Social 10 Final Flashcards
(233 cards)
1
Q
individual identity:
A
the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life
2
Q
collective identity:
A
how individuals define themselves as belonging to a group based on markers such as race, ethnicity, culture, gender, socio-economic class, religion, dis/ability etc.
3
Q
globalization:
A
the process by which the world’s citizens are becoming increasingly connected and interdependent
4
Q
economic globalization:
A
the spread of trade, transportation, and communication systems worldwide in the interests of or promoting worldwide commerce.
- the increasing interconnectedness of the world
5
Q
social globalization:
A
Social globalization refers to the sharing of ideas and information between and through different countries.
6
Q
political globalization:
A
Political globalization refers to the intensification and expansion of political interrelations across the globe.
7
Q
eurocentrism:
A
a form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic criteria to judge other people and their cultures
8
Q
transnational corporation:
A
A company that is based in one country while developing and manufacturing its products, or delivering its goods and services, in more than one country. Also called a multinational corporation.
9
Q
media transnationals:
A
communication, information or entertainment that crosses international borders without the regulatory constraints normally associated with electronic media.
10
Q
media concentration:
A
the gathering of ownership of newspapers and other media in the hands of a few large corporations.
11
Q
media convergence:
A
the use of electronic technology to integrate media such as newspapers, books, TV, and the internet.
12
Q
economies of scale:
A
savings that are achieved by producing, using, and buying things in large quantities.
13
Q
homogenization:
A
the erasing of differences. When this term is applied to people, it often refers to the erasing of cultural differences so that people become more and more similar.
14
Q
acculturation:
A
the cultural changes that occur when two cultures accommodate, or adapt to, each other’s worldviews
15
Q
assimilation:
A
a process that occurs when the culture of a minority group is absorbed by another culture. The cultural identity of the minority group disappears as its members take on the identity of the other culture.
16
Q
cultural revitalization:
A
the process of affirming and promoting people’s individual and collective cultural identity.
17
Q
containerization:
A
the transporting of goods in standard-sized shipping containers
18
Q
digital devide:
A
the gap that separates people who do and do not - have access to up-to-date digital technology
19
Q
pop culture:
A
A short form for “popular culture,” which is the culture of the people. This term often refers to the current cultural trends that are spread by commercial mass media.
20
Q
universalization:
A
the spread of culture, trends, customs, and practices around the world.
21
Q
hybridization:
A
the combining of elements of two or more different things to create something new.
22
Q
marginalization:
A
the act of treating someone or something as if they are not important: the act of treating a person or group as though they are insignificant by isolating and/or disempowering them
23
Q
integration:
A
to bring together or incorporate (parts) into a whole
24
Q
cultural content laws:
A
laws passed by a government to prevent a group’s cultural identity - including its artists, performers, songs, movies, and literature - from being overwhelmed by the media of a more dominant culture.
25
monoculture:
the active preservation of a country’s national culture via the exclusion of external influences.
26
democracy:
Democracy is often said to mean ‘rule by the people’. An example of this is any system of government in which people vote their elected representatives into parliament.
27
CRTC:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commissions
- the agency that regulates broadcasting in Canada
28
APTN:
Aboriginal Peoples Television Network
- create a nationwide TV service for Aboriginal people
- world first national public aboriginal television network
- creates programs by and for aboriginal people and to share these programs with all canadians
29
perspective:
a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
30
context:
circumstances or surroundings
31
global village:
- the world seen as a community in which people are connected by computers, television, etc., and all depend on one another.
- symbolize the growing connections among people around the world
32
imperialism:
one country’s domination over another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions.
33
historical globalization:
a period that is often identified as beginning in 1492, when Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to the Caribbean, and ending after World War ll, when the United states and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers
- the historical process of the world becoming more interconnected
34
mercantilism:
a policy followed by European imperial powers from the 16th to the 19th century. In colonies, trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power.
35
capitalism:
an economic system that advocates free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity.
36
grand exchange:
a trading process that began when Christopher Columbus brought seeds, fruit trees, and livestock to the Americas, where they were cultivated and became staples. In return, the Native North American species were exported to Europe. This exchange expanded to include different countries and products around the world.
37
industrial revolution:
the period between about 1750 and 1850, when work became mechanized and began to occur in factories. The Industrial Revolution brought about dramatic economic, social, and cultural change.
38
ethnocentrism:
a word that combines “ethnic” and “centre”. it refers to a way of thinking that centres on one’s own race and culture. Ethnocentric people believe that their worldview is the only valid one.
39
depopulation:
a reduction in population caused by natural or human-made forces.
40
deindustrialization:
the reduction in or loss of industries.
41
gross domestic product:
the value of all the goods and services a country produces in a year. GDP is often used to measure the strength of a country’s economy and the prosperity of its people.
42
Indian act:
first passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1876 and amended several times since then, this act continues to define who is - and is not - a status Indian. Early versions of the act banned some traditional practices of First Nations cultures and allowed only those who renounced Indian status to vote in federal elections.
43
status indian:
a First Nations person who is registered according to the provisions of the Indian Act and is therefore eligible to receive specific benefits.
44
residential schools:
boarding schools where First Nations children were gathered to work, live, and study. These schools were operated or subsidized by the Canadian government as an important element of the governments assimilation policy.
45
when did Christopher Columbus make his first voyage to the caribbean?
1492
46
when did the last residential school close?
1996
47
cultural mosaic:
a society that is made up of many distinct cultural groups.
48
multiculturalism:
an official Canadian government policy founded on the idea that Canadian society is pluralistic
49
cultural pluralism:
the idea that a variety of people are free to affirm and promote their identity, customs, traditions, beliefs, and language within a society.
50
quiet revolution:
a period of intense social political, and economic change in Quebec. During this period, which lasted from about 1960 to 1966, Quebecios began to assert their rights and affirm and promote their language and culture.
51
genocide:
The mass killing of human beings, especially towards a targeted group of people.
52
apartheid:
An Afriaans word that refers to a policy of segregating and discriminating against non-whites in South Africa.
53
enemy alien:
A label assigned during World War 1 and World War 2 to people from countries that were at war with Canada. The rights of enemy aliens were sometimes restricted, and some were even interned in camps.
54
non-governmental organization:
An organization established by groups of people to work toward specific goals and to gain public support in achieving these goals. NGOs depend on volunteer workers and donations, but they may also receive grants or contracts from governments. They may influence government policies at national and international levels.
55
foreign aid:
Money, supplies, and other goods, as well as expertise, are given by one country to another.
56
gross national income:
the amount of money earned by everyone in a country.
57
rules of mercantilism:
- colony’s raw materials were required to be shipped to the home country
- colonial entrepreneurs were not allowed to set up factories and use the colony’s raw materials to manufacture goods within the colony
- the products were made in the home country and then shipped back to the colony to be sold
58
indentured labour:
a form of contract labour in which labourers enter into an official agreement with their employer certifying that they will work for the employer either for a fixed length of time or until a debt has been paid. The indenture usually covered a period of four to seven years, but once this term ended, the worker was free.
59
who sparked the scramble for africa?
King Leopold II of Belgium in the 1880s when he claimed all the lands drained by the Congo River and its tributes as his own personal property (today the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo)
60
scramble for Africa?
way in which European countries brought nearly all of the African continent under their control as part of their separate empires
61
when and how did India reach full independence?
in 1947 Mohandas Gandhi successfully led India to full independence through his strategy of swadeshi, a Hindi word that means “self-sufficiency”
62
what are some driving forces of colonization during early contact?
- Imperialistic ambitions
- Eurocentrism and ethnocentrism
- technological developments
- secure access to resources
- growing consumer appetite for material goods
63
when did Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) claim Newfoundland for Britain?
1497
64
when did Jacques Cartier sail up the St. Lawrence to claim land for France?
1535
65
when was the 7 year war?
1756 to 1763 - competition between France and Britain (Britain won)
66
goals of UN?
- keep the peace, security, and friendly relations among the
countries of the world
- promote human rights
- protect the environment
- to fight poverty and disease
- help refugees
67
communism?
An economic and political system whose purpose is to eliminate class distinctions. Everyone would work for the benefit of all and would receive help as he or she needs it.
- The Soviet Union (Russia) was the first communist state
68
the great depression:
- During the late 1920s many countries were having an economic boom.
- On Tuesday, October 29 (Black Tuesday) share prices started going down. Worried investors started to sell which caused a panic and share prices plummeted even more.
- Chain reaction caused everything to go downhill. The entire world moved into an economic depression known as the great depression.
