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1
Q

Transudative vs Exudative effusions

A

Exudative
Plueral-serum protein >.5
Pleural-serum LDH >.6

Exudative-when the membranes have increased permeability or disruption of lymph drainage

Transudative- difference in oncotic pressure

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2
Q

Presentation of Dermatomyositis

And what illness is associated with it

A

Shawl sign-Rash on the face, neck, shoulders, chest
Heliotrope Rash - Rash involving the eyelids

Associated with Cancer in 25% of cases

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3
Q

Which Drug is used to stimulate contractions in the uterus

A

Oxytocin

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4
Q

Manifestations of Tumor Lysis syndrome (kidney failure after acute chemo)

A

increased Phosphorus, potassium, uric acid

Decreased Calcium

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5
Q

Difference between Dipyridamole/adensoine stress test vs Dobutamine

A

Dipyridamole/adenosine vasodilator vessels which increases blood flow. but the unstenosed get wayyy more blood than the stenotic -shows the difference

Dobutamine- increased myocardial oxygen consumption to provoke ischemic changes

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6
Q

Pain along the tendon sheaths

A

Gonnococemia

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7
Q

What drug is used to promote passing of kidney stones

A

Tamsulosin

a-1-antagonist that relaxes the muscle and decrease intraurethral pressure

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8
Q

Breastfeeding contraindications

A 
Active TB
HIV
Herpetic breast lesion
Varicella
Chemo or substance use
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9
Q

Treatment given for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

BetaBlockers / CCBs

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10
Q

What should you check in ANY clavicle fracture

A

Angiogram to rule out any damage to the subclavian artery

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11
Q

AntiPsychotic meds and the effects on Dopamine brain pathway

A

Mesolimbic-antipsychotic efficacy
Nigrostriatal- EPS symptoms: Dystonia,akasthesia, parkinsonism
Tuberoinfundibular-Hyperprolactinemia

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12
Q

Management for Ecclampsia

A

Magnesium sulfate
Antihypertensive drugs
Deliver the baby

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13
Q

What weeks do you consider amniocentesis / chorionic villus sampling?

A

Chorionic villus sampling: 10-13 weeks

Amniocentesis: 15-20 weeks

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14
Q

Teenage athlete with knee pain, tenderness on the tibial tubercle
pain elicited by extension of the knee against resistance

A

OSgood-Schlater

aka traction apophysitis

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15
Q

What is serum sickness-like reaction? which drugs can cause it

A

fever, joint pain, rash after starting antibiotics

Beta lactams/ sulfa drugs

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16
Q

Cough lasting greater than 5 days, yellowish sputum, maybe some blood in there. tx?

A

Acute bronchitis

supportive

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17
Q

CML translocation - which type of drugs affect it

A 
9;22 philedelphia BCR-ABL
Tyrosine Kinase (duh)
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18
Q

Which vaccine should you consider in a person getting ready to travel overseas

A

Hep A

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19
Q

What is a Marjolin ulcer

A

An Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lesion arising at the site of the burn

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20
Q

Whats the screening test for ovarian cancer

A

There is none

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21
Q

What type of murmurs do you work up?

