SOC 100 - Slide 2

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

Leads to familiarity and comfort in social interactions or divisions and “otherness”

Question 2

Language

Answer 2

Reflects priorities, history and spirit of a culture

  - Includes slang, argot, euphemisms 
  - Includes non verbal communication

Question 3

Sapir- Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 3

Language influences cognition

- Mailman; fireman; anchorman

Question 4

Formal Norms

Answer 4

Laws; professional certification requirement

Question 5

Taboos

Answer 5

Intense prohibited behaviour

 ex. Incest

Question 6

Mores

Answer 6

Reflect our most cherished principles

- Child Labour

Question 7

Informal Norma

Answer 7

Give up bus seat to elderly person, queue in hall until classroom is empty; face doors in elevator

Question 8

Folkways

Answer 8

Questioning/ not your instructor - cultural differences

Question 9

Sanctions

Answer 9

Rewards and penalties for conduct

Question 10

Discourse

Answer 10

Refers to the way we conceptualizer and talk about an issue

-Individualist discourse
stresses importance of the community
versus
individualist discourse
focused on importance of individual common good as a coherent concept

  Addiction is an illness or an individual failing

Question 11

Subculture

Answer 11

group that shared the cultural elements of the larger society but also has its own distinctive values, beliefs, norms, style of dress, and behaviour patterns

Hippies, cosplay

Question 12

Counterculture

Answer 12

subculture that rejects conventional norms and values and adopts alternative ones

Question 13

High Culture

Answer 13

High income group preferences, tastes, and norms

• Ex. fine arts, ballet

Excludes more people than it includes

Question 14

Popular (mass) culture

Answer 14

culture of “ordinary” ( majority) people; objects, preferences, and tastes that are widespread in society

Question 15

Cultural Capital

Answer 15

Body of knowledge and social skills that help people get ahead socially

• People with a lot of cultural capital also have a lot of social capital

Question 16

Social Capital

Answer 16

Includes resources ( both economic and non economic that gains from being part of a network of social relationships

Question 17

Cultural Literacy

Answer 17

Enough general knowledge of a society’s popular culture that allows one to communicate effectively with an adult member of that society

Question 18

Dimension of Culture (PST)

Answer 18

1. Physical
   Ex. Metropolitan Toronto
2. Social
   Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Social Class
3. Temporal
   Ex. Culture Evolves

Question 19

Globalization

Answer 19

Increased flow of goods, services and information beyond state boundaries

Question 20

Cultural Lag

Answer 20

Non- material culture struggles to keep up with material culture

techno change or smtg similar like tools, develop faster than society can process the change

Question 21

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 21

Global Dominance of American Culture

Question 22

Cultural Functionalism

Answer 22

Culture reflects the needs of society

value of multiculturalism because we need to increase our population through immigration and not enough people of british or french stock want to immigrant here

Question 23

Marxist

Answer 23

Culture determined by political-economic structure

Capitalism requires that we are generous towards those in need because capitalism is responsible for inequalities

• culture can be manipulated by dominant groups and employed to maintain hegemony

Question 24

Hegemony

Answer 24

Set of relatively non-coercive methods of maintaining power used by the dominant class
- through media or legal system

Question 25

Antonio Gramsci ( 1891-1937)

Answer 25

Notebook (Prison)

*Theory of cultural hegemony

Question 26

Cultural Hegemony

Answer 26

The domination of the masses by prevailing ideas and cultural forms important to smaller but more dominant groups in society

 The dominating groups wins the voluntary consent of popular masses 

Domination - uses state force

Question 27

Max Weber

Answer 27

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism - Symbolic Interactionism

Culture is not a product of social or political structure but is a product of creative individual members of society

concluded that Protestantism aided the advancement of capitalism

Question 28

Erving Goffman / Symbolic Interactionism/ total institution

Answer 28

we perform a role based on cultural script in our interactions with others

manage impressions of ourselves on the front stage and our real selves are back on back stage

• dramaturgical perspective
  Front stage is what we show society and back stage is our true self