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Smartbook Flashcards

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1
Q

Augmentin (Amox + clav)

A

Best broad spectrum antibiotic for peds pts

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2
Q

myringotomy

A

tube in tympanic membrane for recurrent otitis media

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3
Q

c diff dx

A

toxin in stool

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4
Q

c diff tx

A

metronidazole

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5
Q

c diff toxins

A

toxins

a: attrack neutrophils
b: destroy cells by chomping up actin

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6
Q

hemophilia c

A

factor XI def

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7
Q

pilocytic astrocytoma prognosis

A

surgery cures kids of this brain tumor

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8
Q

periventricular calcifications

A

CMV

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9
Q

ependymoma population / histology

A

brain tumor in kids, pseudo rosettes

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10
Q

meduloblastoma population, location, histology

A

brain tumor in kids, cerebellum, homer-wright rosettes

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11
Q

pasamoma bodies

A

papillary thyroid CA, papilary serous cystadenoma of ovary, Prolactinoma, Papillary renal cell CA, memingioma, mesothelioma

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12
Q

schwannoma histology

A

two regions:
antoni A palisading nuclei around pink verocay bodies
antoni B short myxoid, loose

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13
Q

wallenberg syndrome

A

lateral medula, PICA, vestibular (vomiting, nystagmus), ipsi horners, ipsi face P/T, contra body P/T, ipsi cerebellar ataxia

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14
Q

eaton lambert syndrome

A

auto antibodies against presynaptic Ca++ channels in NMJ; paraneoplastic syndrome of small (oat) cell lung CA

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15
Q

paraneoplastic symptoms of small cell lung CA

A

ACTH, ADH, Eaton Lambert

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16
Q

squamous cell lung CA; histology and paraneoplastic syndrome

A

keratin pearls, desmosomes; PTHrP

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17
Q

hennoch shoenlein purpura

A

IgA, C3 deposits in skin (butt), abdominal pain, joint pain

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18
Q

wegners (polyangiits with granulomatosis)

A

common cause of saddle nose; oronasopharynx, lungs, kidney; tx: cyclophosphamide

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19
Q

PSGN EM deposit location, blood finding

A

sub-epithelial deposits, decreased C3

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20
Q

AML (M3) / APML

A

Causes DIC, Auer rods, t(15;17), Tx: ATRA

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21
Q

Tx for measles

A

ATRA

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22
Q

MInimal change dz population, tx

A

most common nephropathy in kids, Tx: corticosteroids

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23
Q

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis in diabetes vs. HTN

A

Diabetes aff and eff arterioles of kidney; vs. aff only in HTN

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24
Q

Don’t give antibiotics in this disease

A

mononucleosis; will cause rash!

