Slides Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
All matter is composed of ____.
A
atoms
2
Q
What is at the center of the atom?
A
Nucleus
3
Q
Proton’s are ____ charged.
A
positively
4
Q
Neutron’s are ____ charged.
A
neutral (no charge)
5
Q
Electron’s are ____ charged.
A
negatively
6
Q
Orbits the nucleus in energy levels or shells
A
Electron
7
Q
Atoms lose or gain electrons which causes an imbalance in charge.
Atoms become either positively or negatively charged and are then called?
A
positive ions
negative ions
8
Q
Valence electrons are at the ____ level from the nucleus
A
farthest
9
Q
The electron can escape the magnetic pull of the
nucleus and become a…?
A
free electron
10
Q
Made of materials that easily allow electrons to flow.
– Silver, copper, and gold
- Contains many free electrons
– Move easily from atom to atom
– Contain heat energy which can cause movement
- Electron movement
–Relative to the resistance (movement opposition) the conductor presents
– Also called electric current
A
Conductor
11
Q
Made of materials that inhibit the flow of electrons
– Glass, rubber, and plastic
Few free electrons
A
Insulator
12
Q
Made of materials that are neither good as a conductor nor as an insulator
– Silicon and Germanium
A
Semiconductor
13
Q
The electrical energy/force required to move electrons from one place to another
ex. Chemical reaction inside a battery
A
Voltage
14
Q
Voltage is also sometimes referred to as?
A
The potential or the difference of potential
EMF – ElectroMotive Force
15
Q
Voltage Symbol
A
E or V
16
Q
Voltage Unit of Measurement
A
Volt
17
Q
Voltage symbol for unit of measurement
A
V
18
Q
Movement of free electrons through a conductor
A
Current
19
Q
Rate of movement measured in amperes
– Amount of electric charge passing a point in time
A
Current
20
Q
Symbol for Current
A
I
21
Q
Current Unit of Measurement
A
Ampere
22
Q
Current Symbol for Unit of Measurement
A
A
23
Q
The amount of opposition a device or material offers against electrons/current movement
A
Resistance
24
Q
Symbol for resistance
A
R
25
Resistance Unit of Measurement
Ohm
26
Resistance symbol for unit of measurement
Ω
27
The ability of materials to pass electrons
Opposite of resistance
Conductance
28
Inductance is the physical property of a circuit that opposes changes in current flow.
Inductance
29
An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.
Inductor
30
The symbol for an inductance is
L
31
Inductance is measured in...?
henries (H)
32
A _____ is a device that stores electrical energy in an electrostatic (electric) field.
capacitor
33
The effect of a capacitor is known as _____.
capacitance
34
______ is the ratio of the change in electric charge of a system, to the corresponding change in its electric potential.
capacitance
35
Capacitance (C) is measured in...?
farads (F)
36
Today, ______ are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass.
capacitors
37
The following picture is the symbol for what kind of capacitor?
Adjustable Cap
38
The following picture is the symbol for what kind of capacitor?
Electrolytic Cap
39
The following picture is the symbol for what kind of capacitor?
Standard Cap
40
Capacitors in analog filter networks, they do what?
smooth the output of power supplies.
41
Capacitors in resonant circuits, they do what?
tune radios to particular frequencies.
42
Capacitors in electric power transmission systems, they...?
stabilize voltage and power flow.
43
Rate of doing work (how fast energy is used)
The measure of how much energy is converted to heat
Represented by P and W
P = symbol for ____
Watt = unit of measurement
W = symbol for unit of measurement
Power
44
* The amount of current in a circuit is directly proportional to the amount of applied voltage and inversely proportional to the amount of circuit resistance
* Applied to circuit configurations to calculate voltage, current and resistance
Ohm's Law
45
Current is affected by voltage and resistance -
If resistance decreases – current ____ (voltage is unchanged)
increases
46
Current is affected by voltage and resistance -
If resistance increases – current _____ (voltage isunchanged)
decreases
47
Current is affected by voltage and resistance -
If voltage increases – current increases IF...?
resistance is unchanged
48
According to Ohm's Law, how do you solve for current?
49
According to Ohm's Law, how do you solve for voltage?
50
According to Ohm's Law, how do you solve for resistance?
51
Ohm’s Law formulas may be easier to remember using the VIR circle. In the VIR circle, voltage is always...?
On top
52
Mandatory devices for a simple circuit:
Power supply (battery)
Load device (resistance)
Conductor (wire; continuity)
53
An electrical component that draws current from a voltage source
All load devices have a certain amount of resistance (load resistance)
Load Device
54
Optional devices for circuit configurations:
Protective device (fuse or circuit breaker)
Control device (switch)
Monitoring device (meter)
55
There are two two basic circuits:
Series
Parallel
56
The following describes which kind of circuit?
* Current flows in a single path through every component in the circuit
* Simplest of all circuits
If circuit has one resistor, total resistance is equal to the value of that resistor.
* If the circuit has more than one resistor the values of all the resistors must be added together before you calculate current.
* Current has only one path – from the negative side of the power source to the positive side
* Current is the same at every point in the circuit
Series
57
The following describes which kind of circuit?
* Current has more than one path (branches) to follow
* Each branch is connected across the same voltage source
Parallel
58
Kirchhoff’s Laws are used to find ____ like unknowns in a circuit
multiple
59
Kirchhoff’s Laws – Series Circuits
Voltage – in any closed circuit, the applied voltage is ___ to the sum of all the voltage drops in the circuit
equal
60
Kirchhoff’s Laws – Series Circuits
Current –The sum of all currents flowing to a point must be equal to the ____ of all currents
sum
61
Kirchhoff’s Laws – Parallel Circuits
Voltage - Voltage is the ____ (common) across each branch (each branch is connected across the same voltage source)
same
62
Kirchhoff’s Laws – Parallel Circuits
Current - Current in each branch ____ on the resistance in the branch
depends
63
Series Formulas - Applied Voltage
EA = ER1 + ER2 + ER3
64
Series Formulas - Total Resistance
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
65
Series Formulas - Total Current
IT = IR1 = IR2 = IR3
66
Parallel Formulas - Applied Voltage
EA = ER1 = ER2 = ER3
67
Parallel Formulas - Total Current
IT = IR1 + IR2 + IR3
68
Parallel Formulas - Total Resistance
Product/Sum
Equal Value
Reciprocal
69
Parallel Formula - Total Resistance - Product/Sum
70
Parallel Formula - Total Resistance - Equal Value
71
Parallel Formula - Total Resistance - Reciprocal
72
The following is describing which Total Resistance formula?
* Beneficial with just two branches in a parallel circuit
* The two values are multiplied as a product above the same two values added together as a sum
Product Over Sum
73
Note that in a parallel circuit total resistance will always be ____ than the smallest branch resistance.
less
74
In a parallel circuit, if a branch is added total resistance will decrease and total current will _____.
increase
75
In a parallel circuit, if a branch is ____ total resistance will increase and total current will decrease.
removed
76
The following describes which Total Resistance formula?
The total resistance of any number of equal value resistors connected in parallel is equal to the resistance of one resistor divided by the number of resistors
Equal Value
77
RF Career Field systems radios use ___ voltages to power internal components/circuits
DC
78
RF Career Field systems radios operate from ___ battery source or both
one
79
RF Career Field systems radios power up...?
memory circuits
80
RF Career Field systems radios ___ ___ retains radio settings
hub battery
81
The rate of doing work measured in watts
Power
82
The mathematical formula for calculating power for a series circuit and a parallel circuit is the ____.
same
83
The mathematical formula for finding power in a series circuit is?
Either add all the individual powers or use P = I * E if the current and voltage is known
84
The mathematical formula for finding power in a parallel circuit is?
Same as in series circuit
Either add all the individual powers or use P = I * E if the current and voltage is known
85
In a series circuit, if voltage remains constant and resistance
increases, current will ____.
decrease
86
In a series circuit, if voltage remains constant and resistance
decreases, current will ____.
increase
87
In a series circuit, if resistance remains constant and voltage
increases, current will ____.
increase
88
In a series circuit, if resistance remains constant and voltage
decreases, current will ____.
decrease
89
In a parallel circuit, If voltage remains constant and resistance
increases, current will ____.
decrease
90
In a parallel circuit, If voltage remains constant and resistance
decreases, current will ____.
increase
91
In a parallel circuit, if resistance remains constant and voltage
increases, current will _____.
increase
92
In a parallel circuit, If resistance remains constant and voltage
decreases, current will ____.
decrease
93
In a parallel circuit, If a branch is added, total resistance will
____ and total current will ____.
decrease
increase
94
Alternating Current (AC) is produced by a ____ (electromagnetic device)
generator
95
The ____ is coils of wires wrapped around a metal core
rotor
96
The ____ is a set of stationary magnets
stator
97
____ ____ is produced when the rotor turns (rotates) around the magnetic field of the stator
Electric current (AC)
98
The strength and direction of the current depends on the ____ and ____ of the rotor. This results in constantly changing amplitudes and different directions.
position and direction
99
One voltage waveform is called a sinewave, this is also called sinusoidal wave or sinusoid
sinusoidal wave or sinusoid
100
In a sine wave, the sine of the angle of rotation represents the amount of ___ ___.
induced voltage
101
Sine waves are analyzed by ____.
vectors
102
____ represent amplitude and phase relationships of voltage and current.
vectors
103
Maximum peak of a sine wave is ____ and minimum peak is ____.
max - 90 degrees
minimum - 270 degrees
104
The following describes which waveform?
Instantaneous rise and fall
Symmetrical
Square Wave
105
The following describes which waveform?
Instantaneous rise and fall
Asymmetrical
Rectangular Wave
106
The following describes which waveform?
Slow increase with a linear rate of change to peak value; then a rapid drop to maximum negative
Also called ramp voltage
Sawtooth Wave
107
AC sine waves have 3 primary voltage measurements:
Peak (VPK)
Peak-to-peak (VPK-PK)
RMS (Effective)
108
The following describes which voltage measurement?
The peak, or maximum, voltage of just one alternation of a sine wave
Peak (Epk or VPK)
109
The following describes which voltage measurement?
The voltage from the positive alternation to the negative alternation
Peak-to-Peak (VPK-PK)
110
The following describes which voltage measurement?
The effective voltage – amount of AC voltage that will do the same amount of work as DC voltage
RMS (Effective) - RMSEFF or VAC or VRMS or EFF
Root-Mean-Square
111
One cycle of AC has a ____ alternation and a _____ alternation – 2 halves
positive
negative
112
Frequency of an AC waveform is the number of cycles in a ____
second
113
Cycle is one complete ____ of AC
360 degree
114
Symbol for frequency is...?
f
115
____ unit measurement for frequency
Hertz (Hz)
116
The actual distance between the beginning and the end of one complete AC cycle
Wavelength
117
Symbol for wavelength is the Greek letter...?
Lambda (λ)
118
Wavelength is expressed in...?
Meters
119
The following describes which phase relationship?
Two sine waves of the same frequency pass through zero at the same time and reach positive peak together
In-phase
120
The following describes which phase relationship?
Two sine waves of the same frequency do not pass through zero at the same time and reach positive peak at different times
Out of phase
121
Frequencies between 0 Hz and 3KHz
Power Frequencies
122
Frequencies between 15 Hz and 20 KHz
High frequencies are the higher-pitch tones and may not be heard by everyone
Audio Frequencies
123
Frequencies between 20 KHz and 300 GHz
Transmits intelligence (audio) through space using electromagnetic waves
RF Frequencies
124
Frequencies between 1 GHz to 300 GHz
Microwave frequencies
125
Frequency between 3kHz – 30kHz
VLF – very low frequency
126
Frequency between 30kHz – 300kHz
LF – low frequency
127
Frequency between 300kHz – 3MHz
MF – medium frequency
128
Frequency between 3MHz – 30MHz
HF – high frequency
129
Frequency between 30MHz – 300MHz
VHF – very high frequency
130
Frequency between 300MHz – 3GHz
UHF – ultra high frequency
131
Frequency between 3GHz – 30GHz
SHF – super high frequency
132
Frequency between 30GHz – 300GHz
EHF – extremely high frequency
133
Range extends to around 10^17 Hz
Infrared, visible range, and ultraviolet
Optics
134
Range extends to around 10^23 Hz
x-ray
