slp exam2

Question 1

What is literacy

Answer 1

reading and writing

related to cognitive ability, language impairment, academic skills, abstract thinking

Question 2

decoding

Answer 2

breaking down words, blending the sounds together into recognizable real words

Question 3

phonological awareness

Answer 3

the knowledge of sounds and syllables and word structures, ability to manipulate sounds and associate letters and sounds

Question 4

dynamic literacy

Answer 4

relates content to prior knowledge through deductive and inductive reasoning, analyzing and discussing content -> book report

Question 5

reading comprehension

Answer 5

associate what is known with what is decoded

Question 6

dialogue reading

Answer 6

an interactive method of reading -> picture books

Question 7

emerging literacy - social interactions

Answer 7

sharing conversation about the book (child and caregiver)

Question 8

reading impairments def

Answer 8

related to receptive and expressive language difficulties, possible articulation difficlties, language - learning disabilities, nuerological/physical/intelletual genetic disabilities

Question 9

reading impairments are results of

Answer 9

poor word recognition/ decoding abilities, reduced phonological processing, poor word attack skills, poor auditory discrimination, weaknesses in word retrieval, grammar, syntax, semantics, visuospatial skills

Question 10

children with SLDL compared to typical children

Answer 10

comparable verbal IQ/ listening comprehension, below average word reading, below avg decoding, below avg phonological processing

Question 11

hyperlexia

Answer 11

typical or above average ability to read, poor reading comprehension, obsession with letters and words, coexists with poor social skills

Question 12

what is aphasia

Answer 12

involves disturbances in a receptive and expressive language spoken and written

Question 13

causes of aphasia

Answer 13

cerebrovascular accident (stroke), brain tumor, TBI, infections or toxin exposure, dementia, right hemisphere disorder

Question 14

four lobes

Answer 14

frontal lobe - primary motor cortex
parietal lobe - primary sensory cortex
temporal lobe - primary auditory cortex
occipital lobe - primary visual cortex

Question 15

corpus callosum

Answer 15

interhemispheric communication

Question 16

hemiparesis

Answer 16

hemisphere weakness

Question 17

hemiplegia

Answer 17

hemisphere paralysis

Question 18

hemisensory impairment

Answer 18

sensationhas gone from the parietal lobe

Question 19

hemianopsia

Answer 19

damage to the occipital lobe, loss of vision

Question 20

dysphagia

Answer 20

swallowing problem

Question 21

agnosia

Answer 21

loss of semantics

Question 22

agrammatism

Answer 22

loss of grammar, Broca’s aphasia

Question 23

agraphia

Answer 23

loss of writing

Question 24

alexia

Answer 24

problem reading

Question 25

anomia

Answer 25

problem naming objects, word has gone problem

Question 26

jargon

Answer 26

real words put together in proper syntax but it doesn't make sense

Question 27

neologism

Answer 27

problem with new words

Question 28

paraphasia

Answer 28

substitutions in speech

Question 29

verbal stereotype (stereotypy)

Answer 29

same thing over and over

Question 30

semantic paraphasia

Answer 30

sub of one word for another, same semantic set

Question 31

emotional lability

Answer 31

an extreme emotional reaction to a minor event

Question 32

types of fluent aphasia

Answer 32

wernicke's aphasia conduction aphasia anomic aphasia transcortical sensory aphasia

Question 33

nonfluent aphasia

Answer 33

broca's aphasia transcortial motor aphasia mixed aphasia global aphasia

Question 34

Broca's aphasia

Answer 34

the frontal lobe, expressive aphasia, nonfluent, short sent., slow labored speech good auditory comprehension and reading comprehension, poor repetition

Question 35

wernicke's aphasia

Answer 35

the temporal lobe, receptive aphasia, fluent/ hyperfluent, poor auditory and visual comp., verbal paraphasia and neologism, jargon sent. mild to severe anomia, poor repetition

Question 36

conduction aphasia

Answer 36

parietal lobe, good auditory comprehension or midly impaired, mostly fluent speech, paraphasia, anomia, impaired imitation skills

Question 37

global aphasia

Answer 37

all lobes, poor auditory comp, limited expressive skills, often stereotypic, severe anomia, awful imitation skills

Question 38

what is a motor speech disorder

Answer 38

speech deficit caused by damage to the CNS and PNS, results in dysarthria and apraxia

Question 39

pyramidal tract

Answer 39

responsible for rapid, discrete, volitional movements of limbs and articulators

Question 40

extrapyramidal tract

Answer 40

regulates reflexes and maintains posture and muscle tone

Question 41

peripheral nervous system

Answer 41

cranial nerves - 12 pairs | spinal nerves - 31 pairs

Question 42

flaccid dysarthria

Answer 42

damage to cranial and spinal nerves, weak and low tone | caused by bells palsy, progressive bulbar palsy

Question 43

spastic dysarthria

Answer 43

damage to cranial and spinal nerves increased or hyperactive muscle tone, vocal folds can abruptly close causing strained-strangled voice

Question 44

ataxic dysarthria

Answer 44

damage to the cerebellum, incoordination, reduced muscle tone, slow writhing movements

Question 45

hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 45

extrapyramidal system, slow and reduced range of motion, stiffness, speedy speech

Question 46

hyperkinetic dysarthria

Answer 46

damage to extrapyramidal system, basil ganglia, problem inhibiting unwanted movements -> tourettes

Question 47

characteristics of dysarthria

Answer 47

articulatory, respiratory, phonatory, prosody

Question 48

apraxia

Answer 48

impaired ability to plan or program the sensory and motor commands needed for speech production and motor movement

Question 49

transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 49

parietal lobe, speech production and repetition are excellent, comprehension is poor

Question 50

transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 50

frontal lobe, difficulty producing speech, good repetition and comprehension

Question 51

right hemisphere damage aphasia

Answer 51

visuospatial neglect, neglect of left side, poor auditory/ visual comprehension

Question 52

TBI

Answer 52

anomia, impaired comprehension

Question 53

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 53

fiber that connects Broca's area to Wernicke's area