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Politics 101 > Slide 3 > Flashcards

Slide 3 Flashcards

1
Q

US code definition of terrorism

A
  • premediated, politically motivated violence
  • perpetrated against noncombatant targets
  • by sub nationationalist groups
  • usually intended to influence an audience
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2
Q

Britanicca definition of terrorism

A
  • systematic use of violence
  • to create general climate of fear
  • thereby bringing about a political objective
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3
Q

Terrorism is an extreme form of _______

A

asymmetrical warfare

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4
Q

What is asymmetrical warfare?

A

unequal military capabilities

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5
Q

4 qualities of terrorist networks

A
  • small
  • in constant need of resources
  • poorly armed
  • turn to criminal activities to gain initial funding
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6
Q

What 2 categories does the FBI categorize terrorism into?

A
  • domestic terrorism

- international terrorism

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7
Q

What is domestic terrorism?

A
  • terrorist activites that focus on facilities or populations
  • without foreign direction
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8
Q

What is international terrorism?

A
  • terrorist activities that are foreign based

- or sponsored by groups outside the US

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9
Q

Name 4 themes used to categorize terrorism

A
  • left wing
  • right wing
  • nationalist
  • religious
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10
Q

Which group of terrorists take longer to eliminate than others

A

religious terrorists

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11
Q

What percentage of terrorist groups have been ended since 1968

A

62%

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12
Q

What percent of the terrorist groups that have been ended since 1968 are religious terrorist groups

A

32%

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13
Q

Terrorist groups from _____ are more likely to be left wing/nationalist and less likely to be motivated by religious purposes

A

upper income

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14
Q

4 terrorist strategies

A
  • coerce policy change
  • provoke gov into dispropotionate response that alienates local people
  • spoil political negotiation by showing that gov is not in control
  • outbid each other as the most dominant terrorist group
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15
Q

Define counterterrorism

A
  • actions taken directly against terrorist networks
  • indirectly to influence global and regional environments
  • inhospitable to terrorist networks
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16
Q

3 components that counter terrorism relies on

A
  • air power
  • special forces
  • sophisticated use of intelligence
17
Q

how many terrorist groups ended between 1968 and 2006?

A

648

18
Q

What the top 2 reasons that terrorist groups ended?

A
  • they joined the political process

- local police/intelligence agencies arrested or killed key members

19
Q

_____ has rarely been the primary reason for the end of terrorist groups

A

military force

20
Q 
What is the portion of each groups impact in ending terrorist groups?
Police
Victory
Politicization
Military Force
A

Police: 40
Victory: 10
Politicization: 43
Military Force: 7

21
Q

What is insurgency

A
  • organized use of subversion and violence

- to seize, nullify or challenge political control

22
Q

What is counterinsurgency

A
  • blend of comprehensive civilian and military efforts
  • designed to simultaneously address insurgency
  • and address its root causes
23
Q

What is the difference between counterinsurgency and conventional warfare

A
  • in counterinsurgency, non military means are most effective
  • and military means play an enabling role
  • strategies focused on population not enemy
  • reinforcing legitimacy of the gov
24
Q

4 assumptions about counterinsurgency created by US government

A
  • decisive effort rarely military
  • patience to persevere in long term struggles
  • essential understanding of human terrain
  • efforts must be directed towards creating local/international gov structures
25
Q

IN counterinsurgency why is it necessary to create local/international gov structures?

A

to replace efforts of foreign partners

to serve population

26
Q

What 3 criteria must be met for counterinsurgency to be considered a success?

A
  • affected gov is seen as legitimate/meet population needs
  • insurgence movements/leaders are separated from the people
  • armed insurgent forces have been dissolved
27
Q

Describe some unsuccessful practices of counterinsurgency groups

A
  • focus on killing enemy instead of security of population
  • large scale operations
  • ignore peacetime gov processes
  • allow open borders
28
Q

POssible problems at tactical level that may arise in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency are used simultaneously

A
  • popular backlash
  • legitimacy gap
  • diminished leverage
  • countermobilization of enemy networds
29
Q

Describe the concept of diminished leverage

A

threat vs. action, makes enemy doubt that contergroup will act

30
Q

Possible problem at political level that may arise if counterterrorism and counterinsurgency are used simultaneously

A

danger of intervening foreign policy which distracts the state pursing the policy

Politics 101 (4 decks)

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