Small Animal Medicine VI (51-62) Flashcards
(327 cards)
1
Q
Describe the etiologic agent of feline bartonellosis.
A
2
Q
What are the clinical signs of feline bartonellosis in the cat?
A
3
Q
How do we diagnose canine and feline bartonellosis?
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4
Q
What is the treatment for feline bartonellosis?
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5
Q
What is the etiology of canine bartonellosis?
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6
Q
What are the clinical signs of canine bartonellosis?
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7
Q
What is the treatment for canine bartonellosis?
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8
Q
Describe the zoonotic potential of bartonellosis.
A
9
Q
Describe the pathophysiology/life cycle of feline bartonellosis.
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10
Q
What are the CDC/AAFP recommendations when it comes to the zoonotic potential of bartonellosis?
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11
Q
Briefly describe the general characteristics of mycoplasma spp./ureaplasma spp.
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12
Q
Mycoplasma felis is associated with ____.
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13
Q
Mycoplasma gateae is associated with ____.
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14
Q
Mycoplasma haemofelis is associated with ____.
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15
Q
Mycoplasma cynos is associated with ____.
A
16
Q
Mycoplasma canis is associated with ____.
A
17
Q
What are the clinical signs of feline mycoplasma?
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18
Q
What are the clinical signs of canine mycoplasma?
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19
Q
How do we diagnose canine and feline mycoplasma?
A
20
Q
What is the treatment for canine or feline mycoplasma?
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21
Q
Describe the etiology of leptospirosis.
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22
Q
What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis?
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23
Q
How do we diagnose leptospirosis?
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24
Q
Describe the use of a snap test to confirm leptospirosis.
A
25
What is the treatment for leptospirosis?
26
Describe the zoonotic potential of leptospirosis.
27
What is the etiological agent for Lyme disease?
28
What are the most common clinical signs of Lyme disease?
29
How do we diagnose Lyme disease?
30
How do we treat Lyme disease?
31
How do we prevent Lyme disease?
32
Describe the etiology and lifecycle of the feline plague.
33
What are the different clinical manifestations of the feline plague?
34
Most cats infected with the feline plague have a history of _____.
35
What are the clinical signs of the feline plague?
36
How do we diagnose the feline plague?
37
How do we treat the feline plague?
38
Describe the zoonotic potential of the feline plague.
39
How can we prevent or limit the zoonotic potential of the feline plague?
40
Describe the etiological agent of feline tularemia.
41
Describe the distribution and transmission of feline tularemia.
42
What are the clinical signs of feline tularemia?
43
How do we diagnose feline tularemia?
44
How do we treat feline tularemia?
45
Describe the zoonotic potential of feline tularemia.
46
What is the cell tropism of Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
47
What is the cell tropism of Anaplasma platys?
48
What is the cell tropism of Ehrlichia canis?
49
What is the cell tropism of Ehrlichia chaffeensis?
50
What is the cell tropism of Ehrlichia ewingii?
51
What is the cell tropism of Rickettsia rickettsii?
52
Describe the general characteristics of Ehrlichiosis spp.
53
Describe the distribution of ehrlichiosis.
54
Describe the reservoir hosts and tick vectors of ehrlichiosis.
55
How do dogs become infected with Ehrlichia canis?
56
What are the 3 phases of infection with E. canis?
57
Describe the general timeline/characteristics of the acute phase of E. canis.
58
What are the clinical signs of the acute phase of E. canis?
59
Describe the subclinical phase of E. canis.
60
Describe the chronic phase of E. canis.
61
List some of the multi systemic signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
62
List some of the ocular signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
63
List some of the neuromuscular signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
64
List some of the polyarthritic signs we may see in a dog infected with E. canis.
65
In general, how do we diagnose E. canis?
66
What are some of the clinicopathological findings in a dog infected with E. canis?
67
What are some urinalysis findings in a dog infected with E. canis?
68
Describe IFA as a diagnostic tool for E. canis.
69
Describe ELISA/Snap 4DX as a diagnostic tool for E. canis.
70
Describe PCR as a diagnostic tool for E. canis.
71
What is the treatment for Ehrlichiosis?
72
How do we prevent Ehrlichiosis?
73
How do we prevent Ehrlichiosis?
74
Describe the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
75
Describe the distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
76
What are the clinical signs of anaplasmosis phagocytophilum?
77
How do we diagnose anaplasmosis phagocytophilum?
78
How do we treat anaplasmosis phagocytophilum?
79
What is the most common clinical sign of Anaplasma platys?
80
In addition to cyclic thrombocytopenia, what other clinical signs are associated with Anaplasma platys?
81
How do we diagnose Anaplasma platys?
82
How do we treat Anaplasma platys?
83
Describe the etiological agent and distribution of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
84
What are some of the clinical signs we may see in a dog with RMSF?
