SO PQA

Question 1

Question 1.
According to the Recommended Practice, principles of firefighting with foam, firefighting foam improves the extinguishing performance of water on many fires. Depending on the foam, list how this may be achieved.

Answer 1

Ø Reducing surface tension
Ø Reducing density
Ø Excluding oxygen.
Ø Suppressing vapours.
Ø Insulating the fuel from heat
Ø Reflecting heat.
Ø Cooling.

Question 2

Question 2.
According to the Recommended Practice, Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) operation is based on three functions which conform to the internationally accepted algorithm of basic life support using AEDs. List these functions.

Answer 2

Ø monitoring the patient’s ECG
Ø prompting operators to deliver a shock
Ø prompting operators to carry out basic life support, including CPR.

Question 3

Question 3.
According to Operations Bulletin 2012/03, list the properties of Natural gas.

Answer 3

 a fossil fuel which contains 95% methane (CH4)
 naturally odourless
 non-toxic but an asphyxiant
 highly flammable
 lighter than air and disperses rapidly

Question 4

Question 4.
According to the SOG- acetylene is a very volatile gas. Exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers and land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 4

Up to 24 hours

Question 5

Question 5. According to the SOGs - When providing fire protection for helicopter hot refuelling there are many factors for the FRNSW Commander to consider. List these factors

Answer 5

Ø number and size of helicopters using the landing site
Ø expected number of landings and take-offs
Ø amount and type of fuel stored on site, and
Ø availability of reticulated water for firefighting.

Question 6

Question 6.
According to the SOG - When providing fire protection for helicopter hot refuelling, list the information the airbase manager must provide in regard to safety.

Answer 6

Ø a briefing on the operational and safety arrangements at the site
Ø a copy of the airfield emergency plan
Ø Safety Data Sheets for fuels and hazardous materials on site
Ø an effective means of radio communication between the FRNSW Commander and the Airbase Manager

Question 7

Question 7.
According to the Recommended Practice - List the 5 typical scenarios for Attack and Lay Pack use.

Answer 7

Ø Structure fires that cannot be directly accessed from the footpath
Ø Fires in high rise buildings
Ø Investigating automatic fire alarms
Ø Protecting property from bushfires
Ø Bush and grass fires in difficult to access locations.

Question 8

Question 8.
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 11 Brigades to proceed with speed to suspected fires or hazardous material incidents-

Answer 8

(1) When there is an alarm of fire……. a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger

(2) When there is a report of hazardous material incident…………. a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act—

(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger

Question 9

Question 9.
Complete the following in relation to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 Part 3, Division 1, Section 12, Investigation of reported fires and Hazardous material incidents-
(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—

Answer 9

(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Question 10

Question 10.
Section 13, of the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 states the “general powers of officers at fires and hazardous material incidents”- State this provision.

Answer 10

(1) At a fire, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

Question 11

Question 11.
Division 1 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989 lists the powers at fires and hazardous material incidents. State the provisions of Section 19- “General power to remove persons or obstacles.”

Answer 11

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.

Question 12

Question 12.
At an incident that has been declared a crime scene, a member of the public seeks details from you, the senior firefighter/officer on duty, about the incident. State the provisions of Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation (2023), Clause 22, Disclosure of information.

Answer 12

We have now extinguished the fire, search and rescue was conducted with no persons found and the premises has been declared a crime scene by NSWPF. You will need to speak with NWSPF to gain further information.

Question 13

Question 13.
Section 17 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation (2023) refers to unacceptable behaviour. List five circumstances when a firefighter’s behaviour would be deemed unacceptable.

Answer 13

(a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug, or
(b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(e) smoke in any public place while in uniform,
(f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority, or
(h) while on duty, by words or action, harass, intimidate or threaten another firefighter, or

Question 14

Question 14.
According to Standing Orders, to avoid serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, what are the two actions drivers of responding vehicles should take when proceeding through traffic signals and stop signs.

Answer 14

1. Slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph
2. Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed

Question 15

Question 15.
According to Standing Orders, when are seatbelts required to be worn when travelling in FRNSW vehicles (including tankers)?

Answer 15

All of the time.

Question 16

Question 16.
Section 27 of the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023 states the Notice of Transfer that is required to be given by the Commissioner when an employee is to be transferred to a new location and/or a different platoon. List and detail the three provisions for these as stated in this section

Answer 16

1. Seven (7) days notice when the transfer is within the same fire district or within the GSA and on the same platoon
2. Fourteen (14) days notice when the transfer is within the same fire district or within the GSA but to a different platoon,
3. Twenty eight (28) days notice when the transfer is outside the GSA or the employee’s current fire district, and such notice shall be confirmed in writing

Question 17

Question 17.
State the two provisions under the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation (2023), Part 3, Section 14: Firefighters to acquire and maintain knowledge of legislation, orders, and functions.

Answer 17

(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.

Question 18

Question 18.
According to Recommended Practice- List the general safety points that must be observed at all times when using the Attack and Lay Pack.

Answer 18

Ø Keep all persons not directly involved away from the hose lines
Ø Objects which could cause injury should be removed from the working area.
Ø Ensure it does not create a trip hazard and that the exit path remains clear.

Question 19

Question 19.
According to the Fire Investigation toolkit on the Intranet, list when you should request FIRU for assistance?

Answer 19

 Origin and cause is not apparent
 Fatality or significant injury which may cause death
 Fire is considered major, has significant community impact, or has unusual fire behaviour

Question 20

Question 20.
Found in the toolkit on the Intranet, provide the full name of the form populated by firefighters that gives the Fire Investigator a summary of your observations on arrival and your actions during the fire.

Answer 20

SOFA – Summary of Observations and Firefighter Actions.

Question 21

Question 21.
According to Definitions on the Intranet - Describe Backdraught.

Answer 21

When a fire is burning slowly in a confined space, the fire gases may be at or above ignition temperature but do not burn due to oxygen deficiency. Admitting air may cause the gases to burn rapidly and increase in pressure. If there is sufficient openings to vent the pressure an explosion will occur and this type of explosion is known as a backdraught

Question 22

Question 22.
According to SOGs, - list your role and tasks if you are the first arriving Station Officer into Staging.

Answer 22

 Keep track of resources
 As requested by the IC, release resources to be deployed
 Advise the IC when spare resources in Staging are low, or fall below the number specified by the IC.
 Maintain awareness of the incident communications and action plans

Question 23

Question 23.
According to SOGs, - describe the order model of communication and when it must be used.

Answer 23

The message receiver repeats the sender’s message and the sender confirms the receiver has understood the message
Order model must be used for all incident communications

Question 24

Question 24
According to the GSD for Incident Management, – an Incident Management System is a standardised method used to manage all types of incidents. The method is adaptable and scalable to the incident type and size. List what it enables the Incident Controller to do and when an Incident Management System is required to be used at incidents FRNSW attends?

Answer 24

 maintain the necessary situational awareness
 to achieve the incident objectives
 ensure the safety of all personnel.

The system is used at every incident FRNSW attends

Question 25

Question 25. According to SOGs, -there are eight strategic functions of command the Incident Commander needs to address. List and describe all eight functions

Answer 25

1. Deployment – ensure a steady, adequate timely stream of appropriate resources and knowing their positions and functions 2. Command – having a strong command presence 3. Situation evaluation – continuously collecting and evaluating information to determine critical factors. 4. Incident action planning – having an incident action plan that addresses the critical factors. 5. Incident communications – having efficient and effective communications for flow of information within and out of the incident 6. Incident structure –flexible and scalable incident structure to meet the incident size and needs, with delegated functions and responsibilities for effective span of control 7. Review and revision –reviewing and revising the strategy and plan, to keep it current as the incident needs change. 8. Escalation and de-escalation – scaling up the strategic management level of the incident; and scaling down as operations conclude

Question 26

Question 26. According to the GSD for Incident Management, - at every incident there must be a steady, adequate, and timely stream of resources. Who is the only person to deploy resources at an incident?

Answer 26

The Incident Commander (IC).

Question 27

Question 27. A driver in a road tunnel noticed smoke coming from the engine compartment of their car and immediately pulled into the emergency break down bay and called Triple zero. According to SOGs, list the Smoke Management Systems found in road tunnels that could assist in clearing the smoke?

Answer 27

Ø longitudinal ventilation (jet fans) Ø ducted ventilation Ø natural ventilation Ø a combination of the above.

Question 28

Question 28. According to the GSD for Incident Management, - as an incident develops and crews become fatigued, they will need to be rested. List and describe the two ways crews can be rested.

Answer 28

1. Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant 2. Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area.

Question 29

Question 29. According to the GSD for Incident Management, - List and describe the three incident phases.

Answer 29

1. Life at risk phase: The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. 2. Expanding phase: The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control risks to lives and property. 3. Contained phase: There are sufficient resources to contain the incident within a defined area.

Question 30

Question 30. According to the Standing Orders list the people authorised to ride on FRNSW appliances?

Answer 30

Ø firefighters in the course of their duty Ø employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency Ø members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge Ø other persons authorised by the Commissioner.

Question 31

Question 31. According to the Recommended Practice for the Multi-head gas detector – Altair 5X, Altair 5X IR and Altair 5X PID, describe the term Time Weighted Average (TWA).

Answer 31

The TWA is the concentration of gas a worker can be continuously exposed to for an eight hour working day, repeated over five days for a forty hour working week.

Question 32

Question 32. Section 26 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation 2023 deals with performance of functions. State the provisions of this section

Answer 32

(1) A firefighter must attend a drill if directed to do so by the Commissioner or the officer in charge of the firefighter. (2) A firefighter must perform all firefighting and other functions the firefighter is lawfully directed to perform. (3) A firefighter must serve wherever the firefighter is directed by the Commissioner.

Question 33

Question 33. According to the GSD for Incident Safety, – it is usually reasonable only to document high consequence risks, however as time and resources increase into a protracted incident what is reasonable to document will change. List and describe the two ways that risks can be documented.

Answer 33

* Radio: In the initial stages of an incident, critical hazards and control measures are included in strategic CAN reports to FireCOM which can be logged by the operator, and are recorded on tape. * Written: When you can no longer account for all hazards and controls in your head, are at a protracted incident and the documentation will assist with reviewing controls and transferring roles and/or you have a dedicated Safety Officer

Question 34

Question 34. According to the definition on the Intranet – what is the full term used when a liquid within a container reaches a temperature well above its boiling temperature, boils, expands and the container fails.

