Social 1851-1885

Question 1

What year was the Licensing Act passed?

Answer 1

1872

Question 2

Who passed the Licensing Act?

Answer 2

Gladstone

Question 3

What did the Licensing Act do?

Answer 3

Allowed magistrates to issue licenses to publicans, opening and closing hours fixed, prohibited tampering with beer.

Question 4

Why were people opposed to the Licensing Act?

Answer 4

Temperance groups thought that it did not go far enough, brewers felt that it alienated and attacked their industry.

Question 5

When was Forster’s Education Act passed?

Answer 5

1870

Question 6

Who passed Forster’s Education Act?

Answer 6

Gladstone

Question 7

What did Forster’s Education Act do?

Answer 7

Set up Board Schools ran by the state for mixed-sex children aged 5-13.

Question 8

Why was Forster’s Education Act important?

Answer 8

Indicated a shift away from laissez-faire legislation and acknowledged the role of the state in educating children.

Question 9

Why was Forster’s Education Act limited?

Answer 9

Did not make education free or compulsory.

Question 10

What did the 1880 Education Act do?

Answer 10

Made attendance in schools compulsory for children aged 5-10.

Question 11

Who passed the 1880 Education Act?

Answer 11

Gladstone

Question 12

Why was the 1880 Education Act limited?

Answer 12

Schools were still not free, meaning compulsory attendance criminalised poverty.

Question 13

Which two trade union legislations were passed in 1871?

Answer 13

Trade Union Act, Criminal Law Amendment Act

Question 14

Who passed the Trade Union Act and the first Criminal Law Amendment Act?

Answer 14

Gladstone

Question 15

When were the Trade Union Act and first Criminal Law Amendment Act passed?

Answer 15

1871

Question 16

What did the Trade Union Act do?

Answer 16

Established the legal right of unions to strike and hold property.

Question 17

What did the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1871) do?

Answer 17

Negated the Trade Union Act by making picketing illegal.

Question 18

What is Picketing?

Answer 18

Protesting while on strike.

Question 19

When was the Municipal Franchise Act passed?

Answer 19

1869

Question 20

Who passed the Municipal Franchise Act?

Answer 20

Gladstone

Question 21

What did the Municipal Franchise Act do?

Answer 21

Gave unmarried women ratepayers the right to vote in local elections.

Question 22

Who passed the Married Women’s Property Act?

Answer 22

Gladstone

Question 23

What did the Married Women’s Property Act do?

Answer 23

Gave married women the right to control and own property.

Question 24

When was the second Criminal Law Amendment Act passed?

Answer 24

1885

Question 25

Who passed the second Criminal Law Amendment Act?

Answer 25

Gladstone

Question 26

What did the second Criminal Law Amendment Act do?

Answer 26

Raised the age of consent from 13 to 16 and made it an offense to procure girls through drugs or intimidation.

Question 27

What was the Reform of the Civil Service in 1870?

Answer 27

Introduction of entry by competitive examination.

Question 28

What were the Cardwell Reforms (1868-1874)?

Answer 28

The abolition of the ability to purchase commissions, encouraging promotion of officers based on merit.

Question 29

Who passed the Cardwell Reforms and the Reform of the Civil Service?

Answer 29

Gladstone

Question 30

When was the first Factory Act passed?

Answer 30

1874

Question 31

Who passed the first Factory Act?

Answer 31

Gladstone

Question 32

What did the first Factory Act do?

Answer 32

Forbade employment of children under age 9 in mills and limited working hours of women and children to 10 hours per day.

Question 33

Why was the Factory Act limited?

Answer 33

Children aged 8 could still be employed in workshops and non-textile factories.

Question 34

When was the Artisans' Dwelling Act passed?

Answer 34

1875

Question 35

Who passed the Artisans' Dwelling Act?

Answer 35

Disraeli

Question 36

What did the Artisans' Dwelling Act do?

Answer 36

Gave local authorities the power to clear and redevelop slums.

Question 37

Which city was the Artisans' Dwelling Act most effective in and who was the mayor?

Answer 37

Birmingham under Joseph Chamberlain.

Question 38

Why was the Artisans' Dwelling Act limited?

Answer 38

Wasn't compulsory, and so many officials chose to ignore it. De facto corruption.

Question 39

Why was the Artisans' Dwelling Act important?

Answer 39

Set a precedent for state intervention and marked the beginning of local authority housing.

Question 40

When was the Public Health Act passed?

Answer 40

1875

Question 41

Who passed the Public Health Act?

