SOC 14 - THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are antagonistic pairs?
Muscles that work together to create a movement.
What is the role of the agonist in an antagonistic pair?
The agonist is the muscle that contracts.
What is the role of the antagonist in an antagonistic pair?
The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes to allow movement.
What are the muscles associated with the elbow?
Biceps / Triceps
What are the muscles associated with the knee?
Hamstring / Quadriceps
What are the muscles associated with the ankle?
Gastrocnemius / Tibialis anterior
What are the muscles associated with the hip?
Gluteals / Hip flexor ( involved in hip flexion. )
What are the two main types of muscle fibers?
Slow twitch (type I) and fast twitch (type II)
What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibers?
Suit endurance activities; can work for long periods of time; darker in color due to Myoglobin
What is Myoglobin?
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles
What are the two further types of fast twitch muscle fibers?
Type IIa and Type IIx
What are the characteristics of Type IIa muscle fibers?
Used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training; increase resistance to fatigue
What are the characteristics of Type IIx muscle fibers?
Used in anaerobic work; generate more power than other muscle fibers; fatigue quickly
What types of events are fast twitch muscle fibers suited for?
Speed events such as sprinting or jumping
What are muscle fibres?
Make up voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type I, type IIa, and type IIx.
What characterizes Type I muscle fibres?
Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work, e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing.
What are Type IIa muscle fibres used for?
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue.
What distinguishes Type IIx muscle fibres?
Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly.
What is myoglobin?
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles.