Smart and Modern Materials Flashcards
(26 cards)
Smart Materials
React to external stimulus/changes in the environment without the intervention of humans
Modern Materials
Evolve with technology as they are developed through the invention of new or improved manufacturing processes
Photochromic Pigments
React to changes in UV/light levels. Pigments darken as light level increases.
Expensive and dependent on UV levels
Thermochromic Pigment
Pigments sensitive to temperature. Crystals reorientated causing a change in colour. Available in crystals or dyes.
Electroluminescent Wire
Wire that emits light due to the passage of electric current. Usually semiconductors.
Adv:
- Thin, lightweight, strong, reliable, no glare, 80% efficient
Disadv:
- Limited life span
Phosphorescent Pigment
Made from phosphors which produce light without emission of heat. A low-intensity light that lasts a long time.
Smart Memory Alloy
Folded to form a shape and returns to original shape when heated to 90C.
Adv:
- Conduct electricity and forms complex shapes
Dis Adv:
- Expensive compared to normal metals such as steel or copper wire
Kevlar
Fibre formed to create long chain polyamide.
Adv:
- Hight tensile strength to weight, flexible, combined with other molecules
Dis Adv:
- Absorbs moisture, reacts to compressive forces, difficult to cut and shape, reacts badly to UV
Piezoelectric Materials
Materials that create electricity when subjected to mechanical stress and vice versa.
High-temperature sensitivity
Precious Metal Clay
Craft material; with microscopic particles of gold, silver and other metal bound in a pliable medium.
Adv:
- Inexpensive compared to solid metals like silver, easy to mould and shape, quickset - 10 mins at 700C
Dis Adv:
- Shrink when set by 10%, quick work
Graphene
Very thin layer of carbon extracted from graphite. Nano material with honeycomb structure
Adv:
- lightweight, strong, transparent
Dis Adv:
- Expensive
High density modelling foam
Polyurethane -> closed cell foam blocks
Adv:
- Lightwieght, easy to work with
Dis Adv:
- Expensive emits chemicals
Polymorph
Reshapeable thermoplastic supplied as granules. At 62C can be moulded and shaped.
Nanomaterials
Precise manipulation of tiny particles one billionth of a normal particle
Cant be recucled and potential toxicity
Uses of Photochromic materials
sunglass lenses, ink, camera filters, nail varnish
Uses of Thermochromic materials
baby food containers, kettles, kitchen appliances and battery test strips
Uses of Electroluminescent Wire
Used in costumes
Uses of Phosphorescent Pigment
Used in safety signs and watch faces
Uses of Smart Memory Alloys
Used in batteries and braces
Uses of Kevlar
Used in tyres, vests, canoes, aircraft
Uses of Piezoelectric Materials
Used in airbag sensors, keyless door entry, ultrasonic and sonar technologies.
Uses of Precious Metal Clay
Jewellry
Uses of Graphene
Used in solar panels, phones, drug delivery, vehicle paint and touchscreens
Uses of High density modelling foam
Modelling
