Slide Prep and Staining

Question 1

alcian blue

Answer 1

mucin, glycoaminoglycans

Question 2

azan

Answer 2

• mucin, collagen, basement membranes (blue)

- nuclei, RBC, muscle (red)

Question 3

congo red

Answer 3

amyloid

Question 4

giemsa

Answer 4

• nuclei (blue/purple)

- RBC (pale pink)

Question 5

Eosin (H&E staining)

Answer 5

• red/pink & Acidic (-)
• attracts basic structures
• proteins, extracellular fibers (collagen) & cytoplasmic filaments

Question 6

Hematoxylin (H&E staining)

Answer 6

• blue/purple & Basic (+)
• -requires metal cation
• attracts acidic structures
• Heterochromatin (DNA/RNA), ER & ribosomes

Question 7

Feulgen reaction

Answer 7

DNA

–(distinguishes between hematoxylin which stains both DNA & RNA)

Question 8

Periodic acid-Schiff reaction

Answer 8

basement membranes (Thickness), glycogen, reticular fibers in connective tissue & carbohydrates

Question 9

Masson’s Trichrome

Answer 9

• nuclei (blue)
• connective tissue (blue/green)
• keratin, muscle & hyaline (red)

Question 10

purpose of tissue fixation

Answer 10

preserve tissue

Question 11

purpose of the use to Formalin in tissue fixation

Answer 11

allows proteins to still react

Question 12

purpose of tissue embedding and downside

Answer 12

allows sectioning of thin slides but lipids are lost

Question 13

tools used to section tissue for sectioning and mounting

Answer 13

microtome or steel knife

Question 14

how are slides mounted in sectioning and mounting

Answer 14

via heat or adhesive

Question 15

Orange G

Answer 15

RBCs (orange)

Question 16

sudan black & osmium

Answer 16

myelin (brownish-black)

Question 17

immunocytochemistry

-direct vs indirect

Answer 17

• Direct: antibody with fluorescein tag directly binds to antigen
• Indirect: non-tagged antibody binds antigen, tagged antibodies bind untagged antibody

Question 18

hybridization (nucleotide probe)

Answer 18

DNA/mRNA binding

-detected via radioactive labels or fluorescein

Question 19

autoradiography

Answer 19

radioactive labeling of precursors

Question 20

histochemical methods

Answer 20

• enzyme digestion
• enzyme histochemistry
• immunocytochemistry
• hybridization
• autoradiography

Question 21

plane of section

Answer 21

• longitudinal: parallel to long axis
• transverse/cross section: parallel to short axis
• oblique: between longitudinal and transverse
• tangential: across the surface

Question 22

bright-field microscope resolution

Answer 22

um

Question 23

scanning electron microscope

Answer 23

• resolution: 2.5nm 10^-9

- electrons scan across surface

Question 24

transmission electron microscope

Answer 24

• resolution: 0.05nm 10^-9

- electrons pass through specimen

Question 25

atomic force microscopy

Answer 25

- resolution: 50pm 10^-12 | - physical probe scans specimen