Answer 34

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion

Question 35

Question 35. According to SOGs – a thermal check of the acetylene cylinder may give an indication that decomposition is occurring internally. List and describe two ways you can conduct a thermal check.

Answer 35

* Use a thermal imaging camera to conduct the thermal check every 15 minutes for 1 hour * Conduct a wetting test:  Get a clear view of the cylinder, then spray it until is completely wet.  Stop the spray and check for signs of steam or rapid drying of the cylinder.

Question 36

Question 36. According to SOGs-expand the acronym – SISIACMR

Answer 36

S Safe approach I Incident control S Scene security I Identify hazardous materials A Assess potential harm and minimise environmental contamination C Call in resources M Monitor information R Render safe and decontaminate

Question 37

Question 37. According to the GSD for Incident Safety, - Define what incident safety refers to.

Answer 37

Incident safety refers to the management of the health and safety of firefighters at incidents, and, where relevant, at operational training that uses incident safety processes.

Question 38

Question 38. According to Operations Bulletin 2023-01 – thermal runaway can occur in lithium-ion batteries in small devices at any time without warning. List the indicators of thermal runaway.

Answer 38

Ø Discolouration, blistering, bulging, or swelling of the casing Ø Pungent odours or leaking electrolyte Ø Rising temperature of battery exterior Ø Abnormal popping, hissing, or crackling sounds Ø Smoke or fumes

Question 39

Question 39. According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, what should you complete when a work-related injury, near miss, exposure or illness occurs and in what timeframe after the occurrence should it be submitted?

Answer 39

Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure and Near Miss (NIIENM) which should be submitted within 24 hours of occurrence.

Question 40

Question 40. According to the Workplace Safety toolkit on the intranet, - if you are unable to submit or fill out a NIIENM who else can submit one for you?

Answer 40

Your Supervisor or co-worker

Question 41

Question 41. When shall an employee be entitled to accommodation whist attending training courses in the GSA as listed under section 48.2.2 of the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023.

Answer 41

Where an employee attends a course within the Greater Sydney Area, and the travelling time to and from the training venue exceeds two (2) hours each way (by the approved mode of transport) or if the return distance from the employee's residence to the training venue exceeds 175 kilometres

Question 42

Question 42. As stated in the State Emergency and Rescue Management Act,1989 - list who is responsible for coordinating rescue operations and for determining the priorities of action to be taken in rescue operations?

Answer 42

NSW Police Force

Question 43

According to the GSD for Incident Management, list the fundamental principles of the incident management system.

Answer 43

* Accounting for everyone * Strong command presence * Critical factors * Incident phase and risk management * Simplified communications * Incident structure to meet the incident needs

Question 44

Question 44. According to the Rescue Training Manual - Fire protection must be established at all MVA’s where the vehicle’s occupants are trapped. List the actions that should be taken when providing fire protection at an MVA.

Answer 44

* The pumper should be positioned in a safe area * The minimum fire protection is a 38 mm hose line, charged to 400 kPa with an Akron spray branch with a minimum 90o angle of spray and the pump recirculating valve opened to prevent the pump from overheating * The branch must be hand-held by a firefighter in full turnout gear and BA * The firefighter holding the branch must be positioned ready to provide immediate protection should a fire ignite and be prepared to: 1. Secure an escape path for the rescue crew; and 2. Isolate the fire from the passenger cell of the vehicle. * If the hose line is used, the pump operator should close the recirculating valve and increase the pump pressure to 800 kPa

Question 45

Question 45. According to the Recommended Practice for breathing apparatus, – conditions when SCBA should be worn can be summarised by the acronym HOTS. List and describe each letter of HOTS.

Answer 45

H: High (or low) temperatures which may damage the lungs O: Oxygen deficient or oxygen enriched atmospheres T: Toxic atmospheres: gases, dusts, fumes, biological hazards or radiological hazards. S: Smoke, particularly from structure, vehicle and other property fires, and heavy smoke from bushfires.

Question 46

Question 46. Owners and occupiers of premises can deposit keys at their nearest fire station so that firefighters can gain access without causing unnecessary damage. Located in the Forms tab on the intranet, name the two forms that need to be completed when receiving keys to private premises.

Answer 46

Keys to Private Premises Keys deposited forms.

Question 47

Question 47. As stated in the Health, Fitness and Wellbeing Toolkit- what is it a mandatory requirement to complete prior to undertaking the annual Fitness Drill?

Answer 47

A PARQ (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire).

Question 48

Question 48. According to Operations Bulletin 2020-04 – Reporting appliance damage and maintenance issues, when an appliance is found to have unreported damage, the Fleet Operations Officer or Regional Maintenance Officer will notify the Station, Duty, and Zone Commander in writing. Which form must the station submit within 8 days?

Answer 48

An Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form.

Question 49

Question 49. According to the Fire ePermit Policy, a fire permit issued within the ‘Bush Fire Danger’ period will be valid for a period of how many days from the date of issue?

Answer 49

7 days

Question 50

Question 50. According to the Fire ePermit Policy, what aspect of the planned fire does the permit take into account.

Answer 50

A fire permit takes into account only the safety aspect of the planned fire. It imposes conditions on the way a fire is lit and maintained

Question 51

Question 51. According to SOGs- list the 6 components of a AS2419.1 hydrant booster.

Answer 51

1. supply hydrants 2. main wheel valve 3. non return valve 4. booster inlets 5. pressure gauge 6. block plan

Question 52

Question 52. According to the Recommend Practice for breathing apparatus– what is the meaning of working duration.

Answer 52

The total duration less the safety margin of 55 bar

Question 53

Question 53. · A mobile data terminal (MDT) is installed in every fire appliance. It provides immediate fingertip access to incident information and a range of additional intelligence to help firefighters deal with the incidents they attend every day. List the information the MDT enables firefighters to indicate, view and access as documented in the Toolkit.

Answer 53

* Indicates their code status. * Resources and incident details at an incident * View information sent from ESCAD * Mapping data including the location of hydrants, utilities, hazards, and drains. * Access pre-incident plans * Access guides including SOGs, Safety and Operations Bulletins, and other incident relevant documents. * Access weather information. * Access hazardous materials information

Question 54

Question 54. According to SOGs, - firefighters can ‘turn off’ a solar power system to stop electricity feeding into the structure’s circuits or back to the electricity network if configured to do so. List and describe the 6 points to consider.

Answer 54

1. Consult with any on-site experts to determine how best to turn off and if it is appropriate. 2. Assume the switchboard and any conductive materials are live 3. Follow any shutdown procedure displayed 4. If the shutdown procedure cannot be found: * Solar panels – turn off the inverter main switch, then turn off the solar panel main switch * UPS – turn off both the input to and the output from the UPS system * Generator – turn off the generator at the switchboard. Wiring remains live between the inverter, and the solar panels and any battery. FRNSW voltage detectors do not detect DC electricity 5. Restrict required work as reasonably practical to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident. Consider if possible benefits of undertaking work outweigh risks 6. If power must be isolated from the alternative power supply, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician.

Question 55

Question 55. According to Operations Bulletin 2024-02, when a battery energy storage system is present at a residence, there should be an indicator to alert you to this. What is an example of an indicator.

Answer 55

An ‘ES’ sticker or battery label or warnings

Question 56

Question 56. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- lists operational actions to follow when dealing with Lithium-ion battery failure in small devices. List these actions.

Answer 56

 Use caution when approaching the device  If the device is connected to mains electricity (eg charging) ensure that electricity is switched off prior to applying water.  Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water.  Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water.  Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so  If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes  Ensure that all cells are accounted  Notify FireCOM that the incident involves a lithium-ion device

Question 57

Question 57. According to the GSD for Electricity SOGs - fires can occur in solar panels, particularly in the isolators attached to the solar panels. If the solar panel is on a roof, list the actions firefighters should not take.

Answer 57

 Climb onto the roof to extinguish the fire  Put ladders against the roof

Question 58

Question 58. According to the SMIT on salvage and overhaul, describe the purpose of salvage.

Answer 58

To reduce damage from fire, smoke, water, heat, cold or weather during & after a fire

Question 59

Question 59. According to the SMIT on salvage and overhaul, describe the purpose of post fire overhaul.

Answer 59

* Search & extinguish hidden fires & hot spots. * Protect the scene after the fire, including the preservation of evidence & identification of cause & origin. * Restore the premises to a safe condition

Question 60

According to SOGs, list the four principles to consider when responded to incident involving a gaseous fire suppression system.

Answer 60

* FRNSW may be responded to these incidents as an Automatic Fire Alarm, or to a reported fire. * Unless there is life at risk, firefighters must wait outside the compartment for the hold time, while the system fully discharges and extinguishes the fire. * Breathing apparatus must be worn when inside the compartment until the atmosphere is confirmed safe. * Any activation of the system must be investigated

Question 61

Question 61. According to the GSD for Bushfires - FRNSW crews generally engage in property protection roles. We generally have three strategies for carrying out property protection. List and describe the three types of defences that may be required in the defensive strategy.

Answer 61

Line defence: there are favourable conditions but insufficient firefighting units for offensive attack, the units prevent the line of fire from closely approaching the property Ember defence: when the approaching line of fire is too intense to suppress by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack, small fires are extinguished as they occur in and around buildings Backstop defence: the approaching fire is too intense and firefighters cannot safely protect buildings with no safe defensible space around buildings so they so withdraw temporarily to a suitable safe refuge until the main firefront subsides

Question 62

Question 62. Operations Bulletin 2023-01- lists the hazards and risks at incidents involving Lithium-ion batteries in small devices. List all as stated in the bulletin.

Answer 62

* Thermal runaway * Extreme fire behaviour * Release of toxic vapour and gases * Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes * Stranded energy * Projectiles * Secondary ignition

Question 63

Question 63. According to the GSD for Incident Management - Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS) has 5 key principles. List and describe the concepts that underpin these principles.