A

Grade 3/+ systolic

or ANY diastolic

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22
Q

what does EKG look like for pericarditis

A

Electric alternans
DIFFUSE ST elevation
PR DEPRESSION

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23
Q

Whats becks triad

what is it a sign of

A

JVD, muffled Heart sounds, HYPOtension

Cardiac tamponade - pulsus paradoxes

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24
Q

Tx for vasovagal syncope

A

Beta blocker

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25
What do you give to treat akisthesia (restlessness)
Beta blocker
26
First thing to think of if you see "guarding" on physical exam. and what test should you get?
Bowel perf | Abdominal/chest xray
27
whats the mnemonic for baby ekgs
``` VEAL CHOP varied-cord compression early- head compression (normal) A? Late-placenal insufficiency ```
28
presentation/workup/ treatment of Sarcoidosis
Bilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy, Non caseating granulomas, Bells palsy, Heart block, restrictive cardiomyopathy, uveitis High Res CT Steroids
29
what makes the S4 sound?
"Stiff left ventricle" | i.e.- some type of ventricular hypertrophy
30
lytic bone lesion, onion skinning, moth eaten appearance?
Ewings sarcoma (teenagers)
31
MI locations based on EKG leads
V1-V6 = LAD (anterior) II, III, aVF = RCA (inferior) V1-V3 depression = LCX (posterior)
32
how do you treat hypercalcemia?
saline fusion and calcitonin | bones moans psychic overtones
33
Obese Adolescent with hip problems? | and whats the other one it gets confused with?
SCFE Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Legge-calve-perthes which is avascular necrosis of the ip in 5 year olds
34
How do you tell its follicular thyroid cancer?
Invasion of the tumor capsule/blood vessel
35
tx for PE
warfarin + heparin
36
Tx for COPD exacerbation what about stable COPD
O2, B-agonist, Oral steroids, Abs (FQ or Macrolides) SABA, anticholinergic (tropium)
37
Tx for CHF
B-blocker/CCB, diuretic
38
presentation/workup/ treatment of Sarcoidosis
Bilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy, Non caseating granulomas, Bells palsy, Heart block, restrictive cardiomyopathy, uveitis High Res CT Steroids
39
Wtf is Choanal atresia
its an atresia of the sinuses to where the baby can't breath thru his nose. so he turns cyanotic while feeding but gets better once he starts crying
40
Sidee effect of antithyroid drugs
agranulocytosis
41
How do you tell on phsyical exam its Frozen shoulder (Adhesive capsulitis)
Decreased ACTIVE & PASSIVE ROM
42
What is biomarker CA-125 used for?
Ovarian cancer (specifically post menopausal)
43
What does Protein C resistance cause?
Factor V Leiden
44
Treatment for Fibromyalgia
Amitriptyline (TCAs)
45
Schistocyes, Thrombocytopenia, renal damage, altered mental status
TTP Adamst 13 Tx-Plasmapharesis or FFP
46
Immune Thrombocytopenia tx?
Observation if its just cutaneous bruising IVIG if its worst
47
what infections are associated w/ Chronic Granulomatous Disease? how do you diagnose it?
Catalase (+) Nitroblue Tetrazolium -- (both test neutrophil function) Dihydrohodamine oxidative burst
48
Resistant HTN - abdominal bruit systolic/diastolic
Renal Artery stenosis
49
Cause of Acute Epididymitis
E. Coli
50
Sidee effect of antithyroid drugs
agranulocytosis
51
types of lung cancer and treatment
Small cell - chemo radiation non small cell Squamous - Adeno - non smoking
52
signs of HypOcalcemia
Perio Oral tingling Tetony Trousuea/chevoskty sign
53
lab values for pagets dz | Tx?
Calcium/Phos normal Alk Phos - increased Urine Hydroxyproline - increased Bisphosphonates
54
What can Preeclampsia lead to in the baby?
Utero-placental insufficiency aka SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE
55
whats the inheritance of Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy HOCM
Autosomal dominant
56
Antihypertensives used in pregnancy
Methyldopa Labetalol Hydralazine
57
What are the outcomes in infants with diabetic mothers?
Respiratory distress Macrosomnia Preterm delivery
58
jaundice, weight loss, vague abdominal pain (no vomiting)
pancreas problem
59
which knee injury results from twisting?
Meniscal tear | pain is immediate but swelling is slowww
60
when do you prophylax for dental procedures
prosthetic heart valve, or previous endocarditis
61
most common ovarian tumor in post menopausal
epithelial ovarian carcinoma
62
Renal failure, hypercalcemia, anemia | should make you think of what?
Multiple myeloma
63
how often should peeps get mammograms colonoscopy when do pap smears get discontinued?
mamamogram- every 2 years colonoscopy - every 10 years at age 65
64
tx for cholecystitis
NPO, IV fluids, antibiotics | + cholecystectomy
65
tx for cholecystitis
