Soc2

Question 1

Define deviance

Answer 1

Any attitude, behavior, or condition that violates cultural norms or societal laws and results in disapproval, hostility, or sanction

Question 2

Define social control

Answer 2

the attempts of particular people or groups to control the behaviors of other individuals and groups in order to increase the likelihood they will conform to the established norms or laws of a given society

Question 3

Define social control

Answer 3

the attempts of particular people or groups to control the behaviors of other individuals and groups in order to increase the likelihood they will conform to the established norms or laws of a given society

Question 4

What is informal Deviance?

Answer 4

Actions and behaviors that violate social norms

Question 5

What is formal deviance?

Answer 5

Actions and behaviors that violate formally enacted rules

Question 6

What is formal social control?

Answer 6

Official attempts to discourage certain behaviors and visibly punish others, most often exercised by the state

Question 7

What is informal social control?

Answer 7

The unofficial mechanisms through which deviance is discouraged in society, most often occurs among ordinary people during the course of their interactions

Question 8

What’s is the subcultural theory?

Answer 8

deviance is a result of conflicting interests or cultural norms of more and less powerful segments of a population

Question 9

Structural strain theory

Answer 9

proposal that pressure derived from social factors, such as lack of income or lack of quality education, drives individuals to commit crime

Question 10

Structural strain opportunity theory

Answer 10

crimes result from a high number of illegitimate opportunities and not from a lack of legitimate ones

Question 11

Class-Dominant theory

Answer 11

theoretical perspective that who is labeled as deviant (or criminal) is determined by the interest of the dominant class in a particular society

Question 12

Structural contradiction theory

Answer 12

conflicts generated by fundamental contradictions in the structure of a society produce laws defining certain

Question 13

Structural contradiction theory

Answer 13

conflicts generated by fundamental contradictions in the structure of a society produce laws defining certain

Question 14

Labeling theory of deviance

Answer 14

deviance is the result of the labels people attach to certain types of behaviors

Question 15

Differential association

Answer 15

the theory that deviant and criminal behavior is socially learned when deviance is positively reinforced

Question 16

Income

Answer 16

The amount of money a person (or family) earns in a given time

Question 17

Wealth

Answer 17

The value of everything a person owns minus everything they owe

Question 18

Political power

Answer 18

ability to influence political institutions to achieve one’s interests

Question 19

Class

Answer 19

a recognized social category typically associated with income, wealth, occupation, or political power

Question 20

Status

Answer 20

prestige associated with a social position

Question 21

Automation

Answer 21

the replacement of human labor by machines in the production process

Question 22

Symbolic analysts

Answer 22

highly educated professionals who engage in mental labor, and in the manipulations of symbols

Question 23

Outsourcing

Answer 23

the practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods

Question 24

Social inequality

Answer 24

a high degree of disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige and other resources

Question 25

Social stratification

Answer 25

the systematic ranking of different groups of people in a hierarchy of inequality

Question 26

Ascribed Status

Answer 26

social position linked to characteristics that are socially significant but cannot generally be altered

Question 27

Achieved status

Answer 27

social position linked to an individual’s acquisition of socially valued credentials or skills

Question 28

Social mobility

Answer 28

the upward or downward status movement of individuals or groups over time

Question 29

Meritocracy

Answer 29

The belief that personal success is based on talent and individual effort

Question 30

The middle class makes up _% of the world’s population, but consumes _% of the world’s resources

Answer 30

5%, 20%

Question 31

Define global inequality

Answer 31

the systematic disparities in income, wealth, health, education, access to technology, opportunity, and power among countries, communities, and households around the world

Question 32

What are the four measures of global inequality?

Answer 32

Health, sanitation, education, and technology

Question 33

Modernization theory

Answer 33

poverty was the norm, and as societies adopt modern technologies, institutions, and practices are the only ones who escape poverty

Question 34

Dependency theory

Answer 34

poverty of some countries is due to the exploitation by wealthier states, which permeate the country to control their economy and politics

Question 35

World systems theory

Answer 35

poverty of some countries is due to the exploitation by wealthier states, which permeate the country to control their economy and politics

Question 36

Institutional Prejudice

Answer 36

unequal treatment embedded in the social institutions designed to serve everyone equally

Question 37

Individual prejudice

Answer 37

overt and unintentional actions based on prejudices directed at individual people

Question 38

Symbolic racism

Answer 38

people who believe the plight of minorities is self imposed now that society is tolerance

Question 39

Modern racism

Answer 39

when people allow race to influence their judgments when there are alternative explanations for our behavior

Question 40

Implicit Bias

Answer 40

People’s utilization of unconscious biases when making judgments about people from different groups

Question 41

Occupational Segregation by Gender

Answer 41

the concentration of men and women in different occupations

Question 42

Glass ceiling

Answer 42

an artificial boundary that allows women to see the benefits of a promotion but face social/structural obstacles to get there

Question 43

Motherhood Mandate

Answer 43

The expectations that adult females be concerned with having children and raising them well

Question 44

Second shift

Answer 44

The expectation that working women still maintain the majority of the domestic duties when in the home