SLP 502 Lab Values

Question 1

T/F: we can diagnose based on lab values

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Patient presents with high sodium levels; what is this called?

Answer 2

Hypernatremia

Question 3

Sodium and Potassium labs show us what?

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

T/F: we can diagnose dehydration

Answer 4

False

Question 5

High WBC count can show us what?

Answer 5

Infection

Question 6

Complete Blood Count provides values for:

Answer 6

Red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin

Question 7

RBC count is a reflection of what?

Answer 7

blood’s capacity to carry O2 and nutrients through the body

Question 8

A low RBC count may present as

Answer 8

anemia, decreased endurance, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, dyspnea

Question 9

A high RBC count may present as

Answer 9

dehydration, increased risk of stroke, dizziness, burred vision, confusions

Question 10

What is hematocrit?

Answer 10

the percentage of red blood cell count in the total blood volume

Question 11

hematocrit assists in the diagnosis of…

Answer 11

anemia and polycythemia

Question 12

What is polycythemia?

Answer 12

a condition that results in an increased level of RBC in the blood stream

Question 13

What is anemia?

Answer 13

a condition that results when blood lacks enough healthy RBC

Question 14

If a patient has a hematocrit value of less than 25%, what happens

Answer 14

all therapy will be deferred due to fatigue

Question 15

high hematocrit levels may present as

Answer 15

dehydration, congenital heart disease

Question 16

low hematocrit levels may present as

Answer 16

overhydration, malnutrition, weakness, fatigue, dyspnea

Question 17

what is hemoglobin

Answer 17

a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs and tissues and then carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs, they are attached to RBC

Question 18

most of the body’s ____ is found in hemoglobin

Answer 18

iron

Question 19

if the patient has a hemoglobin value of less than ___ g/dL, all therapy should be deferred

Answer 19

8

Question 20

high hemoglobin may present as

Answer 20

dehydration, congenital heart disease, congenital heart failure

Question 21

low hemoglobin may present as

Answer 21

anemia, malnutrition, sickle cell, kidney disease

Question 22

RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin are influenced by…

Answer 22

blood loss, malnutrition (B12), chronic disease

Question 23

why do we care about RBC?

Answer 23

reduction in RBC is due to loss of red blood cells; GI bleeds, anemia, increased risk of cognitive decline

Question 24

WBCs are an important part of the _______ system

Answer 24

immune

Question 25

what do WBC do?

Answer 25

they help find and fight infections

Question 26

where do WBCs originate in the _____

Answer 26

bone marrow

Question 27

which WBC types are important for dysphagia

Answer 27

neutrophils

Question 28

what are the 5 major types of WBCs?

Answer 28

lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils

Question 29

list the functions of the 5 major types of WBCs

Answer 29

lymphocytes- made up of B cells and T cells eosinophils- destroy invading germs, play an important role in inflammatory allergic response neutrophils- first responders to acute infections and present in the oral cavity monocytes- fight infections, remove damaged tissue, destroy cancer cells basophils- prevent blood clotting

Question 30

what does a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) include

Answer 30

sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, pre-albumin, creatinine, blood area nitrogen (BUN), CO2, glucose

Question 31

what is the most common protein found in the blood?

Answer 31

albumin

Question 32

what does albumin do?

Answer 32

provides the body with the protein needed to both maintain growth and repair tissues; often used to evaluate a patient's overall health

Question 33

pre-albumin is a lab value that is frequently used to _________

Answer 33

monitor nutritional status

Question 34

why should we care about the comprehensive metabolic profile?

Answer 34

electrolytes are most often looked at as indicators oh hyfration status

Question 35

what is creatinine

Answer 35

a chemical waste molecule, generated from muscle metabolism

Question 36

where do kidneys dispose of creatinine?

Answer 36

urine

Question 37

what is blood urine nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 37

a blood test to determine how well a patient's kidneys are functioning. This is not routinely taken unless HBP or Type II diabetes

Question 38

what signs and symptoms of increased BUN levels are relevant to dysphagia?

Answer 38

impaired taste and loss of appetite

Question 39

dehydration can artificially increase

Answer 39

albumin, RBC count, sodium, chloride, potassium

Question 40

high potassium may present as

Answer 40

HBP, respiratory arrest, ataxia, confusion, dehydration

Question 41

low potassium may present as

Answer 41

malnutrition, weakness, confusion

Question 42

high sodium may present as

Answer 42

dehydration, mental status change, confusion

Question 43

low sodium may present as

Answer 43

overhydration, starvation

Question 44

what does chloride do

Answer 44

assists in maintaining hydration, aids in acid/base balance, facilitates the exchange of O2 and CO2 in RBC

Question 45

high chloride may present as

Answer 45

dehydration, weakness, lethargy, rapid breathing

Question 46

low chloride may present as

Answer 46

muscle weakness, pneumonia, shallow breathing

Question 47

what is SpO2

Answer 47

as estimate of the amount of oxygen in the blood- we won't work with them if this is low

Question 48

low SpO2 would indicate...

Answer 48

poor oxygen flow

Question 49

who tends to have low SpO2 levels

Answer 49

aspirators

Question 50

why would SpO2 occur during a swallow eval

Answer 50

positioning of patient, physical exertion of completing a full meal, feeding themselves, underlying disease processes

Question 51

T/F: SpO2 does not appear to be a clinically relevant marker of aspiration

Answer 51

true