85
How do we diagnose RMSF?
86
How do we treat RMSF?
87
Describe the most likely etiologic agents in feline rickettsial disease.
88
What are the most common clinical signs of feline rickettsial disease?
89
How do we diagnose feline rickettsial disease?
90
How do we treat feline rickettsial disease?
91
Describe some of the common characteristics of Blastomyces dermatitidis.
92
Describe the most common signalment of a patient with blastomycosis.
93
List some of the common clinical signs of blastomycosis.
94
Describe the ocular manifestation of blastomycosis.
95
What would you expect to find in the thoracic radiographs of a patient with blastomycosis?
96
What clinical pathology findings would expect to find in a patient with blastomycosis?
97
How do we diagnose blastomycosis?
98
Identify the fungus in this FNA of a skin lesion.
99
What is the treatment and prognosis for a patient with blastomycosis?
100
Describe the general characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum.
101
Describe the most common clinical presentation for a patient with histoplasmosis.
102
What would you expect to see in thoracic radiographs of a patient with histoplasmosis?
103
Describe the ocular manifestations of histoplasmosis.
104
What are some of the clincopathological findings you may see in a patient with histoplasmosis?
105
Identify the pathogen.
106
Identify the pathogen in this FNA.
107
How do we diagnose histoplasmosis?
108
How do we treat histoplasmosis?
109
What is the prognosis for a patient with histoplasmosis?
110
Describe the general characteristics of Coccidioides immitis.
111
What is the most common signalment for a patient with coccidioidomycosis?
112
List some of the common clinical signs of a canine coccidioidomycosis.
113
List some of the common clinical signs of a feline coccidioidomycosis.
114
List some general clinical signs of coccidioidomycosis.
115
List some clinicopathological findings consistent with coccidioidomycosis.
116
How do we diagnose coccidioidomycosis?
117
How do we treat coccidioidomycosis?
118
Describe the general characteristics of Sporothrix schenckii.
119
Describe the most common lesions and clinical signs consistent with sporotrichosis.
120
How do we diagnose sporotrichosis?
121
Identify the pathogen.
Sporotrichosis
122
What is the treatment for sporotrichosis?
123
Describe their zoonotic potential of sporotrichosis.
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125
126
127
____ is one of the most prevalent parasites infections warm blooded vertebrates. Only ___ complete the coccidian life cycle and pass _____.
128
Describe the lifecycle of feline toxoplasmosis.
129
Describe sporozoites, tachyzoites, and bradyzoites as they relate to feline toxoplasmosis.
130
What are the clinical signs of feline toxoplasmosis?
131
What clinicopathological findings would you expect to find in a cat with feline toxoplasmosis?
132
How do we diagnose feline toxoplasmosis?
133
How do we treat feline toxoplasmosis?
134
Describe the zoonotic potential of feline toxoplasmosis.
135
What is the etiological agent of hepatozoonosis? How is it transmitted?
136
Describe the pathogenesis of hepatozoonosis.
137
What are the clinical signs of hepatozoonosis?
138
What clinicopathological findings would you find in a dog with hepatozoonosis?
139
How do we diagnose hepatozoonosis?
140
Describe the periosteal reaction that is unique to hepatozoonosis.
141
What is the treatment for hepatozoonosis?
142
What is the etiological agent found in neosporosis? What does it infect and what stages does it persist it?
143
How do doges become infected with neosporosis?
144
What is the most common clinical sign of neosporosis?
145
What clinicopathological findings would you expect to find in a dog with neosporosis?
146
How do we diagnose neosporosis?
147
What is the treatment for neosporosis?
148
In general, what is cytauxzoonosis?
149
What are some common clinical findings in a cat infected with cytauxzoonosis? What is the top differential?
150
What clinicopathological findings would you expect to see in a cat with cytauxzoonosis?
151
How do we diagnose cytauxzoonosis?
152
How do we treat cytauxzoonosis?
153
How do we prevent cytauxzoonosis?
154
What are the different etiological agents responsible for babesiosis?
155
What is the most common clinical sign of babesiosis?
156
Describe the general cytological characteristics of Babesia canis.
157
Describe the general cytological characteristics of Babesia gibsoni.
158
What are the different clinical manifestations of babesiosis? Which is the most common?
159
Describe the peracute manifestation of babesiosis.
160
Describe the acute manifestation of babesiosis.
161
Describe the chronic manifestation of babesiosis.
162
Describe the subclinical manifestation of babesiosis.
163
Describe the atypical manifestation of babesiosis.
164
Describe the pathophysiology of babesiosis.
165
How do we diagnose babesiosis?
166
What are your top differentials for babesiosis?
167
What is the treatment for babesiosis?
168
How do we prevent babesiosis?
169
What is leishmaniasis?
170
Describe the distribution of leishmaniasis.
171
Describe the life cycle of leishmaniasis.
172
Describe the transmission of leishmaniasis.
173
Describe the pathophysiology of leishmaniasis.
174
Describe the clinical signs of leishmaniasis.
175
Describe the clinicopathological findings consistent with leishmaniasis.
176
How do we diagnose leishmaniasis?
177
How do we treat leishmaniasis?
178
How do we control/prevent leishmaniasis?
179
What is cancer? What are some causes?
180
What heritable cancer is associated with German Shepards?
181
What heritable cancer is associated with Bernese Mountain dogs?
182
What heritable cancer is associated with Scottish Deerhounds?
183
What heritable cancer is associated with Golden Retrievers?
184
What heritable cancer is associated with Shellie’s, Scotties, Westies, Beagles and Yorkers?
185
List some environmental factors that play a role in the development of a cancer.
186
How does tobacco smoke play a role in the manifestation of cancer in dogs/cats?
187
How do pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides play a role in the manifestation of cancer in dogs/cats?
188
Describe FeLV as an infectious cause for cancer.
189
Describe FIV as an infectious cause for cancer.
190
Describe FeLV/FIV co-infections as an infectious cause for cancer.
191
Describe Spirocerca Lupi as an infectious cause for cancer.
192
Describe schistosomiasis as an infectious cause for cancer.
193
Describe FeSV as an infectious cause for cancer.
194
Describe papillomavirus as an infectious cause for cancer.
195
Describe Marek’s disease as an infectious cause for cancer.
196
Describe bovine leukemia virus as an infectious cause for cancer.
197
Describe hormones as a causative agent of cancer.
198
Describe trauma/chronic inflammation as a causative agent of cancer.
199
Appropriate cancer treatment of combinations treatments are determined by _____/
200
What are the three main treatment modalities for cancer? What are the alternate modalities?
201
How does tumor stage and tumor behavior influence treatment modality?
202
What are the main indications for the surgical resection of cancer? What are the limitations and risk?
203
Describe radiation therapy as a treatment option for cancer. What are the limitations?
204
Describe chemotherapy as a treatment option for cancer.
205
What is induction chemotherapy? What are the indictions?
206
What is adjuvant chemotherapy? What are the indictions?
207
What is neoadjuvant chemotherapy? What are the indictions?
208
Describe photodynamic therapy as an alternative therapy to cancer.
209
Describe cryotherapy as an alternative therapy to cancer.
210
Describe hyperthermia treatment as an alternative therapy to cancer.
211
Describe immunotherapy as an alternative therapy to cancer.
212
Define definitive therapy as it relates to veterinary oncology.
213
Define palliative therapy as it relates to veterinary oncology.
214
Define median survival time as it relates to veterinary oncology.
215
Define disease free interval as it relates to veterinary oncology.
216
Define cure as it relates to veterinary oncology.
217
Define complete response as it relates to veterinary oncology.
218
Define partial response as it relates to veterinary oncology.
219
Define overall response rate as it relates to veterinary oncology.
220
Define stable disease as it relates to veterinary oncology.
221
Define progressive disease as it relates to veterinary oncology.
222
How do we use QOL to assess a palliative response to cancer treatment?
223
What is chemotherapy?
224
What is the fundamental mechanism of chemotherapy?
225
In general, how do we classify chemotherapeutic drugs?
226
Describe cell cycle chemotherapeutic drugs.
227
Describe non-cell cycle specific chemotherapeutic drugs.
228
List the different subgroups of chemotherapeutic drugs.
229
Describe the MOA of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
230
Describe the elimination route of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
231
Describe the available formulations of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
232
Provide an example of a commonly used antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic agent used in veterinary medicine. What are it indications?
233
Describe the risks of antimicrotubule chemotherapeutic drugs.
234
Describe the MOA of alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs.
235
Describe the excretion of alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs.
236
Describe the risks of alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs.
237
List some examples of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents we use in veterinary medicine.
238
Describe the uses and available formulations of cyclophosphamide/cytoxan.
239
Describe the special indications and contraindications for cyclophosphamide/cytoxan.
240
What are the uses, formulations, and risks associated with chlorambucil (leukeran) and mephalan (alkeran)?
241
What are the uses, formulations, and risks associated with lomustine (CCNU or CeeNu)?
242
What is the general MOA of anticancer antibiotics?
243
What are the available formulations, elimination pathway and toxicity concerns relative to anticancer antibiotics?
244
Describe the uses and available formulations for doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
245
Describe the excretion pathway and risks associated with doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
246
Describe the cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
247
Describe the nephrotoxicity associated with doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil).
248
What are the contraindications to using doxorubicin (adriamycin/doxil)?
249
Describe the available formulations, MOA, excretion pathway and toxicity associated with platinum chemotherapeutic compounds.
250
Describe the formulations, uses, risks and contraindications to using cisplatin (platinol).
251
What are the uses and special notes related to using carboplatin (paraplatin) in cancer patients?
252
List some examples of chemotherapeutic antimetabolites we use in veterinary medicine.
253
Describe the MOA, formulations and risks to using chemotherapeutic antimetabolites.
254
What is the indiction and mechanism of action of L-asparaginase?
255
What are the formulations, uses, and risks associated with L-asparginase?
256
What is the mechanism of action of Palladia?
257
What are the uses, formulations, and clearance mechanisms of Palladia?
258
What are the side effects of Palladia?
259
List some of the different ways that tumors become resistant to treatment.
260
Define predictable toxicity as it relates to chemotherapeutic agents.
261
Define dose limiting toxicity as it relates to chemotherapeutic agents.
262
Describe the general MOA of chemotherapy toxicity.
263
List some examples of predictable toxicity reactions to chemotherapeutic agents.
264
What are unique chemotherapy toxicities?
265
____ is the most important component of treatment for solid tumors in dogs and cats. The ____ is the best chance at a cure.
266
Describe gross tumor anatomy as it relates to surgical oncology.
267
Describe pseudo-capsule tumor anatomy as it relates to surgical oncology.
268
Describe microscopic tumor anatomy as it relates to surgical oncology.
269
What are the different “types” of surgical oncology?
270
What type of information can a tumor biopsy provide us?
271
What are some of the risks to taking a tumor biopsy?
272
What kind of information can a tumor FNA provide us?
273
____ can be indicated if an FNA is inconclusive, non-diagnostic, or doesn’t fit with the clinical picture.
274
What are the indictions, approaches, and cons to a tru-cut biopsy?
275
Describe the general procedure of a tru-cut biopsy.
276
What is an incisional biopsy? What are the indications and risks?
277
What is an excisional biopsy?
278
What is the general intent behind surgical oncology?
279
What is a marginal excision?
280
What is the intent of palliative surgical oncology?
281
What is debunking? What are the indications?
282
What are the general surgical concepts to surgical oncology?
283
What are some general risks associated with surgical oncology?
284
Why is the extent of surgical margins important?
285
What is the preferred marginal extent of sot tissue sarcomas?
286
What is the preferred marginal extent of canine MCT?
287
What is the preferred marginal extent of feline FSA?
288
Describe how/why we treat mast cell tumors with surgery.
289
Describe how/why we treat canine soft tissue sarcomas with surgery.
290
Describe how/why we treat feline injection site sarcomas with surgery.
291
What are the general surgical and adjuvant therapy recommendations for feline injection site sarcomas?
292
Describe how/why we treat anal sac tumors with surgery.
293
What is radiation therapy?
294
Describe the direct action of radiation therapy.
295
Describe the indirect action of radiation therapy.
296
What are the 4 R’s to radiation biology?
297
Describe repair as it relates to radiation biology.
298
Describe reoxygenation as it relates to radiation biology.
299
Describe redistribution as it relates to radiation biology.
300
Describe repopulation as it relates to radiation biology.
301
The effects of the 4 R’s can be estimated from _____.
302
Describe a tumor that would have a favorable response curve to radiation.
303
Describe a tumor that would have an unfavorable response curve to radiation.
304
What are fractionation schedules? Why are they important?
305
Differentiate between a conventional and palliative fractionation schedule.
306
What are the modern forms of external beam irradiation? In general, how do they generate electrons?
307
Modern linear accelerations are typically able to generate both photons and electrons of different energies. Why is this important?
308
After selecting appropriate energy and particle type (for external bean irradiation), radiation can be further focused by ____.
309
What are some factors that influence radiation treatment for cancer?
310
Describe acute tissue reactions as they relate to radiation therapy.
311
Describe late tissue toxicity as they relate to radiation therapy.
312
The dosage of radiation therapy is limited such that the incidence of unacceptable side effects is ___. Some examples include _____.
313
Describe cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
314
Describe nasal tumors as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
315
Describe soft tissue sarcomas as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
316
Describe equine sarcoids as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
317
Describe mast cell tumors as a tumor that is responsive to radiation therapy.
318
Why do we stage tumors?
319
Ideal staging diagnostics are determined by ____.
320
How does the biological behavior of carcinomas affect tumor staging/diagnostics?
321
How does the biological behavior of sarcomas affect tumor staging/diagnostics?
322
____ and ____ are the two ways we summarize tumor staging results in veterinary medicine.
323
Describe TNM as a grading scale used to stage tumors.
324
Describe WHO I-V as a grading scale used to stage tumors.
325
How do we use our staging results to design optimal multi-modal therapy options for cancer patients?
326
What is the rationale behind multi-modal therapies in cancer patients?
327
What are the basic principles of multi-modal therapy in cancer patients?