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25
pseudotumor cerebri
increased CSF pressure; side effect of tetracycline, OCP, vit. A
26
psyllium
Fiber for GI disease (?)
27
theraputic trial
using a drug as a test to find out if someone responds
28
ketoconazole??
not used in candida esophagitis; instead use flucanazole
29
mature defense mechanisms
SASH: Sublimation, Altrusism, Suppression, Humor
30
Kallman syndrome
failure of GnRH cells to migrate to hypothalamus; anosmia + low LH, FSH, T
31
Association with Polyarteritis nodosum
HEP B!!!!!
32
Renal cell CA
mahogany color on gross; clear cell most common from the prox convoluted tubule; EPO
33
nerve running in piriform recess
interior laryngeal nerve; cough reflex
34
spleen location (ribs)
8-10
35
kidney location (ribs)
10-12 (remember CVA!)
36
Stains for fat
osmium, sudan stain, oil red
37
Vit E function
antioxidant; deficinecy--> oxidative stress
38
cyclophosphamide side effect (and how to prevent)
hemorrhagic cystitis (prevent with Mesna)
39
granuloma inguinale
finidng in Klebsiella
40
turner's syndrome
45 XO, high arched palate, **STREAKED OVARIES**, preductal coarctation of the AO, wide nipples, short
41
loeffler's
eosinophilia due to parasite infx, specifically in heart causes restrictive cardiomyopathy
42
MI histology at 4-12 hours
edema, punctuate hemorrhages, contraction bands
43
MI Tx
MONA: Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates (not nitroprusside), Aspirin
44
MAC/ MAI features
HIV pts with low CD4 count, grows at 41 deg C, reticuloendothelial cells
45
MAC / MAI prophylaxis and Tx
Px: Azithromycin, Tx: Azithromycin plus...ethambutol etc
46
Pneumocystis pneumonia PCP/ PJP Px and Tx
TMP/SMX, second line is dapsone (watch for G6PD)
47
Toxo Px and Tx
Px: TMP/SMX, Tx: Pyramethamine / Sulfadiazine
48
Foster kennedy syndrome
Frontal, midline meningioma --> anosmia
49
PCP (drug) finding
vertical nystagmus
50
A-a gradient calculation
PAO2 = 150- (PaCO2/.8) where A means Alveolar and a means arterial
51
rT3
inactive version of thyroid hormone; made accidentally in conversion of T4 --> T3 in periphery; tracks with T4
52
TIBG increases in response to
Estrogen, so increase in total T4, but not free T4 so no Sx
53
mTOR pathway drugs
Tacrolimus and cyclosporine inhibit IL-2 production; sirolimus inhibits IL-2 signaling within the cell
54
seborrhea
dandruff in Vit A excess
55
H flu requires
factors V (NAD+) and X (hemin), can use hemolysis from Staph aureus or grow on chocolate agar
56
h flu types
encapsulated HiB causes meningitis (vaccine from capule), untypable causes otitis media
57
what do Eos secrete to kill helminthes
major basic protein
58
one tx for multiple myeloma
thalidamide
59
ligament of treitz
hold up the end of the duodenum, marks beginning of jejunum
60
primary HSV 1 infx
fever, lymphadenophathy, sore throat, swollen gums, Tzanck smear with dark inclusions in multinucleated giant cells
61
rabies affects which parts of brain
most inflammation in medulla, but negri bodies in hippocampus and purkinje fibers of cerebellum
62
syphillis (t pallidum) Dx
dark field microscopy, but probably won't find; VDRL = anti cardiolipin antibodies screening test; ?FTA ABS = confirmation test, anti treponemal antibodies
63
causes of post op fever
Wind (lung collapse) water (UTI) wound (takes a few days)
64
Tx for tPA overdose
Aminocaproic acid (inhibits plasminogen-->plasmin)
65
contraindications for tPA
HTN >180/110, hx of hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke within 1 yr, dissecting aneurysm
66
dermatitis herpatiformis
IgA mediated, diarrhea related; Celiac, Crohn's
67
erythema nodosum
big pimple assoc w SARCOID, crohn's, fungal infx
68
What does insulin do?
BRINGS K INTO CELLS! Also sugar, but whatevs
69
At risk for sulfa rxn? What to avoid in kidney
THiazide and loop diuretics
70
Causes of anion gap acidosis
``` MUDPILERS Methanol Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosi Propylene glycol Isoniozid / Iron tablets Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol --> oxylate crystals Rhabdo Salicilates ```
71
Causes of non-anion gap acidosis
``` HARDASS Hyperalimentation Addisons disease Renal tubular acidosis Diarrhea Acetazolamide Spironolactone Saline infusion ```
72
peroxisomes
alpha oxidation of VERY long fatty acid chains, and branched fatty acid chains (pytanic acid); deficiency is zelwegger's sndrome
73
long chain fatty acid breakdown
carnetine shuttle, b oxidation
74
med-chain fatty acid breakdown
acyl CoA Dehydrotase deficiency
75
centrilobular necrosis of liver
acetamenophen tox
76
sarcoidosis tx
corticosteroids
77
ADPKD
also shows up in liver
78
Stroke histology
red neurons; microglia come in and eat up the dead cells
79
PCOS
increased estrogen; hirsutism
80
diabetes in lens
glucose ---A---> sorbitol ---B---> fructose A: aldose reductase B: sorbitol dehydrogenase
81
membranous nephritis EM /IF
Spike and dome
82
IgA deposits in kidney
mesangial
83
Kawasaki
young kids, bilateral conjunctivitis, red tongue, desquamative rash on hand and feet; Tx: ASA + IVIG
84
Kawasaki tx
Tx: ASA + IVIG
85
Methylmalonyl CoA mutase
last step before fatty acid enters kreb cycle -- and ISOMERIZATION (mutase); def = methylmalonic acid uria
86
Crohn's tx
corticosteroids, infliximab
87
pulmonary fibrosis is a side effect of
methotrexate, bleomycin, amiodarone
88
radionucleide biliary scan
inject stuff into ampulla and try to visualize gall baldder
89
neutropenia Sx
mouth ulcers! infections, fever
90
ticlopidine
anti ADP platelet drug; side effect of neutropenia; used in acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting
91
pentamidine
tx for african sleeping sickness, leishmania, PCP/PJP

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