Snell: General Arrangement of the Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

• Viscera
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
• Pancreas
• Spleen
• Kidneys
• Suprarenal Glands

Question 2

Where does the liver lies?

Answer 2

The liver is a large organ that occupies the upper part of the abdominal cavity (Figs. 5.1 and 5.2).

It lies almost entirely
under the cover of the ribsandcostal cartilagesandextends across the epigastric region.

Question 3

What is the shape of the gallbladder and its location?

Answer 3

pear-shaped sac that is adherent to the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver; its blind end or fundus, projects below the inferior border of the liver

Question 4

Where does the fundus of the gallbladder projects?

Answer 4

its blind end or fundus, projects below the inferior border of the liver

Question 5

Describe the esophagus.

Answer 5

The esophagus is a tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach.

Question 6

Where does the esophagus pierces in the diaphragm?

Answer 6

The esophagus pierces the diaphragm
slightly to the left of the midline and after a short course of about 0.5 in. (1.25 cm) enters the stomach on its right side.
It is deeply placed, lying behind the left lobe of the liver
(Fig. 5.1).

Question 7

Describe the stomach.

Answer 7

The stomach is a dilated part of the alimentary canal
between the esophagus and the small intestine (Figs. 5.1
and 5.2).

Question 8

To where does the stomach occupies?

Answer 8

It occupies the left upper quadrant, epigastric, and umbilical regions, and much of it lies under cover of the ribs.

Its long axis passes downward and forward to the right
and then backward and slightly upward.

Question 9

What are the three regions of the small intestine?

Answer 9

• duodenum,
• jejunum, and
• ileum.

Question 10

What is the first part of the small intestine ?

Answer 10

The duodenum is the first part
of the small intestine, and most of it is deeply placed on the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 11

Where is the duodenum situated?

Answer 11

It is situated in the epigastric
and umbilical regions.

It is a C-shaped tube that extends
from the stomach around the head of the pancreas to join the jejunum (Fig. 5.1).

About halfway down its length, the
small intestine receives the bile and the pancreatic ducts.

Question 12

What is the measurement of the jejunum and ileum combined?

Answer 12

The jejunum and ileum together measure about 20 ft
(6 m) long; theupper two fifths of this length make up
the jejunum.

Question 13

Where does the jejunum begins and the ileum ends?

Answer 13

The jejunum begins at the duodenojejunal
junction, and the ileum ends at the ileocecal junction
(Fig. 5.1).

Question 14

Where do the coils of the jejunum occupy?

Answer 14

The coils of jejunum occupy the upper left part
of the abdominal cavity.

Question 15

Where does the ileum occupy?

Answer 15

whereas the ileum tends to occupy
the lower right part of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic
cavity (Fig. 5.3)

Question 16

What are the division of large intestine?

Answer 16

• cecum,
• appendix,
• ascending colon,
• transverse colon,
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon,
• rectum, and
• anal canal (Fig. 5.1).

Question 17

Describe the large intestine?

Answer 17

The large
intestine arches around and encloses the coils of the small intestine (Fig. 5.3) and tends to be more fixed than the
small intestine.

Question 18

Describe the cecum?

Answer 18

The cecum is a blind-ended sac that projects downward
in the right iliac region below the ileocecal junction
(Figs. 5.1 and 5.3).

Question 19

Describe the appendix.

Answer 19

The appendix is a worm-shaped tube
that arises from its medial side (Fig. 5.1).

Question 20

Where does the ascending colon occupies?

Answer 20

The ascending colon extends upward from the cecum to
the inferior surfaceof theright lobe of the liver, occupying

the right lower and upper quadrants (Figs. 5.1 and 5.3).

Question 21

What is the right colic flexure?

Answer 21

On reaching the liver, it bends to the left, forming the right colic
flexure

Question 22

Describe the transverse colon.

Answer 22

The transverse colon crosses the abdomen in the umbilical region from the right colic flexure to the left colic flexure
(Figs. 5.1 and 5.3).

It forms a wide U-shaped curve.

Question 23

Describe the transverse colon when the person is in erect position.

Answer 23

In
the erect position, the lower part of the U may extend down into the pelvis.

Question 24

What is the left colic flexure?

Answer 24

The transverse colon, on reaching the region
of the spleen,bendsdownward, forming the left colic flexure to become the descending colon.

Question 25

Where does the descending colon occupies?

Answer 25

The descending colon extends from the left colic flexure
to the pelvis below (Figs. 5.1 and 5.3).

It occupies the left
upper and lower quadrants

Question 26

Describe the sigmoid colon.

Answer 26

The sigmoid colon begins at the pelvic inlet, where it is
a continuation of the descending colon (Fig. 5.1).

It hangs down into the pelvic cavity in the form of a loop.

Question 27

Where does the sigmoid colon joins the rectum?

Answer 27

It joins the rectum in front of the sacrum.

Question 28

Where does the rectum occupies?

Answer 28

The rectum occupies the posterior part of the pelvic
cavity(Fig. 5.1). It iscontinuous above with the sigmoid
colon and descends in front of the sacrum to leave the pelvis by piercing the pelvic floor.

Here, it becomes continuous
with the anal canal in the perineum.

Question 29

Describe the pancreas.

Answer 29

The pancreas is a soft, lobulated organ that stretches
obliquelyacross theposterior abdominal wall in the epigastric region (Fig. 5.4).

Question 30

Where does the pancreas occupies?

Answer 30

It is situated behind the stomach
and extends from the duodenum to the spleen.

Question 31

Describe the spleen.

Answer 31

The spleen is a soft mass of lymphatic tissue that occupies the left upper part of the abdomen between the stomach and the diaphragm (Fig. 5.4).

Question 32

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 32

It lies along the long axis of
the 10th left rib.

Question 33

Describe the kidneys.

Answer 33

The kidneys are two reddish brown organs situated high
up on the posterior abdominal wall,one on each side
of the vertebral column (Fig. 5.4).

Question 34

Why is the left kidney higher than the right kidney?

Answer 34

The left kidney lies
slightly higher than the right (because the left lobe of
the liver is smaller than the right).

Each kidney gives rise
to a ureter that runs vertically downward on the psoas
muscle.