SOC 14 - THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

What are antagonistic pairs?

A

Muscles that work together to create a movement.

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2
Q

What is the role of the agonist in an antagonistic pair?

A

The agonist is the muscle that contracts.

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3
Q

What is the role of the antagonist in an antagonistic pair?

A

The antagonist is the muscle that relaxes to allow movement.

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4
Q

What are the muscles associated with the elbow?

A

Biceps / Triceps

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5
Q

What are the muscles associated with the knee?

A

Hamstring / Quadriceps

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6
Q

What are the muscles associated with the ankle?

A

Gastrocnemius / Tibialis anterior

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7
Q

What are the muscles associated with the hip?

A

Gluteals / Hip flexor ( involved in hip flexion. )

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8
Q

What are the two main types of muscle fibers?

A

Slow twitch (type I) and fast twitch (type II)

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibers?

A

Suit endurance activities; can work for long periods of time; darker in color due to Myoglobin

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10
Q

What is Myoglobin?

A

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles

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11
Q

What are the two further types of fast twitch muscle fibers?

A

Type IIa and Type IIx

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Type IIa muscle fibers?

A

Used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training; increase resistance to fatigue

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Type IIx muscle fibers?

A

Used in anaerobic work; generate more power than other muscle fibers; fatigue quickly

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14
Q

What types of events are fast twitch muscle fibers suited for?

A

Speed events such as sprinting or jumping

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15
Q

What are muscle fibres?

A

Make up voluntary (skeletal) muscle; divided into type I, type IIa, and type IIx.

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16
Q

What characterizes Type I muscle fibres?

A

Slow twitch muscle fibres; suited to low intensity work, e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing.

17
Q

What are Type IIa muscle fibres used for?

A

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue.

18
Q

What distinguishes Type IIx muscle fibres?

A

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work and can generate much greater force than other fibre types, but fatigue quickly.

19
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles.