SM_200b: Abdominal Wall Anatomy

Question 1

Describe surface anatomy of the anterior body wall

Answer 1

Surface anatomy of the anterior body wall

Question 2

Superficial body wall is composed of ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 2

Superficial body wall is composed of epidermis, dermis, superficial fascia, and Scarpa’s fascia

Question 3

Deep body wall consists of ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____

Answer 3

Deep body wall consists of deep / investing fascia, muscle, bone, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum

Question 4

Describe the arteries and nerves

Answer 4

Arteries and nerves

• Interrcostal nerves
• Superior epigastric artery from internal thoracic
• Deep inferior epigastric artery from external iliac

Question 5

Dermatome ____ points at the navel

Answer 5

Dermatome T10 points at the navel

Question 6

Describe the anterior view of the male abdominal wall

Answer 6

Anterior view of the male abdominal wall

Question 7

Describe muscle attachments

Answer 7

Muscle attachments

Question 8

Femoral vessels are ____ and inguinal region is ____ the inguinal ligament

Answer 8

Femoral vessels are below and inguinal region is above the inguinal ligament

Question 9

Rectus abdominis functions to ___

Answer 9

Rectus abdominis functions to flex the trunk

Question 10

External oblique functions to ____ and ____

Answer 10

External oblique functions to flex the trunk and laterally bend to the same side or rotate trunk to the opposite side

Question 11

Internal oblique functions to ____ and ____

Answer 11

Internal oblique functions to flex the trunk and laterally bend to the same side / rotate to the same side

Question 12

Describe the tranversus abdominis

Answer 12

Tranversus abdominis

• Fibers oriented horizontally
• No skeletal movements: one muscle pulls against the other
• Raising intra-abdominal pressure is its main role

Question 13

All abdominal muscles function to ____, ____, and ____

Answer 13

All abdominal muscles function to raise intra-abdominal pressure, stabilize the pelvis for leg muscle function, and lower the rib cage and raise the diaphragm (from intra-abdominal pressure) for expiration

Question 14

Rectus abdominis sheath is formed by ____

Answer 14

Rectus abdominis sheath is formed by aponeuroses of the three flat muscles

Question 15

Upper sheath of rectus abdominis involves ____

Answer 15

Upper sheath of rectus abdominis involves all 3 aponeuroses enveloping each rectus muscle

Question 16

Lower sheath of rectus abdominis involves ____

Answer 16

Lower sheath of rectus abdominis involves all 3 aponeuroses passing anterior to muscles

Question 17

Internal oblique aponeurosis divides with half in front and half in back of the ____

Answer 17

Internal oblique aponeurosis divides with half in front and half in back of the rectus abdominis

Question 18

____ is the abrupt termination of the posterior rectus sheath

Answer 18

Arcuate line is the abrupt termination of the posterior rectus sheath

• Below this point: muscles lie directly on transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

Question 19

Hernia is ____ that occurs at ____

Answer 19

Hernia is a sac of parietal peritoneum containing viscera that occurs at weak spots in the abdominal wall

Question 20

Testis must pass through the ____ to the scrotum, forming the ____ as it descends

Answer 20

Testis must pass through the deep body wall to the scrotum, forming the inguinal canal as it descends

Question 21

Peritoneum forms the ____

Answer 21

Peritoneum forms the processus vaginalis

Question 22

Transversalis fascia forms the ____ and ____

Answer 22

Transversalis fascia forms the deep ring and internal spermatic fascia

Question 23

Internal oblique forms the ___

Answer 23

Internal oblique forms the cremaster muscle

Question 24

External oblique forms the ____ and ____

Answer 24

External oblique forms the superficial ring and external spermatic fascia

Question 25

Transversus abdominis forms \_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Transversus abdominis forms NO component

Question 26

\_\_\_\_ guides the descent of the testis

Answer 26

Gubernaculum guides the descent of the testis

Question 27

In females, the gubernaculum persists as the ____ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 27

In females, the gubernaculum persists as the ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus

Question 28

Describe the female superficial inguinal ring

Answer 28

Female superficial inguinal ring

Question 29

Inguinal canal extends from the ____ to the \_\_\_\_

Answer 29

Inguinal canal extends from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial ring

Question 30

Deep inguinal ring is \_\_\_\_

Answer 30

Deep inguinal ring is rim of evagination of transversalis fascia

Question 31

Parietal peritoneum continues as the \_\_\_\_

Answer 31

Parietal peritoneum continues as the tunica vaginalis testis (with visceral and parietal layers)

Question 32

Transversalis fascia continues as the ___ and \_\_\_

Answer 32

Transversalis fascia continues as the deep ring and internal spermatic fascia

Question 33

Transversus abdominis continues as \_\_\_\_

Answer 33

Transversus abdominis continues as nothing

Question 34

Internal oblique continues as the \_\_\_\_

Answer 34

Internal oblique continues as the cremaster muscle

Question 35

External oblique continues as the ____ and \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

External oblique continues as the superficial inguinal ring and external spermatic fascia

Question 36

Scarpa's fascia continues as \_\_\_\_

Answer 36

Scarpa's fascia continues as Colle's fascia lining the scrotum

Question 37

Superficial (Camper's) fascia continues as \_\_\_\_

Answer 37

Superficial (Camper's) fascia continues as dartos muscle / fascia (smooth muscle)

Question 38

Summarize adult layers and their derivatives

Answer 38

Adult layers and their derivatives

Question 39

Inguinal triangle boundaries are \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_

Answer 39

Inguinal triangle boundaries are lateral edge of rectus, inferior epigastric artery, and inguinal ligament

Question 40

Inguinal hernias are ____ or \_\_\_\_

Answer 40

Inguinal hernias are indirect or direct

Question 41

Indirect inguinal hernia goes through ____ and is \_\_\_\_

Answer 41

Indirect inguinal hernia goes through inguinal canal and deep ring and is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery * Congenital (or adult) * Could be in patent processus vaginalis in a newborn

Question 42

Direct inguinal hernia \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_

Answer 42

Direct inguinal hernia * Is NOT through the inguinal canal * Medial to the inferior epigastric artery * Under the conjoint tendon medial to the inguinal canal

Question 43

Describe the direct and indirect inguinal pathway

Answer 43

Direct and indirect inguinal pathway