69
economic depression:
a period of low economic activity accompanied by high levels of unemployment.
70
reparations:
The act of making amends for wrong doing. Reparations may include payments made by a defeated enemy to countries whose territory was damaged during a war.
71
interdependence:
2 or more things/people depending or relying on one another
- situations where two or more parties(individuals, businesses, countries, etc.) depend on each other for the exchange of goods and the fulfillment of their necessities.
72
United nations:
an organization that was formed during world war 2 that would
- support people who wanted to choose their own government,
- help countries co-operate on trade issues,
- protect smaller countries against invasion by large countries,
- ensure that no single country controlled the world’s oceans
73
bretton woods conference:
- july 1944, representatives of 44 countries met in the small town of Bretton Woods in New Hampshire
- sponsored by the newly founded United Nations
- trying to figure out how they could prevent the kind of economic turmoil that could start another world war
74
john maynard keynes:
- led british delagation at bretton woods
- believed that the unresricted capitalism that had existed before World War one and that had existed between the two world wars had failed
- he says that the governments playing a very limiuted role in a country’s economy was wrong
75
friedrich hayek:
-disagreed with J.M. Keynes
- he mistrusted government control
- he said that the government should protect the market by ensuring that its rules and laws do not interfere with competition between businesses
76
General agreement on tariffs and trade:
- GATT
- signed in 1947
- members gradually agreed to eliminated all tariffs and trade barriers between one another
77
World Trade Organization:
WTO
-emerged from the GATT in1995 to increase international trade by lowering trade barriers nad making trade more predictable
- use sanctions to enforce its decisions or settle disputes
- also had rules to protect copyright and intellectual property
78
market economy:
an economy in which government regulations are reduced to a minimum and businesses are free to make their own decisions.
79
capitalist economy:
an economy that uses an economic system that advocates free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity
80
Milton Friedman:
- Believed that everyone would experience greater prosperity, as well as more political and social freedom if there was less government control.
81
outsourcing:
a business strategy that involves reducing costs by using suppliers of products and services in countries where labour is cheaper and government regulations may be less strict
82
trade liberalization:
a process that involves countries in reducing or removing trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, so goods and services can move around the world more freely.
83
free trade:
the trade that occurs when two or more countries eliminate tariffs and taxes on the goods and services they trade with one another.
84
consensus:
general agreement
85
sanctions:
a penalty. Often an economic penalty, such as a trade boycott, is taken to pressure a government to agree to carry out certain actions or follow certain rules
86
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):
-immediately eliminated half of the trade barriers between the 3 countries
-an agreement that created a free trade area between the three major countries in North America: the United States, Canada, and Mexico
87
European union:
created a liberalized trading area in Europe
> goods, services, money, and people can move easily from one country to another
-27 members
88
e-commerce:
(electronic commerce)
is the trading of goods and services online
- stimulated by communication technologies
89
ecological footprint:
the area of the Earth’s surface necessary to sustain the level of resources a person uses and the waste they create
90
sustain:
to provide the basic necessities needed to support life
91
sustainability:
the degree to which Earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet people’s needs.
92
stewardship:
accepting responsibility for ensuring that the earth’s resources remain sustainable
93
the resource gap:
the gap between the resources the earth can reasonably supply (1.89 hectares per person) vs what the people of the world now consume (2.8 hectares per person)
94
sustainable prosperity:
practising stewardship of the environment and resources so that future generations are able to achieve properity
95
sustainable development:
development that meets peoples needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
96
flag of convenience(flagging out):
a flag flown by ships when they are registered in a country that is not the country of their owner.
97
adam smith theory:
challenged government economic control and advocated free trade, competition, and choice as routes to economic prosperity.
-he layed the groundwork for capitalism.
98
Human development index:
- measure quality of life
-used to classify countries as developed, developing, or underdeveloped
-calculations based on longevity, knowledge, and standard of living
99
economic growth:
-measured by the rate at which a country’s overall income grows
- depends on businesses to produce more goods and services faster, more efficiently, and at a lower costs than the competition.
100
knowledge economy:
businesses and individuals who use research, education, new ideas, and information technologies for practical purposes
101
privatization:
the selling of a public service, such as electricity delivery or health care, to a private company so that the service is no longer owned by the government.
