Smoking And Clinical Infectious Disease Flashcards
List 5 infectious disease conditions associated with smoking
- Respiratory tract disease
(Invasive pneumococcal disease, community-acquired pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis) - periodontitis due to inadequate responses in periodontal issues
- meningococcal disease
- surgical wound infections due to decreased tissue oxygen and decreased collagen production (which leads to impaired wound healing
Describe how different constituents of smoking cigarettes can cause harmn
Nicotine
- Increased levels of circulating catecholamines
Resulting in the modest increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral vascular tone. … increased risk of accelerated hypertension, delayed wound healing - Increases the metabolic rate and suppresses the appetite, resulting in a lower than average body weight
Describe how different constituents of smoking cigarettes can cause harmn
Tar
Is the principal source of carcinogens in cigarette smoke
Describe how different constituents of smoking cigarettes can cause harmn
Carbon monoxide
- binds to haemoglobin
- reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
- in pregnancy this cause fetal hypoxia and is thought to be the most important cause for adverse effects of smoking on the fetus
Describe how different constituents of smoking cigarettes can cause harm
Oxidant gases
- increases the tendency of the blood to clot by their effects on the platelets and the endothelial of blood vessels
- this increases the risk of myocardial infarction amd stroke
Describe how different constituents of smoking cigarettes can cause harm
Substances other than nicotine
Are thought to
- Alter the lipid profile and accelerate the development of atheroma, causing cardiovascular disease
- Increase gastric acidity and the risk of peptic ulceration
Describe the need and purpose for smoking cessation service
EC containing nicotine increases the chances of stopping smoking in the long term compared to EC without nicotine. ….
State the risks of passive smoking
Children and babies who live with smoker
- prone to asthma and ear, nose and chest infections
- increased risk of dying from cot death
- more likely than average to become smokers themselves when older
- on average, do less well at reading and reasoning skills compared with children in smoke-free homes, even at low levels of smoke exposure
- at increased risk of developing COPD and cancer as adults
State risks of smoking in pregnancy
- miscarriage
- slowing the growth of the baby, leading to a low birth weight
- premature labour, leading to the baby being premature
- still birth
State immediate effects of stop smoking
20 minutes - your heart rate drops
12 hours-the carbon monoxide levels in your blood drops to normal
Two weeks to 3 months-your heart attack risk begins to drop . Your long function begins improve.
One year-your added risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smokers.
Five years-your risk is reduced to that of a non-smokers 5 to 15 years after quitting
10 years-your lung cancer death risk is about half that of a smokers. Your risk of cancer is in the mouth, throat, oesophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases
15 years-your risk of coronary heart disease is back to that of a non-smokers
Available formulations of NRT and be able to recommend
- nicotine gum
- nicotine patches
- nicotine inhaltor
- nicotine tablets/lozenges
- nicotine nasal spray
- nicotine mouth spray
Which 2 formulations of NRT can be in PGD and how are they taken
Bdh
Discuss the evidence of electronic cigarettes
Hshd
State 2 formulations of NRT that can be obtained via PGD
- show how they are taken
A
Discuss the relationship between smoking and infectious disease
A