Answer 63

* Flexibility – it must be able to be applied across all types of incidents, with an incident structure and plans that reflect the needs of the incident. * Management by objectives – for every incident a set of objectives must be identified and a plan developed for managing those objectives * Functional management –eight functional areas which the Incident Commander is responsible for but may delegate one or more depending upon the size and nature of the incident. * Unity of command – there must be only one Incident Commander; each individual must only report to one supervisor. * Span of control – an individual should only have 5 people reporting to them (optimal is 1:5 ratio), but this can vary between 1:3 to 1:7

Question 64

Question 64. According to SOGs - when an LPG container is involved in fire, what area of the container is considered most crucial and a high priority area for cooling?

Answer 64

The container’s vapour space (area above the liquid)

Question 65

Question 65. According to the SMIT on Psychological Preparedness – list the actions that should be taken following a Potentially Traumatic Event.

Answer 65

* Acknowledge as a team the incident you attended has the potential to be traumatic. * Acknowledge there is no right or wrong way to respond after attending a potentially traumatic event. * Ensure lines of communication are open with colleagues, family, friends or internal supports, maintain your boundaries if you are not ready or comfortable * Familiarise yourself with available support services should you or someone in your team need them.

Question 66

Question 66. According to the Work Instruction on “bagging contaminated gear” - list the equipment required for bagging contaminated gear (not PPC) at an incident to minimise the risk presented by hazardous contaminants during storage or transport.

Answer 66

The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant * Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags. * A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details.

Question 67

Question 67. According to the GSD for Bushfires - List and describe the 3 classes of bushfires.

Answer 67

Class 1 A fire under the control of the responsible fire authority Class 2 A fire which, by necessity, involves more than one agency Class 3 A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997

Question 68

Question 68. According to the GSD for Electricity- SOGs, - electrical transformers in high density areas of cities maybe situated in underground vaults, if a fire occurs in one of these vaults, CO2 can be injected via a wall mounted or footpath CO2 connection box. Describe what the number on the connection box indicates.

Answer 68

The number of CO2 cylinders required to be injected

Question 69

Question 69. According to the GSD for Electricity- GSD, list the factors that affect voltage gradient at wires down.

Answer 69

* Composition of the ground * Moisture content * Voltage of the electrical source

Question 70

Question 70. According to the GSD for Electricity- SOGs, conductors allow electricity to easily pass through them. List five examples of conductors identified in this document.

Answer 70

* Metals * Human body * Timber and trees * Flame and dense smoke * Vehicle tyres * Some fire extinguishing mediums * Wet or dirty rope * Water – including hose lines

Question 71

Question 71. According to the GSD for Electricity- SOGs - list five measures to control the risks associated with electricity at an incident.

Answer 71

* Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise. * Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard. * If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone. * Have the electricity company isolate power. * When leaving the incident site, if possible, provide information to the owner or other responsible person on the hazards still present at the site and the control measures in place.

Question 72

Question 72. As listed on the SIMS Worksheet, Electrical safety kit - list the inventory stored in the green canvas bag of the electrical safety kit.

Answer 72

1 x pair of insulating gloves 1 x pair of leather over gloves 1 x electrical safety kit bag 2 x non-contact AC voltage detectors, either Modiewark Rescue or GLM Mini Rescue

Question 73

Question 73 According to the Recommended practice - When using the gloves from the electrical safety kit, what is the correct donning sequence?

Answer 73

* Put on electrical gloves first. * Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage.

Question 74

Question 74. According to SOG for interagency notification, list the four reasons NSW Police are required to be notified of incidents.

Answer 74

Possible terrorist incident Crime investigation Site, crowd, traffic and evacuation management Rescue incidents

Question 75

Question 75. You are responded to fire in a correctional facility, centre or complex operated by a government agency or private contractor. As documented in SOGs, list the actions that should be taken on arrival.

Answer 75

 Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator.  While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP  If entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources  Access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box and brief crew about the facility.  Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility

Question 76

Question 76. According to the Preventing and Managing Unreasonable Behaviour and Bullying Policy, state the definition of workplace bullying?

Answer 76

Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety.

Question 77

Question 77. You respond to an automatic fire alarm at an office building. On arrival you find the gaseous fire suppression system has activated in a data storage unit. You ask employees on site if everyone has evacuated but they cannot be sure. You have to enter immediately to complete a search. According to SOGs list the actions you would you take.

Answer 77

* Wear breathing apparatus and carry a charged line of hose or extinguisher. * Manage door control and entry to prevent influx of fresh air. * Consider carrying an extension face mask for the person needing rescue. * Be aware of electrical hazards from energised equipment.

Question 78

Question 78 According to the ‘Firefighter’ role description found on the Intranet, list any 5 of the Duties/Accountabilities required in this role.

Answer 78

* Contribute to the station's community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities * Attend fire and other emergency incidents * Contribute to the Station's operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and equipment * Assist with investigations into the cause of fires * the general running of the station

Question 79

Question 79. Standing Orders includes the topic ‘Reporting Absence from duty’. List the procedures the Station Officer is to follow if a firefighter is absent without notification.

Answer 79

Try to contact them by telephone to find out why they are absent. If you cannot contact them, record them as being absent without leave and notify your Duty Commander or Manager. If you have concerns for their welfare, contact your Zone Commander, Human Resources Manager or the Manager Operational Personnel

Question 80

According to SOGs – list the procedures you should follow when attending an incident involving underground electrical vault

Answer 80

* Contact FireCOM to notify the electricity company and to respond the CO2 Tender. Consider notifying other affected services. * Do not enter the vault – wait for the electricity company representative to arrive. * Do not approach or park vehicles over entry covers (open or closed) due to the risk of explosion. * Establish a Hot Zone of at least 8 metres radius surrounding the vault. * Prepare the necessary equipment. Consider requesting hazmat or other specialists. Consult any pre-incident plans. * Protect all exposures. * Liaise with the electricity company representative on safety and technical issues. Follow all safe work instructions given by the electricity company representative. * Do not operate any switches without consultation with the electricity company representative. * Use gas detectors and thermal imaging cameras as appropriate

Question 81

Question 81. According to the Fire Investigation Field Guide there are four classifications of cause. List and describe them.

Answer 81

Accidental - the probable fire cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area where the fire should not be Natural - fires caused without direct human intervention or action Incendiary - intentionally ignited in an area or under circumstances where and when there should not be a fire Undetermined - fire cause cannot be proved, the proper classification is undetermined

Question 82

According to SMIT on MVA terminology – list and describe the 4 recognised types of entrapment.

Answer 82

1. Trapped by Compression: the occupant is physically pinned by deformity in the structure of the vehicle. 2. Trapped by Confinement: the occupant is only trapped in the interior of the vehicle (i.e. a door is jammed). 3. Trapped by Injuries: the occupant is unable to exit the vehicle due the injuries sustained (or are believed to have sustained). 4. Trapped by Impalement: the occupant is physically impaled by a foreign object which prevents them from exiting the vehicle.

Question 83

Question 83. According to SOGs - there are many duties of the BA Control Operator. List five.

Answer 83

* Establish BA Control close to the entry/exit point as possible. * Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board. * Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign * Calculate and monitor entry and exit times. * Monitor all radio communications within the sector.

Question 84

Question 84. Safety Bulletin 2024-01 identifies actions firefighters must take operationally should they identify fire doors with fire activated bolts. List what firefighters must do.

Answer 84

* Inform the IC immediately * Ensure fire attack and search and rescue crews enter with charged lines of hose. * Identify alternative egress routes should a fire door bolt operate. If trapped by the activation of a fire bolt fire door with no alternative exit, send a Mayday message.

Question 85

Question 85. According to SOGs – List what P2 particle masks can be used to protect against.

Answer 85

* Known low concentrations of inert dust * Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet. * The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke. * Contamination by body fluids.

Question 86

Question 86. Section 29 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation 2023 deals with the occurrence book. State the provisions of this clause.

Answer 86

The officer in charge of a fire station must ensure details of the following are recorded in a document (an occurrence book) kept at the fire station— (a) all events of significance relating to the operation of the fire station, (b) all other matters required by this regulation or the Commissioner’s directions to be recorded in the occurrence book.

Question 87

Question 87. Safety Bulletin 2010-04 identifies precautions appliance drivers should take before responding from fire stations. List these precautions.

Answer 87

1. Activate the emergency warning lights to indicate that the appliance is about to respond. 2. Check that everyone has their seat belt fastened. 3. Check your mirrors and ensure that the surrounding area is clear of people. 4. Only proceed when safe to do so.

Question 88

Question 88. Clause 10 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation (2023) deals with Examinations and Assessments. State this provision.

Answer 88

The Commissioner may set or nominate an examination or assessment the Commissioner considers appropriate as a requirement for a firefighter’s promotion, transfer or appointment to a position

Question 89

Question 89. List the exemptions that retained firefighters have when responding in private vehicles to emergency incidents as detailed in the Standing Orders.

Answer 89

A retained firefighter responding to the station or to an incident in a privately owned vehicle has no exemption from the Australian Road Rules

Question 90

Question 90. According to the SOGs for communication plans- list the three basic principles for communication at incidents?

Answer 90

(a) to use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control; (b) to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident (c) to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

Question 91

Question 91. The Fire and Rescue Act 1989 and the Australian Road Rules grant exemptions, in certain circumstances, to the drivers of Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles from complying with the Australian Road Rules. State the situations as listed in Standing Orders when FRNSW vehicles are permitted to travel in a bus, tram, transit or truck lane.

Answer 91

a. when responding to a call of fire, hazardous materials incident or other emergency, or b. when returning to station after proceeding to the scene of a fire call, hazardous materials incident or other emergency

Question 92

Question 92. According to SOGs - Emergency Response Teams have varying levels of skills, equipment, and training. Depending on the hazards involved, the IC must determine, from Pre-Incident Planning and discussion with the Emergency Response Team Leader, their role at an incident. List the three activities Emergency Response Teams can participate in.

Answer 92

* Specialist advice to the IC * Operation of valves and other industrial processes. * Fire attack under the control of FRNSW officers.

Question 93

Question 93 According SOGs list the principles of de-escalation.

Answer 93

* Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back during de-escalation. Delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC may handover command to another officer. * Only the IC can release resources * When possible, released resources should be rehabilitated before departure. * Before a crew leaves the hazard zone, crew commanders should, where possible, conduct a short ‘hot’ debrief. * If appropriate, when all FRNSW duties are complete, the IC should hand over the site to another agency or the owner. * When FRNSW involvement at the incident ends, the IC must inform FireCOM. * Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident.