102
foreign investment:
the purchase of assets in one country by individuals, institutions, or governments in another country
103
global climate change:
small but steady changes in average temperatures around the world
104
global disparity:
the concentration of resources in certain nations, significantly affecting the opportunities of individuals in poorer and less powerful countries.
105
G7:
-formally G8(Russia got kicked out in 2014)
- work together to influence global issues and goals (ex. climate change, COVID-19, invasion of Ukraine)
- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, japan, United Kingdom, USA
106
imperialism:
a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
107
national sovereignty:
a country with the ability and power to govern its country without interference or influence of other countries
108
IMF loans:
- Loans to low-income countries carry a zero interest rate.
- provides financial support to countries hit by crises to create breathing room as they implement policies that restore economic stability and growth.
109
current IMF goals:
- to demand reforms(changes or improvements) in a country to promote good governance and get rid of corruption
- to provide emergency short-term loans to countries
110
The World Bank:
- mapped out at Bretton Woods Conference
-head of bank is appointed by the US government
- owned by the governments of its members which provide its funds
- role is to reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer members to improve their economies and to improve the standard of living of their people.
111
International monetary fund:
- mapped out at bretton woods
- head of IMF is nominated by the EU
- The IMF is an organization of 189 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
112
monetarism:
the theory or practice of controlling the supply of money as the chief method of stabilizing the economy.
113
The World Bank and the IMF:
- under control of the UN
- helps countries get back on their feet after World War 2
- agrees on rules about how countries deal with monetary affairs
- governs international trade and finance
114
multicultural:
consisting of or relating to people of many different nationalities and cultures.
- people of many different nationalities and cultures
115
pluralistic society:
Anything pluralistic involves a diversity of different ideas or people.
- A pluralistic society is a diverse one, where the people in it believe all kinds of different things and tolerate each other's beliefs even when they don't match their own.
116
hybridization of pop culture:
-combining elements of American culture with those of countries where the entertainment/media is co-produced
- the blending of cultural elements and traditions to create new forms of cultural expression
117
integration:
the action or process of combining two or more things in an effective way
118
cultural globalization:
the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations
119
official bilingualism:
used in Canada to describe the policies, constitutional provisions, and laws that ensure legal equity of English and French
-1969, Canada became bilingual
120
anglophone:
people whose native language is English or who speak English because they live in a country where English is one of the official languages.
121
francophone:
someone who speaks french, especially someone who speaks it as their first language.
122
Bill 101:
- Charter of the French Language
- 1977
- law in Quebec defining French as the official language of the provincial government
- in Quebec, all children must be educated in French until the end of their secondary studies
123
cultural promotion:
- to further or encourage the progress or existence of a culture
124
communication technology:
any tool people use to create, transmit, store, and share information
125
cultural contact:
contact between people with different cultures, usually leading to a change in both systems
- can lead to conflict, disease, loss of resources, cultural change, assimilation or depopulation of a culture
Example: First Nations Peoples and Europeans
126
worldview:
a collection of attitudes, values, stories and expectations about the world around us, which inform our every thought and action.
127
The Silk Road:
- as early as the third century BCE
- a fragile network of caravan tracks linked Asia and Europe
-various routes provided a way of distributing many prized goods(like peppercorns) as well as ideas(like the Indo-Arabic number system)
128
Monopoly:
a market structure that consists of a single seller or producer and no close substitutes
- A monopoly limits available alternatives for its product and creates barriers for competitors to enter the marketplace.
129
Dutch East India Company:
- formed in 1602 in Holland
- 6 small east India companies
- purpose was primarily trade and obtaining a monopoly in the spice trade in Asia.
130
Hudsons Bay Company:
-fur trading business between aboriginal people and the British
- In 1670, the British government granted a royal charter that gave the company exclusive trading rights on all the lands whose rivers drained into Hudson's Bay.
131
Mother country:
- A country where colonists came from to live in another land and colonize it.
-It is the homeland and it holds political and or economic control over a colony or territory.
-These colonies provide for the mother country.
132
imperial powers:
nation/kingdom/empire that engages in imperialism (extends its power into other territories)
Examples: United Kingdom, Italy, United States, France, etc.
133
Colonies:
- a country or area controlled politically by a more powerful country and is occupied by settlers from that country.
Colony: a group of people from one country who build a settlement in another territory or land
134
colonialism:
a policy where one country seeks to extend political or economic authority over another country's people and physical territory.
"control by one power over a dependent area or people."
135
egalitarianism:
a philosophical perspective that emphasizes equality and equal treatment across gender, religion, economic status, and political beliefs
- all people are equal and deserve equal treatment
136
industrialization:
the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.
-the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing
137
urbanization:
the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.
138
Factory Acts:
a series of acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom beginning in 1802 to regulate and improve conditions of industrial employment.
139
slavery:
condition in which one human being was owned by another.
A slave was considered by law as property(chattel) and was deprived of most of the rights ordinarily held by free people.
140
Berlin Conference:
- 1884-1885
- meeting at which the major European powers negotiated the formalized claims to territory in Africa
141
The White Man's Burden Poem:
-addresses the USA shift from isolationism to imperialism
- presents the conquering of non-white races as white peoples selfless moral duty
142
Treaties:
agreements between nations
- agreements between the government of Canada, indigenous groups, and often provinces or territories that define ongoing rights and obligations on all sides.
-11 treaties
143
land claims:
grievances brought by First Nations people against the Crown due to unfulfilled treaty obligations or breach of responsibility regarding Indian interests in land.
144
what two broad classes of land claims were recognized in 1973?
comprehensive (claims could be launched in areas where treaties had never been signed)
and specific(related to treaty conditions that had not been met in areas where treaties had been signed)
(1973)
145
Beothuk:
- Group of First Nations People on the Island of Newfoundland
146
Extinction of the Beothuk:
- European fishers set up their drying racks on the summer fishing sites of the Beothuk which upset them
-when the Beothuk tried to drive away the Europeans by stealing or destroying their equipment, the Europeans started hunting the Beothuk
- this caused the Beothuk to move inland but they did not have access to their traditional food and culture which caused them to be malnourished
- those who were not murdered died of starvation or European illness
147
Great Law of Peace:
The Haudenosaunee created the Great Law of Peace
-declares a basic respect for the rights of all people
-set out a decision-making process in which elected representatives of each nation met to make decisions on issues that concerned the Confederacy
148
legacies of imperialism on Indigenous Canadians:
- The Indian Act is an example of a legacy of imperialism in Canada
- The Indian Act ensures that First Nations do not receive equal treatment, limits First Nations rights, and assumes that the federal government officials are the best judges of the needs for First Nations
149
self-determination:
the legal right of people to decide their own destiny in the international order
-an idea that includes people choosing and setting their own goals, being involved in making life decisions, self-advocating, and working to reach their goals
150
When was the statement of reconciliation issued?
1998
151
What does the Truth and Reconciliation Commission do?
provided those directly or indirectly affected by the legacy of the Indian Residential Schools system with an opportunity to share their stories and experiences
152
What is Idle No More:
-Began as a protest against Bill C-45, omnibus legislation that affected over 60 acts that had to do with Aboriginal people
- Idle No More activists argued that the Act's changes diminished the rights and authority of Indigenous communities while making it easier for governments and businesses
153
global inequality:
the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power that shape well-being among the 8 billion individuals on our planet
154
developed nation/country:
has a mature sophisticated economy, usually measured by gross domestic product and/or by the average income per resident.
155
developing nation/country:
- a nation where the average income is much lower than in developed nations
-countries that have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and in most cases, have a lower standard of living
-where the economy relies on a few export crops, and where farming is conducted by primitive methods
156
NATO:
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization:
- a security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe
- guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means
157
FTAA:
- Free Trade Area of the Americas
- Promotes economic growth and democracy by eliminating barriers to trade in all goods and services, and facilitating investment
158
Keynesian economics:
- Came from John Maynard Keynes
- Belief that government intervention can result in full employment and price stability in the economy
- advocates using active government policy to manage aggregate demand to address or prevent economic recessions
159
Monetarism:
the theory or practice of controlling the supply of money as the chief method of stabilizing the economy.
160
G20:
- formed in 1999
- a group of twenty of the world's largest economies that meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues
-discusses international economic and financial stability
161
OPEC:
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
- an organization set up in 1960 to coordinate petroleum policies among its member countries
162
Trading blocs:
A trading bloc is a group of countries that have reduced or removed trade barriers for its participants
163
fair trade:
a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency, and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade.
