Slides 1

Question 1

Apex

Answer 1

k

Question 2

base

Answer 2

k

Question 3

atria

Answer 3

k

Question 4

ventricles

Answer 4

k

Question 5

interatrial septum

Answer 5

k

Question 6

interventricular septum

Answer 6

k

Question 7

semilunar valves,

Answer 7

k

Question 8

fossa ovalis

Answer 8

k

Question 9

atrioventricular valves

Answer 9

k

Question 10

chordae tendineae

Answer 10

k

Question 11

papillary muscles

Answer 11

k

Question 12

Myocardium

Answer 12

Thick, muscular layer
Responsible for pumping action
not capable of regeneration (hyperplasia)
hypertrophy

Question 13

hypertrophy can be caused by what

Answer 13

physiological and Hypertension (high blood pressure)… The high blood pressure causes the ventricle to grow in order to over come the higher pressure to open the valve to the atrium.

Question 14

Thin and dilated enlarged heart will cause

Answer 14

a difficulty pumping the blood, you want a balance between the two.

Question 15

Cardiac muscle cells

Answer 15

similar to skeletal in that it is striated containing myosin and actin (thick and thin filaments), but they branch and have interpolated disks.

Question 16

Epicardium

Answer 16

Also called the visceral pericardium and contain epicardial fat, most external layer

Question 17

The epicardium include

Answer 17

blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fibers, and epicardial fat.

Question 18

Epicardial fat is

Answer 18

Used for quick fuel, but also can be bad if too much gathers on the outside and inside can cause coronary artery disease.

Question 19

Blood flow is unidirectional due to

Answer 19

one set of 2 atrioventricular AV valves
on set of 2 semilunar valves
they prevent back flow

Question 20

Mitral bicuspid valve has

Answer 20

two cusps lies left

Question 21

Tricuspid valve

Answer 21

lies between right atrium and right ventricle three leaflets, larger in diameter and thinner than moral valve 3 leaflets

Question 22

papillary muscles and chords

Answer 22

serve as anchors to keep the valves closed and help keep open, they don’t open the valves

Question 23

First sound is what

Answer 23

S1 Associated with closure of tricuspid and mitral AV valves LUB in LUB DUB. bouncing blood off the heart valve.

Question 24

Second heart sound

Answer 24

S2 Closure of the pulmonic and aortic semilunar valves DUB

Question 25

Right atrium receives blood from

Answer 25

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus.(heart wall drain blood to itself.)

Question 26

Blood flow through the heart to the lungs

Answer 26

Right atrium receives blood from the Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus Tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonic valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs pulmonary capillaries.

Question 27

after the lungs to body

Answer 27

Pulmonary veins, left atrium mitral valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta systemic ciruclation.

Question 28

Locate and define the pericardial space

Answer 28

k

Question 29

locate and define the cardiac tamponade

Answer 29

k

Question 30

locate and define the pericardiocentesis

Answer 30

k

Question 31

Acute Pericarditis

Answer 31

Acute inflammation less then 2 weeks of the pericardium. Infectious in origin (viral bacterial fungal) or autoimmune diseases, trauma drug toxicity. Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE (lupus)

Question 32

Manifestations of pericarditis

Answer 32

Triad of chest pain (abrupt precordial, sharp) | Friction rub, ECG

Question 33

Pericardial effusion

Answer 33

caused by enflamed pericardial, creates a lot of pressure making it difficult for the heart to expand

Question 34

Types of pericarditis

Answer 34

Serous pericarditis- excess of fluid with protein, watery clear fluid, seen in lupus and RA Fibrinous pericarditis- Fibrin rich exude from a heart attack, uremia.

Question 35

Purulent pericarditis

Answer 35

bacterial infection, very cloudy

Question 36

hemorrhagic pericarditis

Answer 36

bloody exude

Question 37

Cardiac Tamponade

Answer 37

Pressure makes the heart unable to expand and contract, received by pericardiocentesis

Question 38

Subxiphoid or parasternal approach

Answer 38

ways to relieve the fluid pressure on the heart

Question 39

Myocardial disease 2

Answer 39

not from cardiovascular disease | Myocarditis and primary cardiomyopathies

Question 40

Myocarditis

Answer 40

inflammation of the heart muscle where it gets thick and swollen, Number one is viral. also from drug toxicity cocaine. autoimmune diseases

Question 41

Primary cardiomyopathies

Answer 41

non inflammatory and are not associated with hypertension, congenital heart disease, and generally effects young people without any sign.

Question 42

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 42

Most common, progressive cardiac hypertrophy and dilation, impaired pumping in ventricles

Question 43

Mural thrombi

Answer 43

clots forming on the chamber wall of the left ventricles found in dilated cardiomyopathy. may be a source of thromboemboli. causes idiopathic, infectious myocarditis alcohol.

Question 44

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 44

ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic ventricular filling, autosomal dominant. The heart just gives out and the ventricle walls get large enough that they block the value to the ventricle.

Question 45

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 45

the heart becomes very stiff, hemochromatosis depositing of iron in the tissues.

Question 46

Endocardium

Answer 46

infective endocarditis bacterial endocarditis. Endocardium is compromised and a portal of entry via oral, respiratory, skin, STAPH AUREUS Mitral valve and ulcerations are normal there with vegetation of fiber.

Question 47

AMOXICILLIN orally given

Answer 47

to prevent bacteria getting to the heart. Cephalexin or azinthromycin or clarithromycin

Question 48

Cardiac muscles are different than smooth muscle

Answer 48

no striations

Question 49

skeletal muscle has

Answer 49

``` sacolemma-membrane t tubule-electrical signals sarcoplasmic reticulum- is where calcium is stored. terminal cisternae mitochondria. myofibrils sarcomeres ```

Question 50

thick and thin filaments

Answer 50

thick myosin | thin actin tropomyosin and troponin

Question 51

action potential in a cardiac muscle cell spreads from

Answer 51

the sarcolemma into the T-tubles

Question 52

During the plateau phase of the action potential

Answer 52

Ca channels open and Ca enters the cell from the ECF on the sarcolemma