Small and Large intestine

Question 1

What is the longest part of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 1

The small intestine

Question 2

Where does the small intestine begin and end?

Answer 2

Begins from the pyloric orifice to the ileocecal fold

Question 3

What is the first part of the small intestine and where is it located?

Answer 3

The duodenum

Located adjacent to the head of the pancreas

Question 4

The duodenum is mainly retroperitoneal with exception to?

Answer 4

The first part of the duodenum which is connected to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 5

The duodenum is connected to the liver by which peritoneal ligament?

Answer 5

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 6

List the four divisions of the duodenum

Answer 6

Superior part

Descending part

Inferior part

Ascending part

Question 7

Describe how the superior part of the duodenum extends, with relation to nearby structures.

Answer 7

Extends from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to the neck of the gallbladder

Then passes anteriorly to the bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and inferior vena cava

Question 8

Which verteberal level is the duodenum located near?

Answer 8

Located to the right of L1

Question 9

Describe how the descending part of the duodenum extends, with relation to nearby structures.

Answer 9

Extends from the neck of the gallbladder to the lower border of vertebra LIII.

Its anterior surface is crossed by the transverse colon.

Posterior to it is the right kidney

Medial to it is the head of the pancreas.

Question 10

The descending part of the duodenum has two major structures within them. List them.

Answer 10

Major duodenal papilla

Minor duodenal papilla

Question 11

Describe how the inferior part of the duodenum extends, with relation to nearby structures.

Answer 11

The inferior part crosses the inferior vena cava, the aorta, and the vertebral column anteriorly

It crosses the superior mesenteric artery and vein inferiorly

Question 12

Describe how the ascending part of the duodenum extends, with relation to nearby structures.

Answer 12

Passes upward on, or to the left of, the aorta to approximately the upper border of vertebra LII and terminates at the duodenojejunal flexure

Question 13

The common entrance for the bile and pancreatic duct is known as?

Answer 13

The major duodenal papilla

Question 14

The entrance for the accesory pancreatic duct to the duodenum is known as?

Answer 14

The minor duodenal papilla

Question 15

This duodenojejunal flexure is surrounded by a fold of peritoneum containing muscle fibers called?

Answer 15

Suspensory muscle (ligament) of duodenum (ligament of Treitz).

Question 16

Describe the arterial supply of the duodenum

Answer 16

Gastroduodenal artery,

Supraduodenal artery from the gastroduodenal artery

Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from the gastroduodenal artery),

Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from the gastroduodenal artery),

Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery—a branch of the superior mesenteric artery),

Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery—a branch of the superior mesenteric artery), and

Superior mesenteric artery.

Question 17

The last two sections of the small intestine are made up of?

Answer 17

The jejunum

The ileum

Question 18

Describe the differences in the characteristics of the jejunum in relation to the ileum.

Answer 18

Jejunum is larger in diameter and has a thicker wall

Has more mucosal folds known as plicae circulares

Have less prominent arterial arcades and longer vasa recta (straight arteries)

Question 19

How much of the small intestine is occupied by the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 19

Jejunum makes up 2/5ths of the small intestine

Ileum makes up 3/5ths of the small intestine

Question 20

Describe the differences in the characteristics of the ileum in relation to the jejunum.

Answer 20

Ileum has thinner walls

Have less plicarae circulares

Have shorter vasa recta and longer arterial arcades

Has more mesenteric fat

Question 21

The ileum joins the large intestine between which two structures?

Answer 21

the cecum and ascending colon at the ileocecal fold

Question 22

Describe the ileal supply of the artery

Answer 22

The ileal arteries (branch from the superior mesenteric artery)

Ileal branch of the ileocolic artery

Question 23

What are the main components of the large intestine?

Answer 23

Cecum

Appendix

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoidal colon

Rectum

Anal canal

Question 24

The bend between the ascending and transverse colon are known as?

Answer 24

The right hepatic flexure

Question 25

The bend between the transverse and descending colon is known as?

Answer 25

The left hepatic flexure

Question 26

What suspends the appendix?

Answer 26

The mesoappendix (attached from the ileum to the apendix)

Question 27

Describe the location of the appendix in relation to other nearby structures

Answer 27

Located posteriomedially of the cecum Inferior to the end of the ileum

Question 28

What does the mesoapendix supply to the appendix?

Answer 28

Contains the appendicular vessels

Question 29

What are the varying positions of the appendix?

Answer 29

Posterior to the cecum or the lower ascending colon, or both, in a retrocecal or retrocolic position; Suspended over the pelvic brim in a pelvic or descending position. Below the cecum in a subcecal location Anterior to the terminal ileum in a pre-ileal position Posterior to the terminal ileum in a postileal position.

Question 30

McBurney's point can be used to determine the location of the appendinx. State its location.

Answer 30

One-third of the distance laterally on a line drawn from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine

Question 31

What are the 3 main arteries that supply the cecum and appendix?

Answer 31

The anterior cecal artery from the ileocolic artery (from the superior mesenteric artery), The posterior cecal artery from the ileocolic artery (from the superior mesenteric artery), and The appendicular artery from the ileocolic artery (from the superior mesenteric artery

Question 32

What are the divisions of the colon?

Answer 32

Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid

Question 33

Which parts of the colon are introperitoneal and retroperitoneal?

Answer 33

Ascending and Descending = Retroperitoneal Transverse and sigmoid = Intraperitoneal

Question 34

What is the junction of the ascending and transverse colon?

Answer 34

The right colic felxure

Question 35

Where does the right colic flexure lie in relation to other structures?

Answer 35

Inferior to the right lobe of the liver

Question 36

The junction between the transverse and descending flexure is known as?

Answer 36

The left colic flexure?

Question 37

Where does the right colic flexure lie in relation to other structures?

Answer 37

Lies inferior to the spleen

Question 38

The left colic flexure is held to the diaphragm and spleen by?

Answer 38

The phrenicolic ligament (diaphragm) The splenocolic ligament (spleen)

Question 39

Describe the origin and extension of the sigmoid.

Answer 39

Is continous with the descending colon and starts above the pelvic inlet. It extends to the level of S3 and is continous with the rectum.

Question 40

What 3 main arteries supply the transverse colon?

Answer 40

The right colic artery from the superior mesenteric artery, The middle colic artery from the superior mesenteric artery The left colic artery from the inferior mesenteric artery.