SOC 134 Final

Question 1

Racialized strikebreaking

Answer 1

A type of thinking where African American workers are brought in to replace workers on strike

Question 2

Blumer’s theory of group position

Answer 2

Race prejudice exists in a sense of group position rather than in the set of feelings members of one racial group have toward the members of another racial group

Question 3

Split Labor

Answer 3

Wages for the same job are different for members of different ethnic groups.

Question 4

Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis

Answer 4

The movement of people and businesses from inner cities to the suburbs has caused an increase in employment problems for those who continue to live in the city, primarily blacks.

Question 5

Homosocial reproduction/ Cultural matching

Answer 5

“Cultural fit”: people are more comfortable with people who look like them, so they are more likely to employ those who have the same skin color as them

Question 6

Network effects

Answer 6

More connections with people lead to more job opportunities, especially if they trust you

Question 7

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

Answer 7

Deceived 600+ Black men with syphilis into thinking they were being treated for “bad blood”

Question 8

Non-SES sources for health disparity

Answer 8

• Prestige- unequal deference- survey on patient encounters
• Neighborhood effects- parks, nutrition, health care, toxic waste

Question 9

Involuntary experimentation

Answer 9

Experiments carried out that do not receive explicit informed consent from participants, unethical

Question 10

Hispanic Health Paradox

Answer 10

HIspanics appear to have better health outcomes relative to Non-Hispanic Whites across various health measures. The role of acculturation, ethnic enclave, and immigration selectivity are all contributors

Question 11

Environmental Racism

Answer 11

Policies that disproportionately disadvantage nonwhite communities

Question 12

Skull Valley

Answer 12

Reservation in Utah surrounded by mining, chemical weapons, and incinerators led to high levels of cancer, lung disease, birth defects, and pollutants in breast milk

Question 13

Dakota Pipeline

Answer 13

Government took land illegally (going against treaty) and approved construction without approval from Native American communities despite tribes’ opposition due to greenhouse gas emissions and concerns it would contaminate the water

Question 14

Hyde Park

Answer 14

African American community in Georgia fell in from industrial contaminants. They began to administer their own tests on soil, filed lawsuits, and secured funds to remove chemical toxins

Question 15

Flint Michigan

Answer 15

Cost-cutting poisonous lead levels in Black community water. Complaints were ignored.

Question 16

Intelligence Testing

Answer 16

The argument that there is a difference in intellectual abilities between races (scored based on IQ), which can be attributed to genetic factors.

Question 17

Scientific Racism

Answer 17

The belief that there exists genetic and biological differences between races.

Question 18

Homogenization vs Polarization

Answer 18

*Homogenization is the process of making things uniform and similar
*Polarization is the division of contrasting groups or sets of opinions/beliefs

Question 19

Intersectionality

Answer 19

Defining characteristics such as race, gender, and ethnicity may combine to result in different levels of discrimination

Question 20

Racialization

Answer 20

The practice of ascribing racial identity. Associating racial categories with previously racially unclassified groups or practices and imparting social and symbolic meaning to it. Often related to perceived phenotypical traits of groups. Imposed by dominant groups in hierarchical terms (either positive or negative)

Question 21

Schermerhorn’s Definition of ethnicity

Answer 21

Common ancestry, history, symbolic elements, and self-consciousness

Question 22

5 fallacies

Answer 22

• Individualistic: assumes racism only occurs in “racist people”
• Legalistic: eliminating racist laws eliminates racism intself
• Tokenistic: the presence of people of color in influential positions means racism has decreased
• Ahistorical: racism in the past is not relevant today
• Fixed: racism has always looked the same throughout time

Question 23

Bracero Program

Answer 23

permitted millions of Mexican men to work legally in the United States on short-term labor contracts

Question 24

Immigrant selectivity

Answer 24

the notion that migrants are not a random sample of the population at origin, but differ in certain traits such as educational attainment from individuals who stay behind.

Question 25

Hart-Cellar Act of 1965

Answer 25

Immigration act that equalized immigration quotas for all countries. This caused diversification in America, but had the side effect of increasing the amount of illegal immigrants in the country.

Question 26

Classic assimilation vs Segmented assimilation theory

Answer 26

• Classic assimilation: Immigrants replace old ways with new mainstream ways
  *Segmented assimilation: Paths to assimilation have diversified. (Upward, Downward, and ethnic mobility. School failure, risky behavior, incarceration)

Question 27

Panethnicity

Answer 27

Different groups build institutions and identities. (Second generation, higher income/education weakening, More cultural than political)

Question 28

Crimmigration (IIRIRA)

Answer 28

Conflating Mexicans with crime, scapegoating
Curtail due process protections and judicial review
“Aggravated felonies”, applied retroactively
Golash-Boza: deportation is “systemic racism”
Effects on community: policing and surveillance

Question 29

Cultural capital

Answer 29

being introduced to practices that will advantage one later in life

Question 30

Hidden Curriculum

Answer 30

unspoken ways to ask in a school/professional environment

Question 31

Social capital

Answer 31

Social connections that are used to ones advantage

Question 32

Oppositional culture

Answer 32

Minority groups developing a collection of behaviors, aesthetics, linguistics, and spiritual attitudes that directly oppose white culture

Question 33

Stereotype Threrat

Answer 33

The fear that certain actions in your everyday life can confirm a stereotype about your racial group in the eyes of others and maybe even your own eyes. (Intellectual ability tests, when black people were told that they were being tested on problem solving they did fine, but when told they were being tested on intellectual ability they did worse out of fear of confirming a negative stereotype about black people being less intelligent)

Question 34

Tracking

Answer 34

Setting students in different classes based on their perceived ability

Question 35

Affirmative Action

Answer 35

Policies and practices put in place to address past wrongs

Question 36

School to prison pipeline

Answer 36

a third of students sent to jail from teachers are African American, disproportionately places people of color into the criminal justice system