Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI y1 > small intestine > Flashcards

small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

what vitamins are absorbed in the jejunum

A

D, E, A,K - these are all fat soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats absorber un the duodenum

A

calcium, iron and magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

whats absorbed in the terminal ileum

A

bile salts and vitamin B12 (intrinsic factor for absorption, used in making RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

whats absorbed in the colon

A

short chain fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is used to absorb glucose and galactose

A

sodium cotransporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which vitamin needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vomiting reflex

A

detected by vagal aferent nerve to the medulla oblongata
mechanism:
- phrenic nerve contracts diaphragm
- vagus nerve causes duodenum and pylorus to contract
- antrum contracts and UOS and LOS relax
- pressure increase forces stomach contents out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does GI mucus act as

A

bicarbonate barrier, made up of mucin glycopeptides that’s used to trap water, bicarbonate and pathogens from entering the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do GI prostaglandins do

A

stimulate the release of bicarbonate, inhibit histamine and HCl release, and maintain mucosal blood flow and epithelial restitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peyer’s patch

A

tiny lymph nodes that keep intestinal flora at an appropriate level to stop pathogens and prevent infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are M cells

A

found in peyer’s patches and in the ileum and aggregate into little lymphoid tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

umami

A
  • found in foods with L-amino acids, mono sodium glutamate
  • uses TIR1 and TIR3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sweet

A
  • uses TIR2 and TIR3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bitter

A
  • uses T2R
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

saltiness

A
  • uses ENaC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the main immunological gut defence against foreign pathogens

A

IgA secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

functions of saliva

A
  • tooth maintenance
  • lubrication
  • antifungal/antimicrobial
  • digestive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

innervation of parotid gland

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

salivary gland secretions

A

parotid - mostly serous
submandibular - mix of serous and mucosal
sublingual - mostly mucosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what stimulates saliva production

A

mastication
taste
smell
anticipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what inhibits saliva production

A

fear
vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do acinar cells secrete

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

layers of GI tract (deep to superficial)

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa (contains submucosal plexus)
  3. muscularis (circular muscle, myenteric plexus, longitudinal muscle)
  4. serosa (visceral peritoneum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what do mucous/epithelial cells secrete
mucous bicarbonate gastric lipase
26
what do cheif cells secrete
pepsinogen
27
what do parietal cells secrete
HCl, intrinsic factor
28
what do G-cells secrete
gastrin
29
what do D-cells secrete
somatostatin
30
cephalic phase
- upon smelling/seeing/anticipating food, a large amount of gastric acid will be released ror a short amount of time
31
gastric phase
- stomach received bolus and distends, results in receptive relaxation to accommodate the food - stomach detects peptides and amino acids by chemoreceptors, stomach releases more acid to compensate
32
intestinal phase
- duodenal cells can also detect stretch and the acidity of chyme - G cells in duodenum. an release gastrin to act on stomach parietal cells
33
migrating myoelectric complex phases (cleaning gut from residual contents)
1. quiescent - no activities ongoing 2. initiates random contractions 3. burst of contractions (max amplitude and duration) 4. rapid decrease of contraction
34
cholecystokinin
- made in duodenal I cells - secreted due to fats and proteins - act on acinar cells in pancreas, gallbladder and vagal afferent neurones
35
function of cholecystokinin
- digestive enzyme release - gallbladder contracts, releasing bile - inhibit food intake and induces satiety
36
gastrin
- made in G cells of stomach antrum - secreted due to stomach distension and Ach release - act on ECL to activate parietal cells
37
functions of gastrin
- histamine release - HCl release
38
histamine
- made in stomach - ECL cells - secreted due to gastrin simulation and Ach release - acts on parietal cells in stomach
39
function of histamine
HCl release
40
somatostatin
- made in D cells in islets of pancreas and stomach pylorus duodenum - secreted due to food in stomach - sympathetic stimuli - act on - parietal cells in stomach, ECL, G cells, gallbladder, small intestine, exocrine cells in pancreas
41
functions of somatostatin
decrease HCl, histamine, gastrin, bicarbonate release, GB contractions and bile release, stops GI blood flow and absorption
42
secretin
- made in S cells in duodenum - se feted due to low pH of chyme - act on ductal cells of pancreas, parietal cells in stomach
43
function of secretin
- bicarbonate release, stops HCl release
44
gastric inhibitory peptide
- made in K cells in duodenum and jejunum - secreted due to fatty chyme - act on B cells in pancreas
45
function of GIP
insulin secretion
46
glucagon like peptide
- made in L cells in duodenum - secreted due to fat and protein in duodenum - act on B cells in pancreas
47
functions of GLP
- insulin secretion - inhibits food intake, induces satiety
48
peptide YY
- made in L cells in ileum and colon - secreted after food ingestion - acts in intestines
49
functions of peptide YY
- increase water absorption - inhibits gastric motility -increases efficiency of digestion
50
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
- made in enteric neurones - act on parietal and chief cells in the stomach, the pancreas and intestine
51
function of VIP
- stops HCl release - pepsinogen release - increase secretion of water in juice
52
motilin
- made in duodenum - secreted due to fasting - act on duodenum
53
functions of motilin
- increase gastric motility - starts migrating motor complex
54
the myenteric plexus is located i between which 2 layers of the GI tract wall
circular muscle and longitudinal muscle
55
what results in increased gastric secretions
pepsis and amino acids in stomach lumen
56
what neurotransmitter is responsible for the relaxation of the gut lumen during peristalsis
NO
57
what cranial nerve senses distension in the gut lumen via baroreceptors and send signals to CNS via afferent nerve fibres
vagus (CN VII)
58
what does the coeliac trunk supply - T12
foregut : lower oesophagus, stomach, first 1/2 duodenum
59
what does the superior mesenteric artery supply - L1
midgut : last 1/2 duodenum to 2/3 transverse colon
60
what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply - L3
hindgut : last 1/3 transverse colon to rectum

GI y1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions