Smoking and Periodontal Disease Flashcards
(42 cards)
what organs of the body is smoking harmful to?
almost every organ
what are the diseases associated with smoking?
- lung cancer
- heart disease
- stroke
- emphysema
- bronchitis
- cancers of the oral cavity, bladder, kidney, stomach, liver, cervix
approximately half of long term smokers will…. ?
- die early as a result of smoking
- loose an average of 20 years of life
what diseases cause the most deaths in smokers?
- lung cancer
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- coronary artery disease
what are the phases and contents of tobacco smoke?
- gaseous phase and solid (particulate) phase
- thousands of noxious chemicals
what is the particulate phase?
nicotine “tar” - benzene and benzopyrene
- tar is inhaled with smoke and in its condensed form it is the sticky brown substance that stains fingers and teeth
what is nicotine and what does it cause?*
a highly addictive compound that causes
- a raise in blood pressure
- increased heart rate
- increased respiratory rate
- peripheral vasoconstriction
where is nicotine found and how is it absorbed?
- found in the tobacco leaf
- when a cigarette is lit it evaporates and is inhaled and absorbed in the lungs where it travels to the brain (10-19 secs)
how does cigarette smoking contribute to periodontal disease?
cigarette smoking is associated with lower oxygen delivery in the periodontal pockets which is favorable for growth of anaerobic bacteria
- favors early acquisition and colonization of perio pathogens in oral biofilms
what are the types of smokeless tobacco products?
- ground/grated + salts and water as “moist snuff” in a tea bag like sachet that is placed under the lip
- powder “dry snuff” that is snorted
- coarsely cut and placed into the cheek
what is Snus and what cancer is it linked to?
- smokeless tobacco popular in Sweden that claims to have lower levels of carcinogens
- link to pancreatic cancer but not mouth or lung
what is the protocol for documenting cigarette smoking in the dental field?
- all patients must be asked their smoking status or use (be specific)
- current smokers: ask about current and past smoking
- former smokers: ask about past smoking
why is it important to ask a current smoker about their current AND past usage?
cumulative exposure
- someone who says they currently only smoke 1 cig a day may have been smoking a pack a day in the past
How is smoking a major risk factor for periodontitis?
it effects the prevalence, extent and severity of the disease
- almost half of periodontitis cases attribute to smoking due to the impact of smoking on initiation, progression and management
smoking has an adverse impact on the clinical outcome of…?
non surgical and surgical therapy as well as the long-term success of implant placement
what human systems does smoking effect and what does this cause?
- immune system
- cellular and humoral inflammatory systems
- affects soluble molecules in bodily fluids to fight infections and inflammation
what effects does smoking have on gingivitis?
- the development of inflammation in response to plaque accumulation is reduced in smokers
(less clinical gingival inflammation in smokers)
what effects does smoking have on periodontitis?
- major risk factor for increasing the prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction
- increase in pocket depth, attachment loss and alveolar bone loss
- smokers are 4x more likely to have periodontitis
how does the odds of having periodontitis decline in relation to smoking?
the more years that a person has quit smoking declines periodontitis odds
current smokers are ____ times more likely to have SEVERE periodontitis
3
how is bone loss effected by smoking in periodontitis patients?
- bone loss is 2x as rapid in smokers than non smokers even in the presence of plaque control
- tooth loss is also increased
- clinical attachment loss increases
why does smoking cause pleasure?
when nicotine is inhaled the brain releases dopamine and adrenaline requiring increasing amounts to achieve same level of pleasure due to tolerance
how does smoking effect bacterial-host interactions?
- alters the interactions leading to more extensive periodontal breakdown
- an imbalance between bacterial challenges and host response
how is the subgingival biofilm different in smokers and non smokers?
higher levels of tannerella forsythia and 2.3x more likely to harbor harbor T. forsynthia
- also increase in A. actinomyeces and P. gingivitis
