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SOC 224 > Slide 4 - Violent Crimes > Flashcards

Slide 4 - Violent Crimes Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is crime

A

Describes any violation of criminal law and not merely deviant behaviours

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2
Q

What is violence

A

Any act marked by great force, passion, or fierceness

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3
Q

What does violence represent

A

It represents thre breakdown of other systems of interaction, such as persuasion, bargaining, or threats

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4
Q

Definition of high concensus

A

Most people can agree they should prevented\

Violent crimes are usually high consensus

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5
Q

What is the most extreme act of violence

A

Homocide

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6
Q

When does violence decline

A

Violence declines alongside the growth of civility that accompanies the rise of nation-states

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7
Q

What is the brutalization effect

A

The aggracation of unlawful violence rather than curbing this behaviour through government intervention

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8
Q

When and how did the homicide rates permanently rose

A

After the introduction of capitalist punishment in california

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9
Q

What is interpersonal violence

A

It is often the outcome of a bargaining between two people that does not succeed

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10
Q

what is the prime cause of violence in human relations

A

Fear

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11
Q

What does violence represent?

A

It represents thre breakdown of other systems of interaction, such as persuasion, bargaining, or threats

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12
Q

What are blood feuds?

A

They are ancient forms of intergroup violence intended to restore a group’s honour by taking revenge on a group that has dishonoured it

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13
Q

How are women viewed after being raped

A

‘damaged goods’

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14
Q

In blood fueds what are the solution that is put on the women or the seducer

A

The goal is to kill the seducer or the women or to force the seducer to marry the women

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15
Q

What is honour killings

A

result of a punishment for dishonour and are practiced in many Islamic societies

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16
Q

What is Conventional Crimes

A

THey are acts smost people think about when they think of crimes

Ex. Robbery, manslaaughter, and sexual assaults

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17
Q

What is the least common offence

A

Homocide

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18
Q

What is the one reason candian homicide rate is much lower than Americans

A

Due to the low rate of firearm-related murders in Canada

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19
Q

What is a more common type of assault

A

Non-sexual assault

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20
Q

Sexual assault is classified into five leavels according to whether the victim was wounded include:

A

Classic Rape: Forcing sexual intercourse on a stranger

Acquaintance rape: Rape by an acquaintance of the victim

Statutory Rape: Victim is under the legal age of consent

Marital Rape: Rape of a spouse

Incest: Rape of a family menber

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21
Q

What is the ratio of wome as victims of sexual assault to men

A

4:1

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22
Q

What percentage of robberies were male and the most common age

A

Almost 90 percent of those accused of robbery were male and nearly 2/3 were between ages 12-24

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23
Q

What was the most common item reported stolen

A

Money

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24
Q

What is a new form of criminal violence that has emerged in Canada

25
What is the subculture theory
It is helpful in explaining why arguements between young males often serve as a forerunner to homicide
26
Who is Wolfgang and Ferracuti and what did they write about subcultures
Subculture implies there are value judgement or a social value system, which is apart from and a larger part of a larger central value system
27
What does wolfgang and ferracuti subculture of violence theory states
Members of a violent culture are disproportionately likely to be to respond to minor transgressions with lethal force because of a culturally defined need to protect one's protection
28
What is family violence
It is an umbrella term covering different kinds of violence, among different sets of family members
29
Who is most affected [victimized] in family abuse
Elderly parents Statistics canada estimates that 1 in 10 elderly people is victimized by violent criminal abuse
30
What does childhood abuse increase
It increass the likelihiood of low self-esteem, anxiety , depression, and anti-social tendencies
31
What are the main factors that contribute to child abuse
Substace abuse [involved in 40-80 percent of cases] Alcohol abuse [children 3x more likely to be abused by alcoholic parents]
32
Girls who suffer abuse as children are more likely to become _____ in adulthood
victim of abuse
33
Boys who suffer abuse as children are more likely to become ____
abusers
34
Has the rate of spousal homicide has generally been increasing or declining
It has been declining since the mid 1970s
35
What are the contributers to the decline in spousal homicide
1. Changing strucutres of intimaterelationships 2. Increases in gender equality 3. Better training for enforcement personal 4. Improvements in the support provided to victims
36
What is spousal violence
Refers to violence between husband and wife, unmarried co-habiting couples, or gay couples
37
Is severe violence more likely among cohabiting couples or married ones
Severe violence is 5x more likely among cohabiting couples than among married ones
38
When is spousal violence against women most common
When the wife has a job and the husband does not
39
What are the three types/causes of violence
1. Interpersonal conflict: Pushing, shoving, grabbing, slappng 2. Non-systematic abuse: Greater variety of violent acts, including threats, throwing objects, kicking, hitting 3. Systematic abuse: High risk violent acts such as beating, choking and attacking with gun or knife
40
How do functionalist theories view violent crimes
Gottfredson and Hirschis general theory of crime emphasizes the lack of self-control as a factor in violence resulting from inadequate socializatio
41
What did Gottfreso and Hirshi's general theory of crime emphasizes [ Functionalist]
People commit criminal acts because these acts provide easy gratification People inclined to criminal acts are also likely to seek easy, non-criminal pleasures
42
How do symbolic interactioniest theories view violent crimes
The differential association theory desribes the ways some people gain skills and rationalization for violent behaviours Some subcultures use weapons in violent crimes that require both access to the weapon and knowledge of how to use them
43
Who is Athens and what theory does he belong to
He states that offenders use four types of justification for violence Belongs in the symbolic interactions theory Physical defence, frustration, malefi, frustrative malefic
44
What are the four types of justification according to athens
1. Physical defense 2. Frustration 3. Malefic [offender believes he is being belittled or that the victims is evil 4. Frustrative-malefic [ victim is both loathsome and adversarial
45
Those who view themselves as non-violent interpret their violence as ____
Defensive
46
Those who view themselves as violent se their violence in ____
____ any of the 4 justifications according to anys
47
How do critica theorist view violent crimes
As inequality increases in a society, crime will also increase
48
How does a decline in wages increase crime
This will increase the crime rates of 'quick' cash' crimes, especially in societies that lack a social safety net
49
What is the pursuit of respect in accordance to critical theories
Deprived areas marked by poverty and inequality spawn social exclusion, alienation, and violence in the pursuit of respect
50
Hidden injuries of social class are the result of what
Poverty and inequality
51
Where [what type of community] is homicide rates at its highest
Its at its highest in communities with low welfare-payment levels, a high percentage of single-mother families, and a high dropout rate from school
52
What does Dahrendorf [critical theorist] note about violence
Noted that violence, as a means of conducting conflict, diminishes through the regulation of conflict
53
What do feminists argue and realize about violent crimes?
they argue that fear and dependence mark women's social relations with men at work, on dates, and in the home
54
What are the social and psychological effects of violent crimes
Children exposed to violence in the home are more likely to display physical aggression and emotional disorder,hyperactivity and delinquency
55
What are the mental health effects of violent crimes
Victims of crimes are more likely to suffer from PTSD, major depressive episodes, and various phobias
56
What are the physical health effects of violent crimes
There are long-term, lingering effects of physical violence, such as suicide attempts and STDs
57
What are the economic consequences of violent crimes
The fallout of violent crime results in a great many expenses, both for the individual and community levels
58
What leads people not to trust public institutions [ police officers]
It leads people to not report crimes or to withhold information from the police and courts

SOC 224 (4 decks)

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