SM_22b: Oral Cavity / Oropharynx Flashcards
(40 cards)
Person reports a history of wearing glasses for vision deficit, cataracts, hearing loss, and joint hyperflexibility and has a child with cleft palate. This person has ____ syndrome
Person reports a history of wearing glasses for vision deficit, cataracts, hearing loss, and joint hyperflexibility and has a child with cleft palate. This person has Stickler syndrome.
Environmental risk factors for cleft lip and palate are ____, ____, and ____
Environmental risk factors for cleft lip and palate are maternal medication ingestion, exposures, and maternal disease
- Anticonvulsant medication
- Medications derived from retinoic acid
- Folic acid antagonists / deficiency
- Corticosteroids
- Tobacco / alcohol ingestion
- Maternal diabetes
Cleft lip and palate have ____ and ____ risk factors
Cleft lip and palate have environmental and genetic risk factors
- Association with syndromes: 30% of cleft lip ± palate and 50% of cleft palate alone
Stickler syndrome involves ____ and ____
Stickler syndrome involves cleft lip / palate and ocular abnormalities
- Ocular abnormalities: myopia, glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment (higher chance with some types)
- Hearing loss
- Defects in collagen genes
Van der Woude Syndrome involves ____ and ____
Van der Woude Syndrome involves lip / palate and lip pits
22q11 deletion syndrome is ____, and DiGeorge syndrome involves ____, ____, and ____
22q11 deletion syndrome is autosomal dominant, and DiGeorge syndrome involves absent thymus (immunodeficiency), hypocalcemia, and cardiac defects
Goldenhar Syndrome (hemifacial microsmia) results from ____ and commonly presents with ____ and ____
Goldenhar Syndrome (hemifacial microsmia) results from abnormal unilateral craniofacial development of 1st and 2nd branchial arch derivatives and commonly presents with auricular (middle / inner ear) abnormalities and cervical vertebral anomalies
CHARGE syndrome commonly presents with ____ and ____
CHARGE syndrome commonly presents with cleft palate and linear antihelical fold
- CHARGE: coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia (nasopharynx), retarded CNS development, genitourinary abnormalities, and ear anomalies
Pierre Robin Sequence involves ____ and ____ and primarily presents as ____
Pierre Robin Sequence involves hypoplasia and retrognathia and primarily presents as airway distress in infancy
- Initiating insult: mandibular hypoplasia -> displacement of tongue superiorly -> abnormal palate development (clefting)
An 83 year old male hospitalized for dehydrattion develops unilateral parotid swelling and tenderness. You express purulence from the parotid duct. Most likely etiology of his parotitis is ____
An 83 year old male hospitalized for dehydrattion develops unilateral parotid swelling and tenderness. You express purulence from the parotid duct. Most likely etiology of his parotitis is infectious
Infectious sialadenitis results from ____ and ____ is a common risk factor in the elderly
Infectious sialadenitis results from stasis of secretions in duct and dehydration is a common risk factor in the elderly
- Other risk factors are postoperative, radiation / chemo, Sjogren’s
- Swelling of gland (ear proptosis if parotitis), warmth, erythema, tenderness, purulence at salivary duct
Mumps presents as ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____ and is common in ____
Mumps presents as parotid swelling, orchitis, fever, malaise, headache, abdominal pain and is common on college campuses
Autoimmune sialadenitis includes ____ and ____
Autoimmune sialadenitis includes uveoparotid fever (Heerfordt’s syndrome) and Sjogren’s syndrome
Uveoparotid fever (Heerfordt’s syndrome) presents with ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Uveoparotid fever (Heerfordt’s syndrome) presents with uveitis, parotid enlargement, facial nerve dysfunction in 50%, sensorineural hearing loss, and fever
Post-obstructive sialadenitis most commonly results from ____ stones
Post-obstructive sialadenitis most commonly results from submandibular stones
- Higher incidence in gout and smoking
- 90% of submandibular stones appear on imaging
- 90% of parotid stones DO NOT appear on imaging
90% of ____ stones appear on imaging
90% of submandibular stones appear on imaging
90% of ____ stones DO NOT appear on imaging
90% of parotid stones DO NOT appear on imaging
Post-radiation salivary gland fibrosis occurs in at around ____ Gy exposure and can result in significant ____
Post-radiation salivary gland fibrosis occurs in at around 40-50 Gy exposure and can result in significant xerostomia (dry mouth)
(treatment is hydration and oral lubricants)
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is most commonly caused by ____
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is most commonly caused by hypertrophy of tonsils (palatine) and adenoids (in nasopharynx)
(sometimes lingual tonsils)
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by increased systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, hypertension, increased cardiac load, attention deficit disorders, and behavior issues
Adult obstructive sleep apnea is most commonly caused by ____
Adult obstructive sleep apnea is most commonly caused by obesity
A 27 year old woman presents to your clinic with this color change. You would refer her to ____
A 27 year old woman presents to your clinic with this color change. You would refer her to Gastroenterology to rule out Puetz-Jeghers syndrome and gastrointestinal polyps
Oral cavity lesions can be categorized as ____, ____, or ____
Oral cavity lesions can be categorized as benign pigmented, infectious, or autoimmune / systemic
Focal white lesions on the tongue are ____
Focal white lesions on the tongue are leukoplakia (benign pigmented)
- 5-20% chance of premalignancy or malignancy
- Consider malignant etiology especially with history of tobacco, betel nut, alcohol use
- Can be due to local trauma (ill fitting dentures or appliances)