NPO, IV fluids, antibiotics | + cholecystectomy
66
Antibodies for Celiac dz
Anti TTG anti endomesyial "blunting of the villi"
67
what is HELLP syndrome and what are the treatments
Hemolysis Elevated liver enzymes Low platelets DELIVERY magnesium (for siezures) antihypertensives RUQ pain from dissension of the liver capsule
68
pRBC FFP Cryoprecipitate
packed RBCs-fixes anemia FFP-replaces clotting factors (bleeding) Cryo-replace fibrinogen (DIC)
69
How do you test for cushings syndrome/dz
Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test late night cortisol 24 hr cortisol excretion
70
what is the side effect of hydroxychloroquine?
Retinal toxicity
71
Lateral ventricuhttps://www.brainscape.com/packslar enlargement
Schizophrenia
72
which deficiency does carcinoid syndrome cause?
Niacin - due to the increased production of serotonin/tryptophan
73
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 vs type 2
1- cafe au lait, axillary freckles | 2- Cataracts / bilateral acoustic neuromas
74
How to fix hyperK quickly
Insulin/glucose B agonists sodium bicarb
75
digeorge syndrome
``` CATCH 22 Cotruncal abnormalities Abnormal facies Thymic aplasia Cleft palate HypOcalcemia ```
76
Thyroid resection can lead to which deficiency?
HypoCalcemia
77
Tx for minimal change dz?
Steroids
78
Whats the tx for endometritis
Clinda & Gentamicin
79
which abdominal symptom can HSP lead to?
Intussusception
80
reversal for warfarin
FFP
81
pap smear dates?
begin at 21 - 30 (every 3 years) | 30 -65 (every 5 years)
82
Colonoscopy dates?
begin @ 50 (every 10 years)
83
Lung cancer screening?
low dose ct @ 55 (if smoker)
84
Tetanus vaccine?
every 10 years
85
When to screen for osteoporosis
DEXA scan @ 65
86
what acid base status does ASPIRIN cause?
Tinnitus/hyperventalation Respiratory alkalosis --->metabolic acidosis increased anion gap
87
Treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning
100% oxygen | if severe --->Hyperbaric oxygen
88
Tx for methemoglobin
methylene blue!
89
Tx for methemoglobin
methylene blue!
90
tx for organophosphates?
pralidoxime/atropine
91
Tx for lead poisoning
Chelating agents like Succimer/dimercaprol
92
initial treatment for PULSELESSNESS
CPR you dummy
93
``` Txs for Asystole VFib Vtach? Afib SVT ```
``` Asystole-epinephrine Vfib-Defib! -(unsynchronized) Vtach (pulseless) - Defib Vtach (hemo unstable) - cardiovert Vtach (hemo stable) - amiodarone, lidocaine, procainamide AFib- rate control/anticoag (CHADS) SVT- vagal maneuver --> adenosine ```
94
Prepattelar bursitis?
tenderness infant of patellar w/ hx of repeated pressure (concrete worker) Passive movement is painless
95
tx for asymptomatic bacteruria
Cephalexin, amox-clav, nitrofuration
96
most dangerous complication of Kawasaki?
coronary anuerysm
97
most dangerous complication of Marfans?
aortic dissection
98
SPIROMTERY for obstructive vs restrictive
Obstructive FEV1 - decreased FEV1/FVC - decreased (<70) Restrictive FEV1- FEV1/FVS - increased (>70) FVC - decreased
99
Risk factors for Breast Cancer
HRT Alcohol Nullparity
100
Main cause and tx of infective endocarditis
Straph aureus | Vanc
101
Lambert eaton, MG, polymyositis | which has loss of deep tendon reflex?
Lambert eaton
102
Most common brain tumor in kids
pilocytic astrocytoma
103
most common cause of lymphadenitis?
Staph A
104
diff between marfans and homocysteinuria
Homo has downward lens sublux and I.D
105
What is a key finding in psuedogout? in regards to the joint
Chondrocalcinosis
106
complications of placental abruption
Hypovolemic shock, DIC
107
Side effect of hydroxyurea
Myelosuppresion
108
Side effect of hydroxyurea
Myelosuppresion
109
Tamoxifen is an estrogen ag/antagonist? and where
estrogen Antagonist on breast (breast cancer) | Agonist on uterus
110
what problems does increased AFP levels indicate?
neural tube defects/abdominal wall defects
111
egg on a string
Transposition of vessles | require some type of PDA or shunt
112
how do infants with Diabetic mothers present?
Macrosomnia of all organs (polycythemia) jittery due to low blood glucose after birth VSD
113
diagnosis for PCOS besides clinical?
LH:FSH greater than 3
114
what does aromatase deficiency look like?
normal internal genetalia but ambiguous external you can't convert androgens into estrogen
115
hemi-hyperplasia
Beckwith wedelman | macrosomia/ macroglossia /abdominal wall defects
116
How do you tell ACL tear
rapid change of directions rapid deterioration popping sensation
117
how do you treat aspiration pneumonia?
clindamycin
118
VIRAL meningitis CSF analysis
normal glucose increased protein INCREAD LYMPHOCYTES
119
Treatment for anal fissures
sitz baths stool softeners Lidocaine/nifedipine
120
what is felty syndrome
arthritis Neutropenia splenomegaly

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