social and cultural change 1922-29 Flashcards
(19 cards)
unemployment during 1920s
averaged around 1 million 10%, peaked at 2 million in 1921 17%.
unemployment differences regionally
London 8%, north west 12.5%
women legal changes
1923 matrimonial causes act, 1924 guardianship of infant act, 1926 new English law of property, representation of the people’s act
matrimonial causes act
women no longer had to prove cruelty, desertion or any other causes in addition to adultery was grounds for divorce
guardianship of infants act
guardianship of infant children was given to both parents jointly
new English law of property
allowed both married and single women to hold and dispose of property on the same terms as men
domestic service work
1.6 million people in 1931
clerical work
1 million women employed as typists or clerks by 1921, this grew by 300,000 by 1929
1919 sex disqualification act
women could no longer be barred from a career in the law or civil service purely based on their gender.
limitations for women in work
many remained in low skilled jobs even if they were educated. wages remained lower than males. marriage bar still existed, number of female teachers fell from 187,000 to 181,000.
stats for changes in women employment 1911-31
single 70%-71% of workforce, 10% remained married, 35-34% of all women, female earnings 44-48% of male
women in politics
candidates in 1922, 33, 69 in 1929. 8 mps in 1923, 4 in 1924, 1% of the House of Commons. Margaret bond field first female cabinet minister.
women outside of government
National union for the societies of equal citizenship, lobbied to gain equality, such as welfare benefits for married women.
fashion change and lifestyle
flappers wore hems at knee level, hairstyles now cut short in bobs, clothing simpler, no longer corsets. loosening of social restraints on women shown.
growth of the media
development of the gramophone and the radio spread music and led to the growth of pop culture.
newspapers
most important form of mass communication in the 1920s, in 1914 there were 2 papers with around a million in circulation, by 1930 there were 5 that had this size of circulation. magazines such as vogue and women’s weekly.
cinema growth
only cost around 2 pence for a Saturday matinee, americanisation of culture, only 5% of films were british productions, 1927 cinematograph act meant that 7.5% had to be british
radio
BBC est in 1926. General manager lord Reith. classical music and drama. did not broadcast on Sunday until 12 30. number of licences in 1922 36,000 to 2 million in 1926
