Small Ruminant Questions

Question 1

Which one of the following diseases has an effective vaccination for prevention in sheep?

• Listeriosis
• Foot rot
• Johne’s disease
• Scrapie
• Caprine arthritis encephalitis

Answer 1

Foot rot​

Question 2

What element should be added to the ration when there is an outbreak of urethral calculi in a sheep facility?

Answer 2

calcium

Question 3

What is the most likely diagnosis for this sheep noted to be grazing on the knees?

Answer 3

ovine foot rot

Question 4

Which one of the following is a reportable chronic wasting neurological disease of sheep?

• Paratuberculosis
• Scrapie
• Babesiosis
• Cryptosporidiosis
• Coccidiosis

Answer 4

Scrapie​

Question 5

T/F: Scrapie is a disease mostly of sheep, although any sheep or goat breed may be affected

Answer 5

True

The disease is characterized by an insidious onset of clinical signs and affects the Suffolk breed primarily because of a genetic predisposition. There is no treatment for this disease​

Question 6

T/F: Treatment of caseous lymphadenitis with large doses of antibiotics usually results in resolution of disease within 2 months

Answer 6

False

There is no effective treatment for this organism. This organism will produce a very strong capsule around the abscess, which prevents antibacterials from entering and working. Surgery is not considered because the infection could be around vital organs. People have tried other treatments but no cure for the disease​

Question 7

Which breed of goat is characterized by having a white coat color & higher level of milk production?

Answer 7

Saanen

Question 8

T/F: With regard to Pink Eye in goats, treated animals recover more quickly than non-treated ones

Answer 8

False

Therapy may prolong recovery and lead to quicker reinfection

Question 9

Which of the following species can be infected with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

• Sheep
• Goats
• Deer
• All of the above

Answer 9

All of the above​

Question 10

Scrapie is a disease mostly of sheep, although any sheep or goat breed may be affected. The disease is characterized by an insidious onset of clinical signs and affects the __________ breed primarily because of a genetic predisposition

Answer 10

Suffolk

There is no treatment for this disease

Question 11

T/F: The CAE virus is primarily transmitted to kids via direct contact after birth

Answer 11

False

CAE virus is primarily transmitted to kids via colostrum

Question 12

Identify the condition observed in this goat. Is it contagious?

Answer 12

Pink eye

• Zoonotic
• Etiology: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and secondary infection with Branhamella ovis
• Treatment: Oxytetracycline

Question 13

A producer wants to minimize the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia in a flock of crossbred ewes. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?

• Add chloretetracycline to the ration that is fed to the ewes in late gestation
• Reduce feeding concentrates and limit exercise during the last trimester
• Target genetic selection from the ewe flock and the breeding ram to produce single lambs rather than multiples
• Target the plane of nutrition to avoid extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewe
• Vaccinate the pregnant ewe with C. perfringens types C and D approximately 4 weeks before they are due to lamb

Answer 13

Target the plane of nutrition to avoid extremes in body condition in the pregnant ewe​

Question 14

What is the scientific name for the nasal bot in sheep? What clinical signs are associated with nasal bots?

Answer 14

Oestrus ovis

Clinical signs include mucopurulent nasal discharge, sneezing, sniffling

Question 15

What is the primary clinical sign of iodine deficiency in lambs?

Answer 15

Goiter (thyroid enlargement)

Question 16

The most common cause of death in lambs dying at more than one day of age is __________

Answer 16

starvation

due to either mis-mothering or hypothermia​

Question 17

What is the most economically important parasite in sheep and goats?

Answer 17

Haemonchus contortus (Barber Pole Worm)

Question 18

For what trait is the callipyge gene noted?

Answer 18

muscular development

Question 19

Tentative diagnosis of Listeriosis in small ruminants is based on:

Answer 19

CSF tap with increased monocytes and protein

Question 20

The __________ sheep breed is affected with the callipyge and spider-leg genes

Answer 20

Suffolk​

Question 21

T/F: For optimum protection, sheep or goats should be vaccinated against tetanus once after weaning followed by an annual booster

Answer 21

False

For optimum protection, sheep or goats should be vaccinated against tetanus twice after weaning followed by an annual booster

Question 22

The finding of glucosuria in a moribund 6 week old lamb with a very good body condition would be presumptive evidence of:

Answer 22

Enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens type D

Question 23

T/F: Haemonchus infections in sheep result in diarrhea as a clinical sign

Answer 23

False

Clinical signs include poor growth and productivity, lacrimation, wool matted to face, and anemia

Question 24

“Hard bag” and listlessness are commonly associated with __________ in sheep

Answer 24

pneumonia

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia ​(OPP)

Question 25

The two sheep on the right are affected with a genetic condition that results in enlarged muscles around the pelvic area. The gene that has been identified with this condition is known:

Answer 25

**Callipyge gene**

Question 26

Which one of the following diseases would be considered most contagious in dairy goats? * Polioencephalomalacia * Listeriosis * Enterotoxemia * Tetanus * Caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 26

**Caseous lymphadenitis​**

Question 27

Which one of the following is the primary clinical sign of vitamin E deficiency in lambs? * Rickets * Stiffness of the hind legs * Opisthotonus * Normocytic, homochromic anemia * Goiter

Answer 27

**Stiffness of the hind legs**

Question 28

The most common form of selenium-vitamin E deficiency is known as:

Answer 28

**White Muscle Disease**

Question 29

A female sheep is usually called a __________ while a male sheep is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

A female sheep is usually called a **_ewe_** while a male sheep is called a **_ram_**

Question 30

What Kenyan sheep breed is important because of innate parasite resistance?

Answer 30

**Red Masai**

Question 31

What is the therapy of choice for lead toxicosis in sheep?

Answer 31

**Calcium versenate IV**

Question 32

Which one of the following practices has been associated with tetanus outbreaks in cattle and sheep? * Ear tagging * Footrot vaccination * Clostridium vaccination * Elastration of tails * Hoof trimming

Answer 32

**Elastration of tails**

Question 33

A feeding technique used with ewes to increase ovulation rates is known as:

Answer 33

**flushing**

Question 34

If a Iamb was found down this morning unable to move or rise with a history of tail docking and castration two weeks ago with rubber bands, what is your primary tentative diagnosis? * Blunt trauma * Clostridial disease * Anthrax * Brisket edema * Acute parasitic disease

Answer 34

**Clostridial disease​**

Question 35

Weight loss of a whole flock of ewes accompanied by apparent appetite increase would be suggestive of __________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

**parasites or pregnancy​**

Question 36

*Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis* is: * Facultative intracellular * A protozoa * Non-zoonotic * Acid-fast staining

Answer 36

**Facultative intracellular​**

Question 37

A young goat is called a __________ while a young sheep is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

A young goat is called a **_kid_** while a young sheep is called a **_lamb_**

Question 38

What is the therapy of choice for **polioencephalomalacia** in goats?

Answer 38

**Thiamine hydrochloride**

Question 39

Which one of the following is used as a vaccine for parapox virus in sheep? * Bacterin * Modified live virus * Live virus * Killed virus * Toxoid

Answer 39

**Live virus​**

Question 40

Identify this breed of Russian sheep noted for its fecundity:

Answer 40

**Romanov**

Question 41

How is the meningeal worm transmitted from deer to small ruminants?

Answer 41

**By ingestion of snails or slugs which may be intermediate hosts​**

Question 42

A useful and practical therapy for hypoglycemic lambs, kids or piglets is: * 50% glucose IP * 20% glucose IP * 20% glucose orally * 20% glucose IV

Answer 42

**20% glucose IP**

Question 43

A multi-horned breed of sheep with a spotted coat color is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 43

**_Jacob_**

Question 44

What bacterial organisms are most associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep and goats?

Answer 44

***Mycoplasma*** and ***Chlamydia*** ## Footnote *The disease is known as pink eye and is both zoonotic and contagious The drug of choice for therapy is oxytetracycline*

Question 45

How is the OPP virus transmitted from dam to offspring?

Answer 45

**colostrum**

Question 46

What vitamin deficiency is associated with the disease condition causing this clinical sign in sheep?