Question 94

Question 94 According to SOGs - the Emergency Control Organisation may consist of people identified by coloured helmets, hats, caps, vests, or tabards. List the members and their identifying colour.

Answer 94

Chief warden – White Deputy chief warden - White Communications officer - White Floor warden - Yellow Area wardens - Yellow Wardens - Red First aid officer - White cross on a green background

Question 95

Question 95. According to the SOGs, List the correct meanings for the numerical status codes 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7.

Answer 95

1 Responding to an incident or move-up 2 Call off 3 On scene at incident or move-up station 4 Available for response 5 Returned to station 6 Incident in Rural Fire District 7 Unavailable for response

Question 96

Question 96. You are completing a pre-incident plan for an occupancy located within your station area. The SO directs you to inspect the Fire Control Room. According to the SOGs, list the features that are included in a Fire Control Room.

Answer 96

* a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation * two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit * Fire Indicator Panel * Fire Fan Control Panel * Master Emergency Control Panel * controls for fire pumps * Security Alarm and Control Panels * telephone (direct line outside) * whiteboard, corkboard and plan table

Question 97

Question 97. You are attending an incident at a large cold storage facility. Your SO has directed you to cut into an Insulated Sandwich Panel (ISP). Prior to cutting the ISP, you conduct a risk assessment. According to the SOGs, list the important issues to consider.

Answer 97

* if there is sufficient time and resources available. * leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting * electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels * the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores * Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut. * An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air; * Have a charged line of hose in place for protection

Question 98

Question 98. You are attending a 3rd Alarm structure fire and note the current incident commander is being overwhelmed by radio messages. According to SOGs, following span of control rules, what is the optimal number of people who should be reporting to the IC?

Answer 98

1:5

Question 99

Question 99. It is the responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) to ensure that in general, each tactical priority has been addressed, according to the SOGs, for structure fires the IC should consider how many sides of the fire?

Answer 99

Seven

Question 100

Question 100. On arrival at an incident, you observe the EWIS is operating. Upon closer inspection you note it has defects. According to the SOGs, what actions should you take and who should you notify after you have investigated and found no sign of fire?

Answer 100

Notify FRNSW Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated

Question 101

Question 101. You attend a hazmat incident, and you appreciate the importance of correct spelling of a substance when transmitting messages to Comms. You are requested to relay the message using the phonetic alphabet. What is the correct phonetic alphabet transmission for …………….? (Word to be inserted in test paper, knowledge of phonetic alphabet)

Answer 101

PRACTICE THE PHONETIC ALPHABET

Question 102

Question 102. An MVA has occurred between a truck and two cars requiring the attendance of a rescue unit, the MVA has occurred on the M5 Motorway in the GSA. There are multiple emergency services within NSW that are responsible for rescue incidents. According to SOGs, who determines which emergency service will send a rescue unit to this rescue incident?

Answer 102

NSW Police Force

Question 103

Question 103. Fumigation is a process of applying a pesticide chemical to a sealed area for a period, generally to treat insects or other vermin. The pesticide is applied in gas form (or a state that produces a gas) to the area. According to SOGs if a firefighter is exposed to chemicals at a fumigation list the actions needed to be taken on arrival back at station.

Answer 103

1. Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing. 2. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report. 3. Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed.

Question 104

Question 104. According to SOGs, FRNSW priorities guide the strategy and incident action plan (IAP) for the incident. List our priorities at an incident?

Answer 104

* Safety of firefighters. * Protecting saveable lives. * Protecting saveable property and the environment.

Question 105

Question 105. According to the FRNSW fatigue management procedure permanent firefighters, what is the definition of fatigue?

Answer 105

An acute or ongoing state of tiredness that leads to mental or physical exhaustion. In most cases, fatigue results from a lack of restorative rest or sleep.

Question 106

Question 106 According to the GSD for Incident Management- every person at the incident must behave in a manner that ensures that they can be accounted for. List the behaviours of officers not in command that destroy accountability.

Answer 106

* Tasking firefighters to undertake unauthorised activities * Changing the incident structure * If of a higher rank than the IC, arriving and working outside the incident structure but not assuming formal command.

Question 107

Question 107. According to the intranet toolkit, during a bushfire with CFUs, list the 5 points under the heading CFU members.

Answer 107

* like all residents, must follow Fire Danger Rating instructions and their Bushfire Survival Plan * do not fight fires or enter bushland; they are only empowered to protect properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack * are no different to other residents during a bushfire, and do not have any authority, responsibility or role in FRNSW bushfire operations * must obey instructions from FRNSW firefighters or other emergency service agencies to deactivate and/or evacuate * after the front has passed, can carry out mopping up on their area of activity, freeing up firefighters to respond to the moving fire front

Question 108

Question 108. According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. Describe what they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer 108

Further serious injury or death

Question 109

Question 109. According to the FRNSW Alcohol and other drugs policy, workers must not be in the workplace with a blood alcohol concentration of how many grams or above of alcohol per 210 litres of breath?

Answer 109

0.02 grams

Question 110

Question 110. According to SOGs – list the seven signs that could indicate an impending structural collapse.

Answer 110

− Cracks in walls or other support elements. − Displaced supporting columns, joists or beams. − Concrete spalling or falling debris. − Leaning or bulging walls. − Cracked or dropped supports over doors and windows. − Gaps between floors and walls. − Cracking sounds or other noises as the structure moves.

Question 111

Question 111. According to SOGs - radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire, one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point, what is required to be reported to FireCOM

Answer 111

A detailed message is sent with the 100 code

Question 112

Question 112. According to SOGs - safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. List and describe each letter of the acronym LACES.

Answer 112

* Lookouts – Fire crews ensure they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to location. * Awareness – Firefighters must be aware of variations that impact changes in fire behaviour, hydration of themselves and others. * Communications – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan * Escape Routes – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. * Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters.

Question 113

Question 113. According to SOGs-fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List and describe the ratings.

Answer 113

Catastrophic FBI 100 + * Uncontrollable extremely fast and intense, spot fires 20 km. * No structure is guaranteed safe, lives may be lost Extreme FBI: 50 – 99 * Uncontrollable, very fast and intense, spot fires 6 km. * Only prepared houses offer safety; house and life loss possible. High FBI: 24 – 49 * Difficult to control, spot fires 2 km. * Housing may come under increased threat. Moderate FBI: 12 – 23 * Controllable, spot fires very close and less likely. * Prepared houses offer good safety. No rating FBI: 0 – 11 * Fires easily controllable, spot fires very unlikely.

Question 114

Question 114 According to SOGs, list the benefits of effective management at incidents?

Answer 114

* A safe working environment for those at the incident. * Effectively and efficiently control the incident * Minimise the impact on life, property and the environment.

Question 115

Question 115. According to SOGs - there are three strategies used during bushfires operations. List all three.

Answer 115

Offensive Defensive Safeguarding

Question 116

Question 116. According to the eAIRS Data Management Policy, describe the roles and responsibilities of the reporting officer?

Answer 116

Accurate recording of the attendance of the first arriving crew, actions taken, equipment used and observations. Remains accountable for the incident report even if the task of completing the eAIRS report has been delegated to another member of the crew who attended

Question 117

Question 117. According to FIREFIT Heat exhaustion fact sheet- list the strategies to prevent heat exhaustion.

Answer 117

* Appropriate work to rest ratios based on environmental conditions * Firefighters should identify signs and symptoms which indicate need to slow, modify, or stop activity before medical emergency arises. * Adequate hydration before, during and after work

Question 118

Question 118. According to the GSD for Bushfires - the status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. List and describe the terminology to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM.

Answer 118

Going The fire is spreading on one or more flanks, and effective control strategies are not in place for the entire perimeter. Being Controlled Effective strategies are in operation or planned for the entire perimeter. Contained The entire perimeter is behind identifiable control lines. Mop up and patrol have started. Patrol Firefighting resources are only required for patrol purposes and major reignition is unlikely. Out The fire is totally blacked out and can be removed from the list of current fires.

Question 119

Question 119. According to FIREFIT Heat exhaustion fact sheet- list the treatment for heat exhaustion

Answer 119

* Move the individual to a cool/shaded area and remove excess clothing. * Cool the individual with fans, self-dousing, forearm immersion and apply cold packs to neck, groin, and armpits. * Elevate legs to promote blood return to heart. * Provide oral fluids for rehydration if fully conscious

Question 120

Question 120. According to SOGs - describe offensive and defensive strategies.

Answer 120

Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazards Defensive – operating away from the hazards.

Question 121

Question 121 According to SOGs – list what the Incident Action (IAP) usually describes.

Answer 121

* The risk assessment. * The strategy and objectives, including notes relating to critical factors. * The incident structure, showing the resources being used or needed. * The layout of the incident (mud map). * Any other information relevant to resolve or control, such as incoming resources.

Question 122

Question 122. According to the heat stress minimisation fact sheet-exertional heat illness (EHI) occurs in otherwise fit and healthy individuals during vigorous activity while wearing PPC which inhibits the body’s ability to cool effectively. List and describe the three factors that increase the risk of EHI in firefighters found in the fact sheet.

Answer 122

1. Vigorous work demands – the build-up of significant metabolic heat whilst working. 2. Wearing of PPC – inhibits the body’s ability to cool effectively. 3. Extreme environmental heat – including high atmospheric temperatures and high radiant heat

Question 123

Question 123. According to the Clean firefighter policy describe the aim of onsite decontamination.

Answer 123

Ensure zero exposure for firefighters, with all contaminates removed and left at the incident, where possible

Question 124

Question 124. According to SOGs - twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Answer 124

120m

Question 125

Question 125. According to SOGs - list the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations.

Answer 125

* Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur. * Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required. * If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.

Question 126

Question 126. According to the Clean firefighter policy state the definition of exposure.

Answer 126

Exposure: occurs when a harmful substance enters the body through a route (i.e. inhalation, ingestion, or dermal/ocular absorption).

Question 127

Question 127. According to SOGs, Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. List and describe them.

