Slide Outline

Question 1

Six Main Themes of the Semester

Answer 1

1: People (Relations between indigenous and non- indigenous)
2: Economics (trade, agriculture, industry)
3: Family Formation
4: Military Conflicts
5: Governance: democracy to no dem. (France regime) to limited democracy (Brit. reg.)
6: Territory

Question 2

Main “Story”

Answer 2

• ## focus on territories that would become canada (some not)

Question 3

People (list)

Answer 3

• Indigenous communities and nations
• non-indigenous settlers and labourers
• Metis - Ethnogenesis

Question 4

Indigenous Identities and Nations (People)

Answer 4

• Complexity and diversity
• Some political Alliances
• Wabanaki confederacy = Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot
• Wendat/Huron
• Iroquois Confederacy = 5 Nations or Haudenosaunee
• Innu on North Shore of St. Lawrence
• Anishinaabe/ Obibway of pays d’en haut (upper Great Lakes)
• Cree around Hudson’s Bay

Question 5

Non-Indigenous Settlers and Labourers (People)

Answer 5

• 17th Migrant to New France: Canada along St. Lawrence and Acadia on Bay of Fundy
• Enslaved people if 18th
• British Colonizers (1763)
• Loyalist from US (After 1784)
• Settlers from Scotland and Ireland
• African Americans leaving slavery 19th C US

Question 6

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

Question 7

Settler Colonialism

Answer 7

• Land is appropriated
• Indigenous claims to land ignored/ erased
• Cultures repressed or genocide
• social and cultural values of colonizers are rewarded

Question 8

Metis (People)

Answer 8

• Ancestors of Marriage between French/ Anishinabee speaking fur traders from Hudon’s Bay Company Beginning of 18C
• Cultural Identity included blended cultural practices
• Ethnogenesis = a new ethnic or cultural group born of the land

Question 9

Trade: trade to mercantilism to Free trade (Economics)

Answer 9

• Important to Indigenous people and defined relation in 17th C New France
• After 1701 fur trade expanded to pays d’en haut then 1770 more northwest
• Hudson’s bay company move inland with 1790s NWC competition
• Raw material shipped through Mercantilism
• 19C Mercantilism to free trade

Question 10

Trade in other resources (Economics)

Answer 10

• Fishing beginnins in the 1600s
• vital for indigenous people
• drew Europeans to Grand Banks
• Expansion fishing communities on newfoundland coasts
• Industrial Fishing British Columbia
• trade in timber, New Brunswick/ Lower/ East Canada in 19th C

Question 11

Agriculture (Economics)

Answer 11

• Intensified Settler Colonialism
• Some Indigenous People relied on agriculture heavily (Haudenasaunee/ Wendat), others manage env with hunting/ trapping
• Seigneural System in St.Lawrence colony/ Acadian agriculture (17th C expanded in 18th)

Question 12

Land Surrenders

Answer 12

• result of Treaties late 18th C to early 19th C
• Initiated land surrenders from Indigenous people

Question 13

Industrial Production (Economics)

Answer 13

• Factory production in both rural and urban centers
• industrialization increasingly pulled to urban centres and prompt urban growth
• competition with american industrial production lead sof protectionist economic polic in 1870s - National Policy

Question 14

Families (Theme)

Answer 14

• Important to Indigenous people (community)
• Importance to colonizers - filles du roi
• Intercultural connections - mariage a la facon du pays
• as labour, as survival in agricultural, resource extraction and industrial societies

Question 15

Military Conflicts

Answer 15

• 1608 and Champlain misread on politics
• 1701 and Peace between Haudensaunee and French
• 7 Year War
• 1763 Conquest of New France
• 1776-84 Revolutionary War
• 1812 between America and Britain
• US Civil War
• War in Northwest 1885

Question 16

Wars

Answer 16

• Seven Years War
• Effects on New France?
• Indigenous Allies?
• American Rev. War (1776)
• Effect on Ohia River Valley
• War of 1812: a three-way contest (Indigenous worst)
• Ended with treaty of Ghent

Question 17

Political Admin. of New France

Question 18

Constitutional Act of 1791

Answer 18

• Allowed settlers to create an elected assembly
• people voted into government vs appointed power

Question 19

Family Compact in Upper Canada

Answer 19

• Oligarchy: Network of people who had important positions in the colony
• friends/ family ties/ loyalists and british people
• many receive large land grants
• Access to appointments

Question 20

Political Reform

Answer 20

• Allowed resp. Government
• Allowed settlers to vote in elected assembly, who can get into executive council

Question 21

Why Confederation

Answer 21

• External Pressure
• British Policy (Grating internal autonomy and promoting free trade)
• Civil War
  Internal Pressure
• Economic integration (buying Ruperts land)
• Political Problems in the province of Canada

Question 22

Residential Schools

Answer 22

• Industrial Schools
• Mandatory
• Goals (Half days of teachings (thee Rs and destroy culture, working (Underfunded))
  Physical, mental, sexual abuse

Question 23

Metis and Confederation

Answer 23

• Pulls themes together
• Metis Rights
  …

Question 24

Manitoba Act

Answer 24

• Created Manitoba as the 5th province
  …

Question 25

Indigenous Forms of Gov.

Answer 25

-Diversity of modes of Gov - Emphasis on Consensus - Greater Voice/Role for Women

Question 26

Colonial Governments

Answer 26

- Directed by Power (European) - Appointed local governors

Question 27

The Challenge of Responsible Government

Answer 27

- Critiques of the Family Compact or the chateau clique - Demands for suffrage or the vote of the franchise - Rebellions 1837-38

Question 28

Governance MISC

Answer 28

- Uniting Colonies through confederation - Governance of Indigenous people through treaties and education - Governing people through moral reform: campaigns against sexual immorality, for prohabition and for universal sufferage