Answer 46

**Thiamine**

Question 47

A 4-H member handled some lambs about a week ago at the county fair. Now he has developed lesions. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 47

**contagious ecthyma**

Question 48

A castrated male sheep or goat is termed a:

Answer 48

**wether**

Question 49

While dogs may be essential to the management of many sheep flocks, they have the potential for spreading disease to sheep. Among the diseases which they might spread is: * Louping ill * Scrapie * Ovine progressive pneumonia * Lungworms * Tapeworm cysts

Answer 49

**tapeworm cysts**

Question 50

The control of external parasites such as lice may be a problem in __________ goats due to long fleece.

Answer 50

**Angora**

Question 51

One of the most common causes of chronic lameness in sheep is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, associated with Bacteroides (Dichelobacter). In goats, chronic lameness is often associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a viral infection.

Answer 51

One of the most common causes of chronic lameness in sheep is **_foot rot_**, associated with Bacteroides (Dichelobacter). In goats, chronic lameness is often associated with **_CAE_**, a viral infection.

Question 52

T/F: it’s possible to include both vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals in an ELISA screening program and get accurate results

Answer 52

**False**

Question 53

Which one of the following diseases would be considered most contagious in dairy goats? * Polioencephalomalacia * Caseous lymphadenitis * Enterotoxemia * Tetanus * Listeriosis

Answer 53

**Caseous lymphadenitis​**

Question 54

What condition is associated with the Tennessee Fainting Goat breed?

Answer 54

**Myotonia congenita**

Question 55

T/F: Proper vaccination for CLA will usually eliminate the risk of most new infections and sometimes cures infected animals

Answer 55

**False**

Question 56

Sheep are particularly susceptible to which of the following elements? * Cobalt * Iron * Molybdenum * Copper * Manganese

Answer 56

**Copper​**

Question 57

What is the most common clinical manifestation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus infection in young goats _less than a year of age_?

Answer 57

**Leukoencephalomyelitis​**

Question 58

Of the following sheep breeds, which one has the characteristic of being able to lamb at any time of the year? * Suffolk * Southdown * Dorset * Merino * Cheviot

Answer 58

**Dorset​**

Question 59

What is the approximate age of this sheep?

Answer 59

**~2 to 2.5 years**

Question 60

T/F: Treatment of caseous lymphadenitis with large doses of antibiotics usually results in resolution of disease within a couple months

Answer 60

**False** *There is no effective treatment for this organism :(*

Question 61

Jacob sheep are used as a biological model to study *which human disease syndrome*?

Answer 61

**Tay-Sachs disease​**

Question 62

T/F: Culling of infected animals with CLA isn’t necessary due to the fact that the disease isn’t communicable

Answer 62

**False**

Question 63

T/F: There are two forms of caseous lymphadenitis: internal and external

Answer 63

**True** *Sheep often have internal abscesses. Goats often have external abscesses*

Question 64

**Contagious ecthyma** is also known as __________ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 64

Contagious ecthyma is also known as **_scabby mouth_** or **_orf_****.** ## Footnote *This viral disease is most often seen in lambs and kids and is zoonotic​*

Question 65

Identify this heat tolerant beef breed developed in the Caribbean:

Answer 65

**Virgin Island White**

Question 66

T/F: Culling is an effective control measure for caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants

Answer 66

**True**

Question 67

The most common cause of post-weaning growth retardation in lambs is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 67

**parasitism​** *Other causes might be low quality or low quantity feed​*

Question 68

Which test gives a definitive diagnosis of CLA?

Answer 68

**culture and isolation**

Question 69

Most cases of __________ toxicosis are an acute expression of a chronic problem. This element is closely linked to molybdenum.

Answer 69

**copper**

Question 70

What is a common method of transmission of CLA?