Answer 41

Disraeli

Question 42

What did the Public Health Act do?

Answer 42

Laid standards of drainage and provided clean water, employed a Medical Officer of Help to keep track of outbreaks.

Question 43

Why did people oppose the Public Health Act?

Answer 43

Went against laissez-faire attitude and interfered with personal freedom.

Question 44

How many years were the provisions of the Public Health Act in place for?

Answer 44

60

Question 45

When was Sandon's Education Act passed?

Answer 45

1876

Question 46

Who passed Sandon's Education Act?

Answer 46

Disraeli

Question 47

What did Sandon's Education Act do?

Answer 47

Introduced attendance committees. Children could not get a job without an attendance certificate.

Question 48

Why was Sandon's Education Act limited?

Answer 48

Education not free or compulsary - didn't tackle cause of poor attendance.

Question 49

When was the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act passed?

Answer 49

1875

Question 50

Who passed the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act?

Answer 50

Disraeli

Question 51

What did the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act do?

Answer 51

Unions could no longer be prosecuted for legal activity, legalised peaceful picketing.

Question 52

Which unpopular Act was replaced by the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act?

Answer 52

Gladstone's first Criminal Law Amendment Act

Question 53

When was the Employers and Workmen Act passed?

Answer 53

1875

Question 54

Who passed the Employers and Workmen act?

Answer 54

Disraeli

Question 55

What did the Employers and Workmen Act do?

Answer 55

Gave employers and employees equal legal terms to prevent abuse.

Question 56

When was the Merchant Seaman's Act passed?

Answer 56

1876

Question 57

Who passed the Merchant Seaman's Act?

Answer 57

Disraeli

Question 58

What did the Merchant Seaman's Act do?

Answer 58

Introduced regular inspection of ships by the Board of Trade and Plimsoll Lines to indicate overloads.

Question 59

When was the Factory and Workshop Act passed?

Answer 59

1878

Question 60

Who passed the Factory and Workshop Act?

Answer 60

Disraeli

Question 61

What did the Factory and Workshop Act do?

Answer 61

All factories came under the same umbrella of a state inspectorate and prohibited children working under the age of 10.

Question 62

What was the income of around 800 London Charities in 1874-1875?

Answer 62

£2,250,000

Question 63

How much money did the three Mansion House funds raise in London?

Answer 63

£135,000

Question 64

Contribution of middle-class families to charity?

Answer 64

Many families spent a larger share of their income on charity than any other item in their budget besides food.

Question 65

Three Philanthropic employers who helped the poor?

Answer 65

Mill owner Titus Salt Chocolate manufacturer Cadbury Soap magnate William Lever

Question 66

What did Philanthropic employers build for their workers?

Answer 66

Model villages with good facilities, open spaces, and sanitation.

Question 67

Limitation to the help of Philanthropic employers?

Answer 67

Employers often interfered with the day to day affairs of their workers.

Question 68

Why was the idea of self help convenient to the middle class?

Answer 68

Gave a moral justification to their position: anyone can become wealthy if they work hard enough.

Question 69

What did the Charity Organisation Society do?

Answer 69

Gave food, clothes, and money to cases that they deemed worthy (deserving poor).

Question 70

What were friendly societies?

Answer 70

Large groups of neighbours, friends, or workmates forming associations to protect themselves in times of need.

Question 71

What caused the expansion of friendly societies?

Answer 71

1834 New Poor Law

Question 72

Members of societies would pay a few pennies a week in return for...

Answer 72

8 to 10 shillings per week sickness benefit, payment of doctor's fees, and a funeral grant.

Question 73

What did burial societies do?

Answer 73

Pay death benefits.

Question 74

How many members did the Royal Liver Society have by 1870?

Answer 74

550,000

Question 75

Why were societies limited?

Answer 75

Fined members who couldn't keep up with payments and refused those who were deemed 'high risk.'

Question 76

What did the Co-Operative trade union movement do for the working class?

Answer 76

Shops were owned by members who returned all surplus profits to the membership through dividends.

Question 77

Did the Co-Operative movement offer funeral benefits?

Answer 77

Yes

Question 78

Why were trade union movements such as the Co-Operative moment limited?

Answer 78

Only offered help to the skilled working class and did not support the poorest in society.

Question 81

When was the Married Women’s Property Act passed?

Answer 81

1882

Question 82

What did the public inquiry into the Royal Liver Society in 1884 find?

Answer 82

That owners were making a very good living at the expense of the members.