Soci 250

Question 1

What is criminology ?

Answer 1

is the scientific study of criminal behaviour , crime prevention, and the punishment and rehabilitation of offenders

• attempts to explain how and why crime occurs
• involves a wide range of sub fields
• I an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to understanding social behaviour

Question 2

Subfields that fall under criminology :

Answer 2

• Criminal statistics
• Sociology of law
• theory construction
• penology
• victimology

Question 3

Etiology: why does it happen?

Answer 3

(biology) genes how much genetic relationship ship factor in the likelihood of doing the same thing

Question 4

3 approaches in crime and deviance :

Answer 4

1. legal approach : an act criminal or not criminal
   - 18 is in criminal code
2. statistical approach
   - what is right and wrong
   - society deems what is normal “social norms”
3. Multi dimensional approach
   - social consensus
   - perceived harmfulness
   - severity of response

Question 5

what is a consensus crime ?

Answer 5

(regulation)
high degree of wrongfulness
very harmful
(murder, rape, kidnapping)

Question 6

Conflict crimes

Answer 6

• still deemed illegal
• (regulation)
• largely perceived to be harmful
• (marijuna, prositution, vandalism)

Question 7

Social Deviation

Answer 7

• (revision)
• disagreements about wrongfulness
• somewhat harmful
• punishment vs rehabilitation
• swearing, bullying,

Question 8

Social Diversion

Answer 8

• (rejection)
  -many disagreements about wrongfulness
• not harmful
• informal punishment
  (riding skateboard on sidewalk, face tattoos)

Question 9

Functionalist Perspetive

Answer 9

• secure integration in society
• preserve social order and stability
• benefits all citizens

Question 10

MIDTERM #

What is hagans typology period, provide examples of its limitations .

Answer 10

Hagans typology helps us understand how the definitions change overtime and the forces behind the change

LIMITATIONS: assumes agreement on all 3 dimensions

• assumes democratic process in reaching agreement
• missing dimensions (seriousness can be broken down further )

Question 11

Agents of socialization

Answer 11

1. school
2. family
3. mass medis
4. state
   does not define crime and deviance but also shapes our perception of crime.

Question 12

FIVE FACTORS

Answer 12

1. people remember more about crime related news then others
2. crime news triggers emotions
3. crime news coverage increasing while crime rates decreasing
4. people who watch news more to believe crime rates increasing
5. reported before disposition

Question 13

Collective integrity

Answer 13

• crimes that endanger our collective identity
• crimes that show social order is breaking down
• high profile victim

ex–> future olympic polo player charged after Vancouver riots

Question 14

Official vs unofficial crime

Answer 14

Official: criminal events that are detected , reported, and recorded (police data)

unofficial : is public, reported every year, standardized

Question 15

Actual crime

Answer 15

all crimes that occur but are not seen or recorded

Question 16

Dark Figure

Answer 16

anything that is undetected and or underreported

Question 17

what are the 3 P’s?

Answer 17

Police (most frequently used)

• based on criminal events known to police

prison : incarceration rates
- supervision (parole, probation)

prosecution: first type to be reported
- describes trends and patterns
differences in gender, race, time , place

Question 18

Crime funnel

Answer 18

shows the magnitude of underreporting

Question 19

What are some problems with unofficial data

Answer 19

• underestimates the amount of criminal data
• data changes over time due to external forces
• not every crime is underreported

Question 20

Hidden Crimes

Answer 20

crimes that you don’t see and are sometimes never reported

• domestic abuse
• child abuse
• cybercrime

Question 21

the ides that crimes and deviance should be defined based on social norms comes from:

Answer 21

statistical approach

Question 22

according to Emile durkehim

Answer 22

crime can be useful to society

Question 23

describe the Jack Katz study

Answer 23

• found that news are shaped under 4 themes

- his study states that crime news provides MORE than just entertainment

Question 24

Casuitsry:

Answer 24

does not state that all crimes share certain common characteristics

Question 25

what happens in the Italian positivist school ?

Answer 25

Believes that if one is born criminal then the individual is criminal

Question 26

what does phrenology and somatotyping focus on ?

Answer 26

Phrenology focuses on the skull | somatotyping focuses on the body

Question 27

what did Lombroso study ?

Answer 27

he studied the physical traits if prisoners and argued that one can identify criminals by their physical features

Question 28

according to freud , human behaviour is driven by the. basic instincts of :

Answer 28

Eros and Thantos

Question 29

If you want to study the victims experience and the aftermath of a robbery case, which of the following crime data you can consider to use :

Answer 29

Victimisation surveys

Question 30

if you have low levels of serotonin will aggression increase or decrease ?

Answer 30

Low levels will increase the likelihood

Question 31

Mores are considered to be more serious than folkways

Answer 31

true

Question 32

a moral panic is often times manufactured by:

Answer 32

Moral entrepenures

Question 33

observational datas strengths and limitations

Answer 33

Strengths: - get to go to the site to directly observe it - discrete work vs participatory - highly valid and reliable LIMITATIONS: - labour intensive - ethical concerns - limited to less serious crimes

Question 34

Victimisation Surveys strengths and limitations

Answer 34

Strengths: - precursor - provides an in depth account of some criminal activities than some official data - interaction among others - aftermath LIMITATIONS : - over reporting - sampling error - class bias

Question 35

Self report strengths and limitations

Answer 35

Strengths: - asks people if they have ever committed a crime - people are willing to disclose - focuses on adolescents LIMITATIONS : - people will be embarrassed to tell how they feel and will feel guilty - missing cases - limited to less serious crimes

Question 36

limitations of the lombroso study

Answer 36

- cant judge someone's face in prison (doesn't really look how they look because of hygiene) - lack of scientific data - what was inherited was unclear

Question 37

Oedipus (freud)

Answer 37

for guys: urges to sexually possess his mother and kill father for girls: urges to sexually possess her father and kill mother

Question 38

describe Eros and Thanatos

Answer 38

Eros= the will to procreate and survive . Hunger , pain, Thirst fall under this category . We need these things for basic survival Thantos= "the goal of life is death" - all living organisms have a instinctive pressure toward death ( this is why we procreate, survive, satisfy desires ) - these behaviours expressed turns to aggression

Question 39

Rationalism

Answer 39

truth through reasoning

Question 40

empiricism

Answer 40

truth through observation

Question 41

Moral political conflict

Answer 41

focuses on a oppositional group named as undesirable bad people

Question 42

pooling sources

Answer 42

- triangulate data to have more condense sources | - combining multiple sources to better understand criminological phenomena

Question 43

trait theory

Answer 43

imply there is something about the person that explains their deviance physical and mental trait

Question 44

theft

Answer 44

under 5000 (no motor vehicle) over 5000 (no motor vehicle)

Question 45

kleptomania

Answer 45

an illness that involves the failure to resist impulses to steal things for no reason

Question 46

problems with unofficial data

Answer 46

- underestimates the amount of of criminal data - data changes over time due to external forces (such as , change in population, changes in media, changes in resources) - not every crime is underreported

Question 47

Burns theory (chemicals in body)

Answer 47

chemicals in the body that make you more deviant : - vitamin defiencey - fatal alcohol syndrome - excess testosterone - low blood sugar

Question 48

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 48

famous work on aggression greatest claim = "adaptive instinctive behaviour" agression to survive and aggression to win over the lady , aggression when you express how you really feel

Question 49

anomie

Answer 49

very few values and norms are shared and thus formal mechanisms of social control fail

Question 50

The three r's

Answer 50

recognize, report, record