-better prices, decent working conditions, local sustainability, fair terms of trade
164
What is a labour union?
a group of employees in a certain trade, industry, or corporation that organize to improve their salary, benefits, and working conditions.
165
Wealth gap:
occurs when a disparity or inequality exists between the wealth or income of individuals, populations, or nations.
166
economic nationalism:
a situation in which a country tries to protect its economy by reducing the number of imports and investments from other countries
167
nationalism:
loyalty and devotion to a nation
-supports for its interest, especially to the exclusion or harm of the interests of other nations
168
Crown corporation:
wholly owned federal or provincial organizations structured like private or independent companies.
-government organizations with a mixture of commercial and public-policy objectives
169
EEZ:
exclusive economic zone
-the zone where the US and other coastal nations have jurisdiction over natural resources
170
tariff meaning:
a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country to influence it, raise revenues, or protect competitive advantages
- a trade tax
171
free trade agreements:
- a free trade agreement reduces or eliminates barriers to trade across international borders
- free trade is the opposite of protectionism
- reduces barriers to imports and exports between countries by eliminating all or most tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and prohibitions.
172
sweatshop:
a workplace where workers are employed at low wages and under unhealthy or oppressive conditions.
173
corporate responsibility:
the way a company takes responsibility for its actions and their impact on employees, stakeholders, and communities.
174
comparitive advantage:
an economy's ability to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners
- produce something at a lower cost than anyone else
175
democratization:
- the introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles
- goal to establish free and fair elections
-government by the people
176
Structural adjustment programs:
a set of economic reforms or rules that a country must adhere to in order to secure a loan from the International Monetary Fund and/or the World Bank.
- aimed to help restructure a developing country's economy
- sometimes has unfair reforms
177
Basic needs:
People's basic physical needs include food, clothing, shelter, and water, but they also have social needs, such as family and friends, and emotional needs, such as a sense of belonging and being loved.
178
global citizenship:
the umbrella term for social, political, environmental, and economic actions of globally minded individuals and communities on a worldwide scale.
- is aware of the wider world
- respects and values diversity
- is willing to act to help others
- accepts responsibility for his or her own actions
179
Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
In 1948, the United Nations created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- human rights are universal, everyone in the world has the same rights because they are a human being
- political rights, civil rights, equality rights, economic rights, social rights, cultural rights
180
example of human rights:
- the right to live free from torture
- the right to live free from slavery
- the right to own property
- the right to equality and dignity
- the right to education
- the freedom to practice one's religion
-freedom of speech
-etc.
181
human rights:
rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.
182
inalienable:
referring to rights that cannot be taken away or transferred.
183
quality of life:
aims to capture the well-being, whether of a population or individual, regarding both positive and negative elements within the entirety of their existence at a specific point in time.
- measure of happiness
184
standard of living:
the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area.
185
what is the difference between standard of living and quality of life?
standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain area whereas quality of life is a subjective term that can measure happiness and well-being.
186
refugee:
people forced to flee their own country and seek safety in another country.
- people who have been forced to leave their country and who are afraid to return because of war, violence, or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, etc.
187
protest:
to express disagreement with, disapproval of, or opposition to something by complaining strongly about it.
188
boycott:
to engage in a concerted refusal to have dealings with usually to express disapproval or to force acceptance of certain conditions
- to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way of protesting
189
legacies of imperialism:
-imperial power destroyed traditional political and social systems and left colonies with few resources to meet the people's needs
- imperial power relied on colonized people to become educated in the imperial power's language and customs and to help govern
-imperial power either split up or joined communities and groups that had not traditionally been organized in this way
- imperial power changed traditional political structures and economic practices
190
human trafficking:
A crime that occurs when people seeking a better life in a new country are preyed on by criminal organizations that help them immigrate illegally, then force them to work in substandard conditions or in criminal activities
191
ingenuity gap:
refers to the gap between people's need for new and innovative solutions to problems and their ability to supply those solutions.
192
According to Homer-Dixon what are four factors that can become hurdles that prevent problem-solving?
- Market failure
- Shortage of capital
- Science cannot cooperate
- Social conflict
193
gender gap:
The social, economic, and political differences that separate men and women.
194
womens rights:
- physical integrity rights (free of violence and making choices for their own body)
-social rights (school, public life)
- economic rights (owning property, working and reviebing fair pay for it)
- political rights (like voting)
195
What has been done to close the gender gap?