Answer 127

* Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). * Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA. * Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air such as: − Air trolley breathing apparatus (ATBA): A mobile trolley with compressed air cylinders, a valve assembly and an airline connected to an extension facemask. − An independent SCBA set. − SCBA worn by a firefighter: An extension facemask and airline worn by a second person which is attached to the auxiliary connection of an SCBA or EDBA set worn by a firefighter

Question 128

Question 128. According to SOGs, decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. List and describe three ways decontamination can be implemented (not the methods).

Answer 128

* Standard decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk. *Emergency decontamination is implemented where there is a life at risk (a person is rescued from the Hot Zone), or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination. * Mass decontamination is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated.

Question 129

Question 129. According to SOGs - when dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. List and describe considerations to minimise exposure at radiological incidents.

Answer 129

Time – minimise the duration of exposure. Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source. Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people

Question 130

Question 130 According to GSD Radiological Incidents – list the three types of radiation.

Answer 130

Alpha Beta Gamma and X-Rays

Question 131

Question 131. According to SOGs - materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. List three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer 131

* Minimise disturbance * Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray. * Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting.

Question 132

Question 132. Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). There are generally two categories of ACM. List and describe them.

Answer 132

Friable - Any ACM that is in powder form, or that can be reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry Nonfriable - Materials containing asbestos fibres reinforced with a bonding compound.

Question 133

Question 133. According to definitions on the Intranet- describe flashover.

Answer 133

Flashover is a stage in the development of a fire in a room or compartment when the heat from the fire raises the temperature of all the room's contents to their ignition point simultaneously. The room becomes totally engulfed in flames.

Question 134

Question 134. According to Standing Orders - list the purpose of hydrant inspections.

Answer 134

* ensure that hydrants work when needed * notify water authorities of problems with hydrants, and * familiarise crews with hydrants in their area

Question 135

Question 135. According to the After-Action Review (AAR) Policy - AARs are held for the purpose of reviewing organisational performance, resulting in a series of observations, which are analysed to produce thematic insights. What timeframe should a Type 1 review be conducted?

Answer 135

Immediate or as soon as possible

Question 136

Question 136. As stated in in the FRNSW Code of Conduct and Ethics -the NSW government sector and FRNSW values underpin how we interact with our colleagues, the government, stakeholders and members of the community. List the FRNSW and NSW government sector values.

Answer 136

FRNSW Values: - Respect - Integrity - Service - Courage NSW Government Sector Values: - Integrity - Service - Trust - Accountability

Question 137

Question 137. According to FRNSW Managing Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality Policy and Procedure - Any offer of a gift or benefit in excess of $50 or not token in nature, whether it is accepted or not, must be declared with which section of FRNSW?

Answer 137

Professional Standards (PSB)

Question 138

Question 138. According to the infection prevention and control manual, an infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. List the six main transmission routes.

Answer 138

* Direct contact transmission with blood or body substances * Indirect contact transmission * Droplet transmission * Airborne transmission * Gastrointestinal transmission * Vector borne (Zoonotic) transmission.

Question 139

Question 139. The Quarantine and malfunction of equipment and personal protective clothing procedure outlines the procedures to be taken if equipment or personal protective clothing fails at an incident or drill, and it is not a safety incident. List these procedures.

Answer 139

* complete a NIIENMS form * notify the Manager Equipment Management Unit * quarantine the equipment or personal protective clothing

Question 140

Question 140. According to the GSD for Asbestos, the risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List these factors

Answer 140

* Concentration of exposure * Duration of exposure * Fibre characteristics * Other exposures which may compound the likelihood of developing disease

Question 141

Question 141. State the General functions of Commissioner as outlined in 5A of the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989.

Answer 141

(1) It is the duty of the Commissioner to take all practicable measures for preventing and extinguishing fires and protecting and saving life and property in case of fire in any fire district. (2) It is the duty of the Commissioner to take all practicable measures— (a) for protecting and saving life and property endangered by hazardous material incidents, and (b) for confining or ending such an incident, and (c) for rendering the site of such an incident safe. (3) The Commissioner is authorised to take measures anywhere in the State for protecting persons from injury or death and property from damage, whether or not fire or a hazardous material incident is involved and, in the case of a fire, it does not matter whether or not the persons are, or the property is, within a fire district

Question 142

Question 142. According to SOGs - operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List and describe the stages and identify the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer 142

Stage 2 Residents are removed from adjoining rooms and corridors away from the emergency Stage 3 Residents completely evacuated from the building to a nominated safe assembly area

Question 143

Question 143. According to SOGs - during bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy

Answer 143

* warn – tailored to the current situation and locality * move – support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to a safer location * protect – when moving to a safe location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary

Question 143

Question 144. According to SOGs, at a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer 143

Fire control room (FCR)

Question 144

Question 145. According to SOGs, in some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes and the reasons it may not be appropriate for each one

Answer 144

* Industrial complexes – some processes may be difficult to shut down quickly * High-rise buildings – lights or lifts may be needed during evacuation of residents * Health care facilities – life-sustaining equipment may be in use

Question 144

Question 146. According to the FRNSW smoke alarm installation procedure, when installing a smoke alarm in a residential dwelling, what is the most suitable fixing method to attach to surfaces?

Answer 144

Heavy duty double-sided tape.

Question 145

Question 147. Suspicious substance incidents (including suspicious package incidents) are multi-agency incidents. FRNSW, the NSW Police Force and the Ambulance Service of NSW have developed multi-agency procedures to provide emergency services personnel with the knowledge, skills, and ability to ensure a consistent and safe approach for management and resolution of suspicious substance incidents. The level of risk can be identified by a colour. List the colours and the corresponding risk level for each colour.

Answer 145

RED – HIGH BLUE – MEDIUM GREEN – LOW

Question 146

Question 148. Sexual harassment is against the law and never acceptable. FRNSW adopts the legal definition of sexual harassment as per the Anti- Discrimination Act 1977. Describe the meaning of sexual harassment as described in the Act?

Answer 146

For the purposes of this Part, a person sexually harasses another person if— (a) the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person, or (b) the person engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in relation to the other person, in circumstances in which a reasonable person, having regard to all the circumstances, would have anticipated that the other person would be offended, humiliated or intimidated.

Question 147

Question 149. According to Definitions on the intranet - Describe the Critical Incident Support Program.

Answer 147

A program which offers help to FRNSW employees affected by individual traumatic incidents or the cumulative effect of incidents over the course of their career

Question 148

Question 150. According to the Crown Employees FRNSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023- Change of shift agreement. The applicant must apply in writing at least how many hours in advance?

Answer 148

24 Hours

Question 149

Question 151. According to the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989, state the definition of a hazardous material incident?

Answer 149

An actual or impending land-based spillage or other escape of hazardous material that causes or threatens to cause injury or death or damage to property

Question 150

Question 153. According to the Toolkit Workplace Safety- Annual Workplace Safety Inspections aim to reduce the number of safety incidents by identifying and controlling a broad range of potential hazards in FRNSW-owned or leased workplaces. When must each FRNSW-owned or leased workplace be inspected by each year?

Answer 150

By May 31st each year.

Question 150

Question 152. According to the NSW RFS and FRNSW Memorandum of Understanding, in relation to response to AFAs within the jurisdictional, responsibility of the RFS the first arriving brigade can de activate the local alarm. Who can carry out resetting of the alarm?

Answer 150

NSW RFS

Question 151

Question 154. According to SOGs, list the priorities if an LPG cylinder is involved in a fire situation.

Answer 151

* evacuate unnecessary persons; * cool flame impinged on heated tanks and cylinders; * control leaks by closing appropriate valves; and * extinguish fires external to the tank causing flame impingement or heating

Question 152

Question 155. According to SOGs, when using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List all three modes.

Answer 152

Standby mode Activation mode Deactivation mode

Question 153

Question 156. According to the workplace safety toolkit, every workplace should have a prominently displayed Health & Safety Notice Board. List all documents that should be attached.

Answer 153

* SIRA Poster - If you get injured at work * Commissioner's Safety Statement * Safety and Wellbeing Plan 2021-2022 * FRNSW Return to Work Policy and Program Summary * Workplace Evacuation Diagrams – Email your request to propertyhelpdesk@fire.nsw.gov.au * WHS Issue Resolution Flowchart * Guide - NIIENM Submission Workflow * Safety information and Contacts * Safety Representatives Template * First Aid Officers Template (not necessary for stations) * Fire Warden Template (not necessary for stations)

Question 154

Question 157. According to Standing Orders - Smoke screen security devices produce a barrier of dense white fog when a monitored security alarm system is activated. FRNSW may be responded to buildings where the smoke screen has been activated and mistaken for a fire. List two things’ firefighters should consider before entering the building?

Answer 154

* intruders may still be in the building; * a real fire may have set off motion detectors and activated the smoke screen device.

Question 155

Question 158. According to Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation 2023, Section 20 complete the following. (1) A firefighter-

Answer 155

(a) must take care of all articles of uniform and personal equipment issued to the firefighter, and (b) may be required to meet the replacement cost of an article of uniform or equipment damaged or lost through the firefighter’s negligence.

Question 156

Question 159. According to the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023. Section 25.17. Performance of out duties how many out duties can a firefighter be directed to perform per calendar year.

Answer 156

No more than twelve (12) unless a Leading Station Officer is performing higher duties pursuant to clause 23

Question 157

Question 160. According to the GSD for Bulk Solid Storage Facilities - when dealing with fires at bulk solids storage facilities, list the environmental considerations.

Answer 157

* Monitoring of firefighting water run-off. * Preventing run-off from entering water sources. * Where smoke plumes affect populated areas, evacuation of the affected areas.

Question 158

Question 161. At a structure fire incident in the GSA, list the resources that would be responded to a message requiring a “Third Alarm” as stated in SOG 2.3 Alarm Response Protocols).

