SMASH Wrongs Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

What are the seven classes of medications associated with acute pancreatitis?

A

Statins, ACE inhibitors, oral contraceptives/hormone replacement therapy (HRT), diuretics, antiretroviral therapy, valproic acid, oral hypoglycemic agents

These medications can contribute to the onset of acute pancreatitis.

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2
Q

What is Plummer–Vinson syndrome characterized by?

A

Difficulty in swallowing, iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis, cheilosis, fatigue, constipation, generalized weakness, esophageal webs

This syndrome is rare and often requires specific treatment.

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3
Q

What is the recommended first-line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Lactulose and lactitol

These agents help in reducing ammonia levels in the body.

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4
Q

What virus is a common cause of exudative pharyngitis and malaise?

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

EBV is also linked to the development of B-cell lymphoma.

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5
Q

What rash is associated with EBV when taking amoxicillin?

A

Measles-like ‘amoxicillin rash’

This rash is also associated with ampicillin.

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6
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis commonly known as?

A

Flesh-eating disease

It is a rare infection that spreads rapidly in subcutaneous tissues.

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7
Q

What is a hallmark finding in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)?

A

Albumino-cytologic dissociation

This indicates increased protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without a corresponding increase in cell count.

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8
Q

What is the causative agent of measles (rubeola)?

A

Paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus

Measles symptoms include cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a characteristic rash.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for cervicitis due to C.trachomatis?

A

1-g oral dose of Azithromycin

This treatment targets the infection effectively.

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10
Q

What are important biomarkers for urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A

Nitrites for Gram negative bacteria, leukocyte esterase for bacterial infection

These biomarkers help in diagnosing UTIs.

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11
Q

What is St. Louis Encephalitis caused by?

A

Flavivirus carried by Culex species of mosquito

Similar to West Nile Virus and Japanese Encephalitis.

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12
Q

What is the primary cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?

A

Acquired stem-cell disorder characterized by complement-induced hemolytic anemia

PNH is associated with thrombosis and red urine.

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13
Q

What are the common features used to define Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)?

A

Macroglossia, macrosomia, microcephaly, midline abdominal wall defects, ear creases or pits, neonatal hypoglycemia, hepatoblastoma, Wilms tumor

BWS is an overgrowth disorder with an increased risk of childhood cancers.

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14
Q

What is the chemotherapy regimen acronym for non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

CHOP

CHOP stands for Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin (vincristine), Prednisone.

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15
Q

What is the risk factor for developing multiple myeloma associated with age?

A

Risk increases with age; less than 1% diagnosed under 35, most cases are in those 65+

Multiple myeloma is predominantly a disease of the elderly.

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16
Q

What is mucoepidermoid carcinoma?

A

The most common type of salivary gland malignancy in adults

It is strongly linked with cytomegalovirus (CMV).

17
Q

What is the standard of care to prevent fetal loss and maternal thrombosis in pregnancy?

A

Low-dose aspirin + prophylactic-dose heparin

This combination significantly reduces risks in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

18
Q

What is a common feature of myelodysplasia?

A

Macrocytic anemia, low reticulocyte count, pancytopenia

The Pelger-Huet cell is a specific finding for this diagnosis.