SMASH Wrongs Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the seven classes of medications associated with acute pancreatitis?
Statins, ACE inhibitors, oral contraceptives/hormone replacement therapy (HRT), diuretics, antiretroviral therapy, valproic acid, oral hypoglycemic agents
These medications can contribute to the onset of acute pancreatitis.
What is Plummer–Vinson syndrome characterized by?
Difficulty in swallowing, iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis, cheilosis, fatigue, constipation, generalized weakness, esophageal webs
This syndrome is rare and often requires specific treatment.
What is the recommended first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?
Lactulose and lactitol
These agents help in reducing ammonia levels in the body.
What virus is a common cause of exudative pharyngitis and malaise?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
EBV is also linked to the development of B-cell lymphoma.
What rash is associated with EBV when taking amoxicillin?
Measles-like ‘amoxicillin rash’
This rash is also associated with ampicillin.
What is necrotizing fasciitis commonly known as?
Flesh-eating disease
It is a rare infection that spreads rapidly in subcutaneous tissues.
What is a hallmark finding in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)?
Albumino-cytologic dissociation
This indicates increased protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without a corresponding increase in cell count.
What is the causative agent of measles (rubeola)?
Paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus
Measles symptoms include cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a characteristic rash.
What is the treatment for cervicitis due to C.trachomatis?
1-g oral dose of Azithromycin
This treatment targets the infection effectively.
What are important biomarkers for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Nitrites for Gram negative bacteria, leukocyte esterase for bacterial infection
These biomarkers help in diagnosing UTIs.
What is St. Louis Encephalitis caused by?
Flavivirus carried by Culex species of mosquito
Similar to West Nile Virus and Japanese Encephalitis.
What is the primary cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
Acquired stem-cell disorder characterized by complement-induced hemolytic anemia
PNH is associated with thrombosis and red urine.
What are the common features used to define Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)?
Macroglossia, macrosomia, microcephaly, midline abdominal wall defects, ear creases or pits, neonatal hypoglycemia, hepatoblastoma, Wilms tumor
BWS is an overgrowth disorder with an increased risk of childhood cancers.
What is the chemotherapy regimen acronym for non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
CHOP
CHOP stands for Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin (vincristine), Prednisone.
What is the risk factor for developing multiple myeloma associated with age?
Risk increases with age; less than 1% diagnosed under 35, most cases are in those 65+
Multiple myeloma is predominantly a disease of the elderly.
What is mucoepidermoid carcinoma?
The most common type of salivary gland malignancy in adults
It is strongly linked with cytomegalovirus (CMV).
What is the standard of care to prevent fetal loss and maternal thrombosis in pregnancy?
Low-dose aspirin + prophylactic-dose heparin
This combination significantly reduces risks in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
What is a common feature of myelodysplasia?
Macrocytic anemia, low reticulocyte count, pancytopenia
The Pelger-Huet cell is a specific finding for this diagnosis.