Answer 158

6 Pumpers 1 Pumper for RIT 1 Rescue 1 Aerial 1 Hazmat 1 LSV ICV (Optional) 2 Duty Commanders

Question 159

Question 162. According to SOGs - confined spaces pose dangers because they are usually not designed to be areas where people work. List the risks of working in a confined space

Answer 159

* Loss of consciousness, impairment, injury, or death due to the immediate effects of airborne contaminants. * Fire or explosion from the ignition of flammable contaminants. * Difficulty rescuing and treating an injured or unconscious person. * Asphyxiation resulting from oxygen deficiency or immersion in a free-flowing material, such as grain, sand, fertiliser, water or other liquid

Question 159

Question 163. According to SOGs Community Fire Units have 3 types of members. List and describe the members and their roles

Answer 159

Operational members: Trained in the safe use of supplied equipment to prepare and protect homes and properties in their area of activity from spot fires and ember attack and assist with mop up in their area of activity Associate members: Provide support functions - monitor public warnings and relay information to the team on bushfire warnings. - patrol and alert operational members to outbreaks of spot fires and ember attacks - pass information between operational members, and other communication tasks. - assist coordinating food and drink supplies for CFU members. - first aid where trained. Cadet members: Aged 16 or 17 Cadet members trained in safe equipment use may act as operational members; otherwise they act as associate members.

Question 160

Question 164. You are responding to a fire call in a Class 3 Scania P320 pumper through small roundabouts in wet weather and the driver reports that the vehicle's brakes are operating independently and intermittently. In accordance with the Operations Bulletin 2014-02, what actions should be taken?

Answer 160

Alter driving behaviour

Question 160

Question 165. According to the SOGs for Incident safety, describe Hazard and Risk.

Answer 160

A hazard is a situation or thing that has the potential to cause harm. A risk is the harm that may be caused by the hazard

Question 161

Question 166. List the principles of the Fire and Rescue NSW eAIRS Data Management Policy.

Answer 161

Accuracy Usefulness Timeliness Security

Question 162

Question 167. Hoses are inspected after use and according to the SIMS schedule. According to the Repairing Firefighting Hose Toolkit on the Intranet, before sending hose for repair, Station Commanders must compare the cost of the anticipated repair with the cost of a replacement hose. When assessing hose describe what must be considered.

Answer 162

* The age and condition * The number of holes previously patched. * The type of damage * The size and location of the hole * The number of holes requiring patching * If the hose can be repaired by shortening the hose rather than repairing the hole) * After repair, a hose must have a maximum of four repaired holes.

Question 163

Question 168. You attend a 3rd Alarm structure fire, and the Incident Commander appoints you the Safety Officer. According to SOGs, list 5 roles the Safety Officer is responsible for.

Answer 163

* Identify unsafe conditions or operations * Communicate with commanders to identify safety concerns and the control measures implemented. * Confirm that all utilities are identified and rendered safe. * Request the appointment of additional Safety Officers if needed. * Maintain awareness of the incident communications plan and incident action plan.

Question 163

Question 169. According to the GSD for Bushfires-A sound knowledge of fire behaviour will allow firefighters to recognise dangerous situations. List the situations that require a high degree of caution.

Answer 163

* you are on a steep slope with fire below you * you are approaching a fire burning slowly downslope from across a steep gully * you are immediately downwind of a large fire * spot fires start to fall in the area around you. * you have heavy fuels between you and the fire edge * you are in an area where there are fine suspended fuels extending some height above the ground.

Question 164

Question 170. You are performing a fire duty after a fire at a factory. The cause is yet to be determined; the Fire Investigation and Research Unit and Police are at work. An employee asks if he can go and retrieve some personal belongings. State Part 3 Section 31 of the Fire and Rescue Regulation 2023.

Answer 164

A firefighter on fire duty or watch duty at the site of a fire, hazardous material incident or other emergency must— (a) ensure a person does not enter, or interfere with or remove goods from, premises at the site unless the person establishes the person’s identity and authority to do so, and (b) if a person unlawfully enters, or interferes with or removes goods from, premises at the site—report the person to the officer in charge at the site.

Question 165

Question 171. According to the GSD for Incident Management, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?

Answer 165

* More fully size up the incident. * Directly supervise the crew. * Assist the crew with task level work if needed. * Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages.

Question 166

Question 173. While participating in a community event at the local oval and armed offender attack occurs. According to SOGs, list and describe what actions you take?

Answer 166

 Escape: remove yourself and others. If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting  Hide: if you cannot escape. Mute all communications. Re-assess situation and options, based on the best available information.  Tell: if safe to do so pass on information to FireCOM or the Police

Question 166

Question 175. Clause 39 of the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023 relates to sick leave. How many hours of sick leave are you entitled to in a calendar year?

Answer 166

144 hours (on full pay)

Question 167

Question 172. Hazardous chemical (Hazchem) emergency action codes provide information for the fire brigade and police on how to deal with a fire or spillage. List what the 3-digit code gives basic information on.

Answer 167

The first digit indicates the equipment suitable for fire fighting and/or for dispersing spillages of dangerous goods The second digit indicates the precautions to be taken in the event of a fire The third digit will either be blank, or an E indicating that a public safety hazard exists.

Question 168

Question 174. According to the SOGs for Bushfires, alert levels are linked to the Fire Danger Ratings and the time to impact on a community. List and describe the alert levels.

Answer 168

 Advice: A fire has started. No immediate danger  Watch and Act: Heightened level of threat with changing conditions  Emergency Warning: Highest level of Bush Fire Alert.

Question 169

Question 176. A Station Inventory Management System (SIMS) display board is provided for each operational fire appliance. List the six components to the SIMS display board

Answer 169

Maintenance Calendar Inspect and Test Worksheets Defect Report Recommended Practice Stowage Configuration Recommended Practice Vehicle Handbook Seals

Question 170

Question 177. According to the GSD for Bulk Petrochemical Storage, what is a petrochemical?

Answer 170

A petrochemical is a hazardous chemical substance derived by refining or processing crude oil, or blending other liquids

Question 171

Question 178. According to FRNSW’s Fatigue Management Procedure, short-term fatigue management is the management of acute fatigue that may occur as a result of tasks undertaken by firefighters during work hours and contributing factors outside of work. As a guide, a break from physically and mentally demanding tasks should be taken how often?

Answer 171

Every four hours

Question 172

Question 179. According to the GSD for Bulk Petrochemical Storage- List the four conditions that must be present for boilover to occur.

Answer 172

* Water must be present * The oil must contain free carbon * The burning oil must produce a heat wave * The oil must be viscous enough to form a froth when the heat wave hits the water and turns the water into steam

Question 173

Question 180. According to SOGs, if CO2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer 173

20 minutes

Question 174

Question 181. According to the GSD for Decontamination, describe what decontamination is.

Answer 174

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people, clothing and equipment to prevent exposure to a contaminant and minimise spread of the contaminant.

Question 175

Question 182. During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, list the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform.

Answer 175

* Do not engage in firefighting under high voltage power lines. * Keep people and vehicles a minimum of 25 metres clear of a fire burning under or near power lines. * If crossing a power line easement, ensure that there is adequate clearance between the highest point of the vehicle and the power lines (between 3 and 8 metres depending on the voltage of the power lines) * Only approach within 25 metres of the power lines to mop up grass fires. * Only knock down low (less than 2 metres high) isolated flames, spots or smouldering logs that are not producing a convection column or heavy smoke plume. * Wait for the fire to burn clear of the cleared areas beneath the power lines before commencing mop-up.

Question 175

Question 183. According to the toolkit on the intranet describe what the Station Inventory Management System is used for and what it consists of.

Answer 175

It is a tool for managing your inspections of operational equipment and appliances. SIMS consists of a set of worksheets for equipment and appliances

Question 176

Question 184. According to the Station Inventory Management System (SIMS) Guide at permanently staffed stations who conducts a pre-operational check of the appliances breathing apparatus?

Answer 176

The wearer

Question 177

Question 185. According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. List all members and their duties

Answer 177

 Decontamination Officer: Establishes the decontamination corridor, manages the decontamination team, debriefs crews exiting the Hot Zone, provides updates to the IC, and records exposures and potential exposures  Wash Operator: Manages the dirty area, directs people about to be decontaminated, decontaminates people, inspects decontaminated people, and manages extension airline for crews being decontaminated  Wash Assistant: Assists and relieves Wash Operator, monitors auxiliary air supply and directs decontaminated people to the disrobe area  Disrobe Assistant: Manages disrobe area, assists with the removal of PPE, bags and tags PPE, and provides water for rehydration  Pump Operator: Manages pump, ensures water supply, and provides BA Control for decontamination team

Question 177

Question 186. At an incident, fire crews believe accelerants may have been used. According to Standing Orders, list the possible signs of accelerant use?

Answer 177

* characteristic burn pattern * indication of fire trailers * rapid fire development inconsistent with available combustible materials * unusual odours * damage to building consistent with a vapour explosion

Question 178

Question 187. According to the toolkit, if you discover a fault while conducting a SIMS inspection on the appliance or equipment, list your actions.

Answer 178

Complete the SIMS defect report and post it on the SIMS board in the station. Make sure your Station Commander is aware of the fault.

Question 179

Question 188. As listed in Section 3 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Act 1989, define flammable matter.

Answer 179

(a) any substance capable of ignition or combustion by the application of heat, by means of sparks or spontaneously, and (b) any substance prescribed as flammable for the purposes of this definition

Question 180

Question 189. State the definition of relieving employee as defined in Clause 4 of the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023.

Answer 180

“Relieving Employee" means an employee serving at a station while not being permanently attached to any one station

Question 181

Question 190. According to the GSD for Incident Management, describe a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).

Answer 181

A report between the IC and any commander that seeks to find out if all resources assigned to the commander can be accounted for

Question 182

Question 191. According to SOGs, FRNSW may be requested to retrieve a reptile from an area where the reptile is causing a possible threat of injury or death to people. Describe the response procedure to this incident.

Answer 182

Proceed under normal road conditions to the reptile retrieval site, unless there is an immediate threat to life.

Question 183

Question 192. According to the GSD for Incident Safety, incident safety worksheets are one method available to create a written record for incident safety. List the information that is recorded on the worksheet

Answer 183

* Incident details * Details of the hazard and/or risk, including its location * Control measures that are planned or in place

Question 184

Question 193 According to the GSD for Incident Management- Describe pre-deployment.

Answer 184

The act of deliberately holding back a short distance from an incident where an IC is in place, making contact with the IC, and waiting until deployed into the incident.

Question 184

Question 194. According to the GSD for Incident Management- Describe Staging.

Answer 184

The act of reporting to a designated Staging area somewhere near the incident and waiting until deployed into the incident.