Answer 70

**draining abscesses**

Question 71

A disease of small ruminants characterized by CNS signs including circling & facial nerve paralysis with zoonotic implications is:

Answer 71

**Listeriosis**

Question 72

A **Toggenburg** goat can be identified by which of the following color markings or characteristics? * Long floppy ears, body any color * Erect ears, body white in color * Black stripes on sides of face, body brown with black underbelly * White stripes in face, body any color * White stripes on face, body brown in color

Answer 72

**White stripes on face, body brown in color​**

Question 73

A herd of goats with pruritic, crusty lesions on the pastern areas would most likely be affected with:

Answer 73

**chorioptic mange**

Question 74

Recovery from pregnancy toxemia is unlikely once __________ has developed.

Answer 74

**coma/recumbency**

Question 75

A clinical finding in the cerebrospinal fluid that tends to confirm listeriosis is:

Answer 75

**increased protein and mononuclear cells**

Question 76

What sheep breed has the characteristic of being able to lamb at any time of the year?

Answer 76

**Dorset**

Question 77

Which of the following signs are typical of sheep with CLA? * Chronic weight loss * Intense pruritus * Vestibular signs * Lameness

Answer 77

**Chronic weight loss**

Question 78

Which one of the following tests would be most accurate in diagnosing the suspected viral cause of a swollen carpus in a goat? * PCR test * AGID test * ELISA test * Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing * Joint aspiration and cytological evaluation

Answer 78

**ELISA test**

Question 79

In addition to depressed growth and anemia, __________ deficiency produces effects on the wool, namely loss of crimp.

Answer 79

**Copper**

Question 80

A flock of sheep was showing clinical signs of Iethargy and anemia. A couple of lambs had died. Other sheep were grinding their teeth and showing extreme thirst. Which one of these elements would be at the top of your differential diagnosis of toxicity? * Iodine * Selenium * Copper * Fluorine * Sodium

Answer 80

**Copper**

Question 81

Which one of these breeds originated in Switzerland? * Oberhasli * Boer * Nubian * Friesian * Limousine

Answer 81

**Oberhasli​**

Question 82

Which of the following sheep breeds is noted for the fine quality of its fleece? * Awassi * Merino * Katahdin * Romney * Friesian

Answer 82

**Merino**

Question 83

Polioencephalomalacia is a metabolic disease of small ruminants associated with a relative deficiency of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 83

**thiamine**

Question 84

T/F: The Hampshire breed of sheep is noted to have the ability to have a litter of lambs at one time

Answer 84

**False** *The **_Romanov_** breed of sheep is noted to have the ability to have a litter of lambs at one time*

Question 85

T/F: In pregnancy toxemia, glucose therapy is associated with decreased survival rates

Answer 85

**True** *Pregnancy toxemia of ruminants may be accompanied by an elevated blood glucose level. Glucose given to an animal with hyperglycemia can increase the death rate*

Question 86

T/F: A common etiology of bacterial pneumonia in sheep is *Mannheimia hemolytica*

Answer 86

**True**

Question 87

Name the parasite most likely to be associated with the clinical sign shown in this kid:

Answer 87

**Haemonchus contortus**

Question 88

T/F: Culling animals affected with caseous lymphadenitis is not necessary due to the fact that the disease is not communicable

Answer 88

**False** *Contact with draining abscess is a common method of spread*

Question 89

What is the best treatment for the meningeal worm that sometimes affects small ruminants?

Answer 89

**High levels of Fenbendazole (3-10x the normal dose)**

Question 90

Live animal testing of sheep for scrapie involves examination of:

Answer 90

**lymphoid tissue from the 3^rd eyelid**

Question 91

Why are Mannheimia-induced pneumonias only observed in goats, sheep, and cattle?

Answer 91

**ruminant-specific leukotoxin**

Question 92

What is the causative organism of **caseous lymphadenitis** in small ruminants?

Answer 92

***Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis​*** *Organism lives in the environment for a very **long** period of time (up to ~6 months) and transmission occurs by shearing, discharge from abscesses*

Question 93

T/F: In goats the intersex condition is linked to the hornless gene

Answer 93

**True**

Question 94

T/F: A common etiology of bacterial pneumonia in sheep is Mannheimia hemolytica

Answer 94

**True**

Question 95

T/F: Mild iodine tincture is recommended for disinfection of the umbilicus of Iambs, kids, calves and foals

Answer 95

**True**