Small Intestine, Colon, Rectum, Anus And Appendix

Question 1

Small intestine is derived from

Answer 1

Endoderm

Question 2

Blood supply of the midgut

Answer 2

SMA

Question 3

Blood supply of foregut structure

Answer 3

Celiac trunk

Question 4

Blood supply of hindgut

Answer 4

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 5

Derived from foregut

Answer 5

Duodenum

Question 6

Derived from midgut

Answer 6

Jejunum and ileum

Question 7

Most common surgical disorder of the small intestines

Answer 7

Mechanical short bowel obstruction

Question 8

Most common cause of mechanical short bowel obstruction

Answer 8

Adhesions

Question 9

Cardinal signs of obstruction

Answer 9

Vomiting
Obstipation
Distension
Corampy/colicky abdominal pain

Question 10

Abdominal series done for diagnosis of SBO

Answer 10

Upright CXR
Supine and Upright Abdominal Xrays

Question 11

Triad of radiographic findings in SBO

Answer 11

Dilated small bowel loops (>3cms)
Air fluid levels (step ladder appearance)
Paucity or absence of air in the rectum (rectal gas)

Question 12

Radiographic findings in strangulated SBO

Answer 12

Thickened small bowel loops
Mucosal “thumb printing”
Pneumatosis intestinalis (gas within the bowel)
Free peritoneal air

Question 13

Preferred method of diagnosing SBO in px with history of abdominal malignancy

Answer 13

CT Scan with water soluble contrast

Question 14

This is the gold standard to differentiate partial from complete SBO

Answer 14

Small Bowel Series/Enteroclysis

Question 15

Contraindications of conservative management in SBO

Answer 15

Suspected ischemia
Large bowel obstruction
Closed loop obstruction
Strangulate hernia
Perforation

Question 16

Assessment of bowel viability

Answer 16

Color
Peristalsis
Marginal arterial pulsation
Necrosis
Perforations

Question 17

Factors that inhibit spontaneous closure of fistula

Answer 17

Foreign body
Radiation enteritis
Infection/inflammation
Epithelization of fistula tract
Neoplasm
Distal obstruction

Question 18

Most prevalent congenital anomaly of the GIT

Answer 18

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 19

Most common true diverticulum

Answer 19

Meckel’s diverticulum

Question 20

Rule’s of 2 in meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 20

2% of the population
2:1 predominance in male
2 feet proximal in the ileocecal valve
1/2 symptomatic for under 2 years old
2 types of mucosa gastric > pancreatic
2inch length

Question 21

Etiology of meckel’s diverticulum

Answer 21

Persistence of vitelline or omphalomesenteric duct

Question 22

Most common symptom of meckel’s diverticulum in children

Answer 22

Bleeding

Question 23

Most common symptom of meckel’s diverticulum in adults

Answer 23

Intestinal obstruction

Question 24

Treatment for incidental or asymptomatic meckel’s diverticulum is?

Answer 24

Adult: observe
Children: diverticulotomy (wedge resection) + appendectomy

Question 25

Most common cause of acute mesenteric ischemia

Answer 25

Arterial embolus

Question 26

Efinitive treatment for malrotation to prevent mid gut volvolus

Answer 26

Ladd procedure

Question 27

Most common cause of double bubble sign

Answer 27

Duodenal atresia

Question 28

Most common and lethal gastrointestinal disorder affecter preterm neonates

Answer 28

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 29

Most potent intestinotrophic hormone

Answer 29

Glucagon like peptide 2

Question 30

This serves as the landmark to identify the position of the location of the appendix

Answer 30

Anterior taenia

Question 31

The three taenia coli meet at the?

Answer 31

Base of the appendix and rectosigmoid junction

Question 32

Arterial supply of the appendix

Answer 32

Appendiceal artery from ileocolic artery

Question 33

Most common location of the tip of the appendix

Answer 33

Retrocecal position

Question 34

Most common cause of acute appendicitis in adults

Answer 34

Fecaliths

Question 35

Most common aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated in perforated appendicitis

Answer 35

E. Coli Bacteroides fragilis

Question 36

Murphy triad

Answer 36

Abdominal pain Fever Vomiting

Question 37

Increased abdominla pain on coughing

Answer 37

Dunphy's sign

Question 38

Pain at RLQ when palpatory pressure on LLQ is exerted

Answer 38

Rovsing sign

Question 39

Most common extrauterine surgical emergency in pregnant women

Answer 39

Appendicitis