Question 185

Question 195. You are the Incident Commander at a hazardous materials incident and find water coming from an adjoining business is entering the Hot Zone and spreading contaminants. You order this water supply to be shut off, but the business owner next door complains that he will lose money by shutting down production. State Section 15 Use of water etc of the FRNSW Act?

Answer 185

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may, for the purpose of extinguishing or controlling a fire or confining or ending the incident or rendering the site of the incident safe, without payment— (a) take and use any water from any source on any land, and (b) cause water to flow into or be shut off from any main or pipe.

Question 186

Question 196. According to Clause 46.4 of the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023 what is the minimum period of advertisement for a non-Station based role.

Answer 186

6 weeks

Question 187

Question 198. According to Clause 39.6 of the Crown Employees (Fire and Rescue NSW Permanent Firefighting Staff) Award 2023 relates to unsupported sick leave absences. List when such absences may not be taken.

Answer 187

On consecutive days On public holidays In relation to any matter that may be covered by workers’ compensation.

Question 187

Question 197. According to SOGs, describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer 187

Indicates that primary and secondary searches have been completed for a compartment, location, or the entire structure, at a fire or hazmat incident and confirms that firefighters have checked and no occupants have been located in those locations

Question 188

Question 199. You are responded to a report of an unknown odour at an abandoned petrol station. You inform your crew to prepare a 4-head gas detector for use on arrival. According to recommended practices, what do all Altair 5Xs detect?

Answer 188

* oxygen (O2) percentage of the atmosphere * combined: carbon monoxide (CO), in parts per million and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), in parts per million * combustible gases and some combustible vapours as a percentage of the lower explosive limit (LEL).

Question 189

Question 200. FRNSW is committed to achieving the principles and requirements of the Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy. To achieve this what are all employees responsible for?

Answer 189

* Creating a culturally safe workplace environment which is free from discrimination and everyone is valued and treated with respect * Working collaboratively to recognise and appreciate equity, diversity and inclusion * Identifying and addressing any form of discrimination in the workplace.

Question 190

Question 201. According to the Transfer and Mobility Policy, list the reasons permanent Officers and Firefighters may seek transfer or be transferred to other locations.

Answer 190

* Career development * Operational capability (skills and qualifications development) * Compassionate issues/staff welfare * Location based transfers * Performance/disciplinary

Question 190

Question 202. According to the GSD for Incident Management, when locating a staging area at an incident, list what you should consider

Answer 190

It should be far enough away from the incident to avoid traffic congestion but within radio range. It should be an area large enough to position a number of appliances Should ideally be within walking distance of the incident so an appliance can be left if not needed.

Question 190

Question 203. According to the GSD for Incident Management- A strong command presence from the Incident Commander (IC) is essential at all incidents in order to manage it safely and effectively. Describe what a strong command presence means.

Answer 190

It means that a commander provides effective leadership and direction and is recognised as the commander

Question 191

Question 204. According to the GSD for Incident Management- The FRNSW, Officer in Charge at an incident can be identified by a tabard. List the identifying tabards.

Answer 191

Incident Commander Liaison Officer Operations Officer Safety Officer Staging Officer Rehabilitation Officer Sector Commander Strike Team Leader Logistics Officer Planning Officer Intelligence Officer Public Information Officer Media Officer Finance Officer

Question 191

Question 205. Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to the GSD for Buildings with Insulated Sandwich Panels, list the reasons for this.

Answer 191

1. EPS is highly flammable, liquefies, is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin. 2. Panel delamination 3. There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught. 4. Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke 5. Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.

Question 192

Question 206. According to the GSD for Incident Management, describe critical factors.

Answer 192

Critical factors are a set of elements that can be managed or considered at one time by the IC that, if not dealt with rapidly, cause expansion of the incident, or a threat to firefighters or others

Question 193

Question 207. According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?

Answer 193

− Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District − With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District

Question 194

Question 208. According to Operations Bulletin 2023-02, describe the risk management measures that should be taken when attending incidents involving hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles.

Answer 194

* Conduct atmospheric monitoring with a four head gas detector for LELs to detect if hydrogen is leaking. * Use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to identify if hydrogen fire is present. * Conduct thermal checks using a TIC. If thermal runaway is occurring, use a hose stream to cool. * Establish an exclusion zone (minimum 15 m)

Question 195

Question 209. According to the GSD for Incident Management, critical factors fall into two broad categories. List and describe the two categories.

Answer 195

* Variable – elements that allow for some form of task level action. * Fixed – elements that cannot be changed but need to be considered when developing the incident action plan.

Question 196

Question 210. According to the GSD for Incident Management, describe a 360-degree size up at an incident.

Answer 196

A rapid walk around the incident (360 degrees if possible) to observe the incident from all sides, and perhaps see critical factors not visible from the vehicle.

Question 197

Question 211. You are the Officer in Charge at a hazardous materials incident, and the site manager is failing to cooperate. You advise the site manager of your authority to enter and operate under the FRNSW Act. List the sections of Act that allow you to enter any place and also control and direct the operations.

Answer 197

SECT 12 SECT 13 SECT 16 SECT 19

Question 197

Question 212. According to the Toolkit for Respectful Workplaces, clear communication is one of the best ways to build a respectful workplace and to avoid conflict. What is the tool that will help employees to communicate clearly when addressing difficult topics?

Answer 197

Straight Talk

Question 198

Question 213. According to the Toolkit for Mental fitness, what program offers an external service that provides professional and confidential counselling/coaching to help you with challenges, issues or concerns that may be affecting you at work or home?

Answer 198

Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Question 198

Question 214. According to SOGs, during the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer 198

Command is only terminated when the last FRNSW leaves the incident

Question 199

Question 215. According to SOGs, describe four of the principles of situation evaluation in incident management?

Answer 199

Pre-incident: a pre-incident plan (PIP) for a site identifies critical factors that need to be addressed should an incident occur at that location. En-route: en route information collection can begin as soon as the call is received from the call printout, pre-incident plans, maps and local plans, and observations made en-route Initial size up: is done by the IC from within the first arriving vehicle on arrival at the incident and begin the process of identifying and evaluating critical factors 360 degree size up: a rapid walk around the incident to observe the incident from all sides, and perhaps see critical factors not visible from the vehicle

Question 200

Question 216. According to the Recommended Practice, describe why the thermal imaging camera may or may not be suitable for use in a flammable atmosphere.

Answer 200

TICs are not intrinsically safe and so are not suitable for potentially flammable atmospheres

Question 201

Question 217. According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer 201

The plan developed that describes, at any one point, how the IC plans to resolve or control the incident.

Question 202

Question 218. According to the GSD for Incident Management– List and describe the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer 202

* Small – One hose lay can cover the entire structure. * Medium – One hose lay can cover 75% of the structure. * Large – One hose lay will cover 50% of the structure. * Very large – One hose lay will cover 25% of the structure. * Mega – One hose lay will cover 10% of the structure.

Question 203

Question 219. As stated in GSD for Incident Management, Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format. What should include?

Answer 203

* Confirmation of address. * Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards. * Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy. * Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements

Question 204

Question 220. According to Standing Orders, the Community Activities Reporting System (CARs) is the platform for reporting community activities engaged in at a station level and by our other specialist units. Who is authorised to enter completed activities in CARs?

Answer 204

Any member of the crews participating in the activity can complete the report, provided that they have direct knowledge of the information they are submitting

Question 205

Question 221. According to FRNSW’s Cyber Security Policy, employees are responsible to protect the information they use and manage as part of their daily job. Employees are expected to complete Cyber Security Awareness Training how often?

Answer 205

Annually

Question 206

Question 222. According to the Bushfire Hazard Reduction Procedure - There are two types of broad area prescribed burns. List and describe them.

Answer 206

‘simple’ is characterised by low risk, low intensity, small area, low potential impact on assets, completion in one shift and minimal variation of fuel and terrain. ‘complex’ is characterised by moderate to high risk, a range of fire intensity, medium to large areas, significant potential impact on assets and involve a variety of fuels and terrain.

Question 207

Question 224. According to the Bushfire hazard Reduction Policy, list occasions when prescribed burning conducted by FRNSW is not permitted in a fire district.

Answer 207

* there is a total fire ban (TOBAN) * the EPA has issued a No-Burn Notice (unless prior exemption has been granted) * the Fire Behaviour Index (FBI) is greater than 23

Question 207

Question 223. According to the Bushfire Hazard reduction procedure, pile burns may be carried out by FRNSW to dispose of vegetation resulting from which activities?

Answer 207

* bush regeneration/weed removal from authorised activities eg Landcare on behalf of local council * agricultural activities

Question 208

Question 226. According to the GSD for Incident Management, review and revision is undertaken to ensure that the IAP meets the ongoing tactical requirements of the incident and considers the safety of the firefighters. List the questions that review, and revision can help to answer.

Answer 208

* Are the objectives of the IAP being achieved? * Are the strategy and tactics employed safe? * Are the tactics effective?

Question 209

Question 225. According to Case Study 2023-06, four firefighters injured by unauthorised equipment, during 2020-2021, four firefighters required treatment in hospital after being injured by unauthorised equipment that had been brought into FRNSW workplaces. What is the definition of unauthorised equipment as described in the case study.

Answer 209

Unauthorised equipment is any item which is purchased, introduced, or used within an FRNSW workplace that has not first met the requirements of the Procurement Manual.

Question 210

Question 227 According to the Guidelines for Managing Unsatisfactory Performance for Permanent and Retained Firefighters, describe generally unsatisfactory performance.

Answer 210

Unsatisfactory performance means not undertaking required tasks, or meeting timeframes or expected or required standards of work

Question 211

Question 228. According to Standing Orders, who must be contacted before conducting PIP inspections on a premises to ensure the information is accurate?

Answer 211

The building owner or occupier.

Question 212

Question 229. According to the Six Minute Intensive Training – for Door entry, list the door entry techniques that can be used with the Halligan tool?

Answer 212

Inward Adze Roll Technique Fork Drive Outward Adze (drive and steer)

Question 213

Question 230. According to the Six Minute Intensive Training for Door entry, list and, describe the five steps to forcing a door?

