smt Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is density?
Density is the amount of mass within each metre cubed of a material.
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass/Volume; D = m/V.
How are particles arranged in higher density materials compared to lower density materials?
Higher density materials have particles packed closer together than those with a lower density.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
How can you describe the properties of solids, liquids, and gases?
Properties are described in terms of particle arrangement and motion.
What is the process to calculate the density of objects?
Take measurements to calculate the density of both regular and irregular shaped objects.
What types of energy do particles in a material have?
Particles have both potential and kinetic energy.
What is internal energy?
Internal energy is the total sum of all the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in the material.
What happens when a material is heated?
Heating transfers energy to particles causing either a change of temperature or a change of state.
What factors affect the rate of temperature change when heating a material?
The material type, the mass, and the amount of energy input.
What changes of state should be recognized and described?
Freezing, melting, boiling/evaporating, condensing, and sublimating.
What is a change of state?
A physical change in which mass is conserved.
What is the role of energy during a change of state?
Energy transferred is used to break or form bonds rather than change its temperature.
What do horizontal sections on a temperature-time graph indicate?
They indicate a change of state is occurring, so energy is not causing a change in temperature.
What is Specific Latent Heat (SLH)?
SLH is the amount of energy needed to change the state of a substance.
What is SLH of fusion?
SLH of fusion is for changes between solids and liquids.
What is SLH of vaporisation?
SLH of vaporisation is for changes between liquids and gases.
What is the equation for Specific Latent Heat?
Specific Latent Heat = Energy required to change state/mass of material changing state (L = E/m).
What is Specific Heat Capacity (SHC)?
SHC is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature by 1°C if there is 1kg of a material.
What is the formula for Specific Heat Capacity?
SHC = energy/(mass x temperature change); c = E/mΔT.
What is the relationship between thermal energy and electrical energy in experiments?
Thermal energy is transferred from electrical energy.
What is the formula for electrical energy?
Electrical energy = current x voltage x time; E = IVt.
How do particles in a gas behave?
Particles are constantly moving with random directions and speeds.
What happens to the average kinetic energy of gas particles when the temperature increases?
The average kinetic energy and speed of the particles increase.
