Small Ruminant

Question 1

What is an intact male sheep called?

Answer 1

Ram

Question 2

What is an intact male goat called?

Answer 2

Buck

Question 3

What is a castrated male sheep AND goats called?

Answer 3

Wether

Question 4

What is the name of a weaned young goat?

Answer 4

doeling/buckling

Question 5

What type of diet for Sheep? Goat?

Answer 5

Sheep: grazing grass (grass succulents)
Goats: Browse (twigs/leaves)

Question 6

Do goats or sheet have wattles?

Answer 6

goats-wattles and beards

sheep-mane

Question 7

How do sheep get aged by dentition?

Answer 7

buck teeth on bottom=1 yr
teeth next to it grow ascending with age
4 years all teeth

Question 8

What virus causes contagious ecthyma?

Answer 8

parapox virus

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of contagious ecythema?

Answer 9

• vesicles
• papules
• crusty proliferative lesions–>lips, nose, gums
• Lesions on tongue, conjunctiva, genitalia, udder perineum
• reluctant to nurse/be nursed
• reluctant to walk/eat–>weight loss

Question 10

How do you diagnose contagious ecythma?

Answer 10

• HX and PE
• signalment
• EM
• PCR

Question 11

How do you treat contagious ecythma?

Answer 11

• lasts 1-4 week
• supportive care
• antibiotics
• larvocides/fly repellant

Question 12

What is the prognosis of orf?

Answer 12

morbidity >80%

mortality low and usually heals without scars

Question 13

What are the common clostridial diseases types in goats/sheep?

Answer 13

• type c (enterotoxemia)–>bloody scours
• Type D (enterotoxemia)–>pulpy kidney and overeating disease
• Tetnus

Question 14

What are the bacteria that cause contagious agalactica in sheep and goats?

Answer 14

M. agalactica
M. mycoides sub mycoides
M. capricolum sub capricolum

Question 15

How does contagious agalactica spread?

Answer 15

infected animals into herd

spread via milk and ocular discharge

Question 16

What clinical signs do you see with contagious agalactica?

Answer 16

mastitis
arthritis
conjunctivitis

**may not see al three
typically you see abrupt agalactica w/ abcessation of mammary glands

Question 17

How do you diagnose contagious agalactica?

Answer 17

culture
PCR
serology

Question 18

What are the treatment options for contagious agalactica?

Answer 18

antibiotics mitigate it but don’t cure

have to aim for prevention–>biosecurity, milking hygiene, testing

Question 19

What is contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?

Answer 19

highly contagious goat disease from Mycoplasma capricolum

subsp. capripneumoniae

Question 20

What are the clinical signs of contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?

Answer 20

mouth breathing
salivation
death within days

**can have septicemia

Question 21

What is the diagnosis for contagious caprine pleuropnemonia?

Answer 21

PCR
latex agglutination (checks go IgM antibodies in response to mycoplasm)

Question 22

What is the etiology of Ketatoconjunctivitis?

Answer 22

causedby M.conjunctivae through direct contact/fomites

Question 23

What are the clinical signs with infectious ketatoconjunctivitis?

Answer 23

blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, and varying degrees of corneal opacity and ulceration

Question 24

How would you diagnose infectious ketaroconjunctivitis?

Answer 24

clinical signs

culture

Question 25

How do you treat infectious keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 25

tetracyclines (parenteral-iv) prevention is dust and insect control-->stress can increase the prevalence

Question 26

What is Eperythrozoonosis? CS-->TX

Answer 26

Caused my M. ovis bacteria through horizontal transfer (vertical can occur too) mainly through biting insects (midges/mosquitoes) clinical signs: icteroanemia (acute) and ill thrift when chronic (anemia and jaundice) DX: PCR, blood smear, serology (herd-level) TX: tetracyclines control by preventing blood to blood contact-->shearing, market ect ***The Mycoplasma ovis bacterium infects the red blood cells of the animals, prompting the spleen to attempt to clear the infection by destroying the diseased blood cells. It is this excessive destruction of the blood that leads to anaemia, jaundice and death. Disease outbreaks can last for 14 to 28 days.

Question 27

What is caprine Arthritis and encephalitis? What are its four clinical manifestations?

Answer 27

``` Lenti Virus Synovitis leukocephalomyelitis interstitial pneumonia mastitis ```

Question 28

What is OPP?

Answer 28

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Lentivirus CULL because virus shed in colustrum/milk CS: progressive emaciation and debilitating pneumonia "hard bag"-->firm udder, scant milk production no signs of inflammation

Question 29

What is the difference between OPP and CAE clinical signs?

Answer 29

CAE: polyarthritis in adults, encephalitis in kids, chronic mastitis in adults (i.e., hardbag). OPP: pneumonia, poor-doers (weight loss, lethargic, mastitis, febrile); affects adults more than lambs

Question 30

What clinical signs are seen with Caseous Lymphadenitis? (CLA) How do you treat?

Answer 30

-causes caseation (cheese) of lymph nodes CS: swollen LN, draining tract, chronic weight loss DX: serology, culture, necropsy TX: antimicrobials (intralesional or systemic) and supportive care

Question 31

How do you prevent caseous lymphadentitis?

Answer 31

vaccination disinfect shearing equipment (prevent contact with pus) remove hazards in environment prepurchase exam for lesions serologic screening and quarantine before new introductions

Question 32

How does CLA spread?

Answer 32

is spread from animal to animal primarily through contact with material from subcutaneous abscesses (pus) or fomites (inanimate objects) contaminated with abscess material. The organism can survive several months in the soil and environment, remaining a source of infection.

Question 33

What is Bluetongue?

Answer 33

Orbivirus primary host is sheep (others= cattle goat and deer) spread by biting insects (culicoides-biting midges) high morbidity w/ low mortality

Question 34

What are the clinical signs of blue tongue?

Answer 34

``` severe fever lasting 5-6 days nasal d/c reddening of buccal/nasal mucosa edema of face, lips and jaw cyanosis of tongue and MM erosion/sloughing of oral mucosa coronitis/lameness-->reluctance to move abortion and deformed limbs ```

Question 35

What is the bacteria that causes footrot in sheep?

Answer 35

Dichelobacter nodosus and usuallly fusobacterium necrophorum HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS-->lesion d/c

Question 36

What are the clinical signs of footrot?

Answer 36

interdigital inflammation underrunning of soft and hard horn severe lameness foul smell

Question 37

What is the treatment for footrot?

Answer 37

aggressive hoof trimming topical antibiotics parenteral antibiotics ``` control: footbaths isolation vx culling ```

Question 38

What is foot scald?

Answer 38

caused by fusobacterium necrophorum-->cause mild-mod lameness wet conditions (NOT contagious) CS: interdigital dermatitis sometimes also involve the heel bulbs TX: footbaths, dry clean pasture

Question 39

What is strawberry foot?

Answer 39

Caused by dermatophilus cogolensis scabs and contaminated ground remain inefective for LONG periods (summer/high morbidity) CS: proliferative dermatitis (scabs pile up from coronet to hock/knee, no itching/lameness TX: self heal in 5-6 weeks

Question 40

What is the disease agent for Caceous Lymphadenitis?

Answer 40

cornebacterium psuedotuburculosis