Answer 213

1. Size up – assess urgency. If it is not time critical, consider passive ways of making entry 2. Gap – work the tool between the door and door stop or frame to create a workable gap. Initial striking the Halligan tool with a sledge axe may be required 3. Set – With a gap established, manoeuvre tool to complete the forced entry 4. Force- use mechanical advantage leverage of the tool to complete the spread 5. Control – open the door in such a way so as not to have an adverse effect on the situation

Question 214

Question 231. According to Six Minute Intensive Training, Search and Rescue, during Firefighting Operations, what does fire attack crew never ignore?

Answer 214

A casualty

Question 215

Question 232. According to the Six Minute Intensive Training for Search and Rescue during Firefighting Operations, the objective of a search is to confirm an ALL CLEAR, this is usually broken into two components, list and describe them?

Answer 215

PRIMARY SEARCH rapid and systematic. Usually carried out simultaneously with fire attack if fire conditions and crew response allow SECONDARY SEARCH more thorough and methodical. Undertaken to confirm casualties have not been missed

Question 216

Question 233. According to the GSD for Incident Management, describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from an offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer 216

Withdraw – indicates firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. Abandon – indicates immediate threat to firefighter lives and firefighters must exit the structure or position they are in immediately, only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety.

Question 216

Question 234. As stated in Six Minute Intensive Training – Search and rescue during firefighting operations, list the signs that would indicate it’s time to withdraw.

Answer 216

* Worsening fire/smoke conditions * Signs of structural collapse * Previously unknown hazards * Emergency Radio Message signaling

Question 217

Question 235. According to Safety Bulletin 2023-03 TIC lanyard entanglement risk - If the TIC needs to be handed between members of firefighting or search and rescue teams, describe the safest method to pass to the front firefighter.

Answer 217

Do so around the side of the body of the front firefighter

Question 218

Question 236. According to the Six Minute Intensive Training, working safely on roads, what is the purpose of placing an appliance in the fend off position?

Answer 218

It uses the appliances bulk and visibility to form a physical barrier protecting FRNSW personnel, other emergency services and patients from oncoming traffic.

Question 218

Question 237. According to the SIMS worksheet, warning gear is used to mark off incidents sites and warn the public that FRNSW operations are nearby. As listed on the worksheet list the warning gear

Answer 218

Eflare or strobe kit Hazard Ahead sign barrier and hazmat Hot Zone tape witches hats breakdown road triangles yellow marking paint.

Question 219

Question 238. According to the SIMS Worksheet for extinguishers, all extinguishers are inspected and serviced by who and at what timeframes?

Answer 219

A competent person six monthly, annually and five yearly

Question 220

Question 239. According to the Toolkit, Mayday – Firefighter down, list the fast technique for removing a firefighter who is unconscious or has a decreased level of consciousness from their full firefighting ensemble and BA so that they can be assessed and treated.

Answer 220

Mayday Drag for Rapid Primary Assessment

Question 221

Question 240. According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care, what should you do?

Answer 221

Observe the patient until the ambulance arrives

Question 222

Question 241. According to the GSD for Incident Management-, until the IC delegates functional areas, the IC is managing all functions. The IC can delegate whatever functions are required to improve span of control, or deal with critical factors. List 5 of the functional roles that can be delegated

Answer 222

Operations Planning Logistics Public Information Intelligence

Question 223

Question 242. According to the Recommended practice for Personal Protective Clothing, equipment and uniform, to ensure visibility, firefighters must always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working on roadways. List the PPE that can be used

Answer 223

Structural firefighting coat Multi-purpose coat High Visibility vest High visibility raincoat Duty wear trousers Structural firefighting trousers

Question 223

Question 245 According to the Recommended Practice, list the safety precautions when using extension ladders.

Answer 223

* The maximum number of persons permitted on the ladder at any time is two. * Exercise care when ascending and descending ladders. * Ensure 3 points of contact on the ladder. A point of contact is either a hand holding a rung, or a foot firmly placed on a rung. * A firefighter must always foot the ladder by standing on the anti-slip feet and holding either the rungs or the handles when anybody is on the ladder. * Maintain a working angle of 4:1. For every 4 metres the head of the ladder extends up the wall, the base of the ladder must be a metre from the wall

Question 224

Question 243. According to the GSD Incident Management, there are several ways to communicate at an incident. List the most effective and preferred method.

Answer 224

Face-to-face

Question 224

Question 244. According to SOGs, where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer 224

The senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire

Question 225

Question 246. According to SOG 18.3, there are two levels of incident ground rehabilitation. Describe when Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation is recommended.

Answer 225

* Level 1 Rehab – recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehabilitation capability * Level 2 Rehab – recommended for: − long duration incidents − in circumstances where crew rotation is limited − hot and dry, or cold and wet, conditions − where working conditions are arduous − where breathing apparatus usage and rotation is high, or − where specialist incident ground rehabilitation capabilities are required

Question 226

Question 247. According to the GSD for Incident Safety, FRNSW manages the safety of firefighters at incidents using what two strategies that lay out safe working practices?

Answer 226

Training Doctrine

Question 227

Question 248. According to the GSD for Incident Safety, there are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer 227

Task Tactical Strategic

Question 228

Question 249. Describe the term Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) as found on the intranet.

Answer 228

The maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker may be exposed for no more than 15 minutes, 4 times a day over an 8 hour day with 60 minutes between exposures.

Question 229

Question 250. According to the GSD for Incident Safety, what safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer 229

Incident Safety Worksheet

Question 229

Question 251. According to the GSD for Illicit Laboratories, list the categories of illicit labs.

Answer 229

* Active lab * Inactive lab * Stored lab or ‘a boxed lab’ * Used site * Hydroponics site

Question 230

Question 253. According to the GSD for Illicit Laboratories, describe what FRNSW defines as an illicit lab.

Answer 230

Any site used for unauthorised storage, processing or manufacturing of illicit substances, including drugs, chemicals, explosives, biological and radiological substances

Question 231

Question 252. According to the GSD for Electricity, describe what each letter of UPS. stands for.

Answer 231

Uninterruptible power supply

Question 232

Queston 254. According to the GSD for Illicit laboratories, if you find yourself in what you believe to be an illicit lab, list the do nots associated.

Answer 232

− Do not close or open cupboard doors or fridges − Do not attempt to shut down any reaction processes in an operating laboratory.

Question 233

Question 255 As stated in the Infection prevention and control manual, a yellow sharps container must always be available on every appliance and in each fire station to enable appropriate and safe disposal of sharps. Who must ensure that one is available?

Answer 233

The Station Commander

Question 234

Question 256 According to Standing Orders what are the aims of annual occupational health and safety inspections of all fire stations and workplaces?

Answer 234

* reduce the number of accidents by identifying hazards * remove potential hazards * provide an ongoing assessment of the health and safety of workplaces * develop and promote safe working environments and practices

Question 235

Question 257. According to Standing Orders Risk Management – Describe what a Pre incident plan is.

Answer 235

A tool firefighters use by gathering and compiling information about high risk occupancies that will assist them to reduce the impact of emergency incidents that may occur.

Question 236

Question 258. According to Standing Orders, list the procedures Incident Controllers must follow when handing over control at the conclusion of an incident:

Answer 236

1. Seek out a person for the site and advise them that Fire and Rescue NSW believes the incident to be under control and is preparing to leave the scene. 2. Request the person accept responsibility for the building, vehicle, vessel or property. 3. Fill in the Site handover form and ensure that the original and the copy are signed by both the Incident Controller and the person accepting responsibility. 4. Send a message to the Communication Centre advising that control has been passed to another person or entity 5. Advise the senior Police Officer on scene, if any, that Fire and Rescue NSW has transferred control, and to whom. 6. Where there is nobody to pass control to, ensure as far as practicable that the scene and any property is secured, or that appropriate arrangements are in place to safeguard it 7. Include details of the person or entity to whom control was passed in the AIRS report together with the precise time of handover.

Question 237

Question 260. According to the GSD for Water Rescue, list who the legislated combat agency is for flood, storm and tsunami.

Answer 237

NSW SES

Question 237

Question 259. According to Standing Orders, why is a site handover form completed and what information does it include?

Answer 237

The Site handover form is used to capture relevant information when transferring responsibility for an incident site from Fire and Rescue NSW to another party It includes information on hazards that could be encountered at the site, and recommendations on safety precautions.

Question 238

Question 261. Section 28 of the Work Health and Safety Act 2011, lists the duties of workers while at work. List these duties.

Answer 238

(a) take reasonable care for his or her own health and safety, and (b) take reasonable care that his or her acts or omissions do not adversely affect the health and safety of other persons, and (c) comply, so far as the worker is reasonably able, with any reasonable instruction that is given by the person conducting the business or undertaking to allow the person to comply with this Act, and (d) co-operate with any reasonable policy or procedure of the person conducting the business or undertaking relating to health or safety at the workplace that has been notified to workers.

Question 238

Question 262. According to SOGs when establishing a hot zone at a major LPG gas leak, what distances should be established around tanks?

Answer 238

300 m from sides and 900 m from ends of tanks 900 m in all directions around rail cars

Question 239

Question 263. Safety and Operations Bulletins are communication tools that can be used as part of a plan to manage a risk or communicate an issue. According to Safety and Operations Bulletins policy list what are all staff responsible for?

Answer 239

* reading and following instructions and guidelines in Safety and Operations Bulletins that relate to them or their workplace * undertaking any actions required of them by a Safety or Operations Bulletin * discussing with their supervisor any aspects of the bulletin they do not clearly understand.

Question 240

Question 264. Section 46 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation 2023 deals with false alarms. State the provisions of this section.

Answer 240

For the Act, section 42(1)(e), the charge prescribed is $1,600 if— (a) the false alarm resulted from the activation of the alarm other than during a test of which prior notice was given to a fire brigade officer and that the Commissioner is satisfied was properly carried out, and (b) it is the second or subsequent occasion of a false alarm by the alarm, in circumstances specified in paragraph (a), during a period of 60 days.

Question 241

Question 265. Section 18 of the Fire and Rescue NSW Regulation 2023 refers to damage or misuse of departmental property. State the provisions of this clause.

Answer 241

A firefighter must not—(a) wilfully or negligently damage departmental property, or (b) fail to promptly report damage to departmental property, regardless of how the damage was caused, or (c) use departmental property for an unauthorised purpose, or (d) engage, whether directly or indirectly, in unauthorised use of departmental property.