- guaranteeing human rights for females
- increasing education access for girls
- improving healthcare for girls and women
- women's organizations, sharing ideas, information, and documents
-raising awareness
-encouraging women to play a greater role in politics
- campaigns
- programs in underdeveloped countries
196
CIDA:
Canadian International Development Agency
- works to improve maternal and child health, increase access to quality basic education, and ensure a safe and secure environment for children and youth
197
consumer responsibility:
taking personal responsibility for the environmental and labour rights consequences and costs of what you purchase and use.
198
dissent:
to differ in opinion.
- especially to disagree with a majority opinion.
199
ILO:
International Labour Organization
- one of many transnational corporations that helps develop codes of conducts to guide the IMF in their goals
- identified 4 fundamental principles and rights at work
1. freedom from forced labour
2. freedom from discrimination in
the workplace
3. a ban on child labour
4. the right to organize and
bargain collectively
200
pandemic:
an epidemic that spreads around the world
201
How dies globalization spread pandemics?
- Silk Road spread the Black Death
- Concentrations of soldiers helped spread the Spanish Flu just after World War 1
- Covid19 through modern globalization
202
blood oil:
oil obtained through violence and bloodshed
203
virtual community:
a community made up of people who may never have met in person but who interact via the Internet in chat rooms and blogs, through instant messaging, or through social networking sites.
204
accommodation:
a process that occurs when people from different countires come into contact and accpet and create space for one another. The customs, traditions, technologies, beliefs, and languages of both cultures may be affected.
205
biodiversity:
variety in plant and animal species
206
boreal forest:
an environmentally sensitive sub-Arctic region that consists of mostly coniferous trees, such as spruce, fir, and pine
207
civil society:
A sector of society made up of non-government and non-business groups. Civil society includes community groups, non-governmental organizations, faith-based groups, and universities.
208
collective:
a group to which a person belongs and identifies with
209
compare:
to find similarities and differences
210
connotation:
the emotional associations people attach to a word or phrase
211
contrast:
to find differences between or among things or ideas
212
cross-cultural communication:
communication that occurs among people of different cultures
213
cultural diversity:
variety in cultures and identities
214
denotation:
The dictionary meaning of a word or phrase
215
effect:
a noun meaning "result" or a verb meaning "brought about" or "caused"
216
gacaca courts:
community courts established in Rwanda to try low-level officials and ordinary people accused of taking part in the Rwandan genocide. The purpose of these courts was to speed up the process of bringing justice to those who had participated in the genocide and to encourage reconciliation.
217
general consensus:
agreement that occurs when most, or even all, members of a group agree
218
overgeneralizing:
drawing a conclusion based on too little information
219
Genuine Progress Index (GPI)
a system that measures the sustainability, well-being, and quality of life of a country and its people.
220
legacy:
something that has been passed on by those who lived in the past.
221
role model:
someone to whom others look as an example to emulate
222
rough consensus:
an agreement that involves most people in a group
223
steryotyping:
placing people in categories according to preconceived beliefs about how members of a particular group think or behave
224
propoganda:
Ideas and information spread for the purpose of achieving a specific.
225
Children's rights:
includes safeguarding the right of children to have a voice, be protected from harm, to have access to health care, and be provided with their basic needs and every opportunity to reach their full potential.
226
foreign debt:
- can dramatically reduce the quality of life in a country
- builds up when a country borrows from other countries or international lending agencies
227
what are the main types of globalization and what are examples of each?
1. Economic globalization - trade
2. political globalization - ***
3. Social globalization - the media, books, TV, etc.
4. Cultural globalization - ***
5. Historical globalization - age of exploration when Christopher Columbus discovered North America
228
globalization:
describes the growing interdependence and interconnectedness of the world's economies, cultures, and populations.
229
Official Language Act:
-1967
- declares English and French to be the two official languages in Canada
230
seigneurial system:
- land distribution system that is aimed at populating the colony and regulating society
- A seignior is a lord or a master
- any one who did good things for the kind got land
- used in the 18th century in France
231
232
Kyoto protocol:
- called for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
233
Economic spectrum:
- On one side of the spectrum, get as many resources as you can and use them in productivity
- On the other side, you conserve resources and longevity(make them last as long as you can)
