Social And Cultural Changes In 1964-1970 Flashcards
What media in society had undergone mass expansion?
-television
-radio
-print media
How was there mass media expansion in television?
-Created uniformity of culture
-ended isolation of distant communities
-replaced cinema
(75%) population in (1961) had tv, by (1971) (91%) had tv. (16% increase)
BBC 2 launched in (1964) and by (1967) it became first channel to broadcast regular color programmes
(More popular programs were commissioned bY BBC when Hugh green became director)
How was there mass media expansion in radio?
-it had became cheap and portable transistor
-car radios had increased
-(1964) young people had listened to pop music from radio Luxembourg at ‘pirate stations’
-radio one had formed after the ‘pirate stations’ were banned
[survived]
How was there mass media expansion in print media?
-the sun launched in (1964) , replaced working class newspapers, and thrived in sales
-(1969) sun bought by Australian newspaper tycoon which enforced more permissive attitude which increased its popularity
In which departments was there growth in leisure activities?
-leisure at home
-leisure time outside home
-leisure by traveling
How was there growth in leisure at home?
-(1969) ITV account for 23% leisure time
-DIY & gardening were popular activities
-people still enjoyed traditional activities like cooking, knitting and needle work
To what extent was there growth in leisure outside home?
RISE
•Beni restraint founded in Bristol established (147) branches by (1970)
•pubs were more popular (some only allow women in and had unofficial race bars)
•over 4000s working men’s clubs in 1960 that offered cheap food
•rise in 9 and 18 hole golf courses (bowling Lancashire 1965)
-FALL
•cinemas: (1960 sold 500 million tickets, 1970 sold 193 million tickets)
• in 1960-61 football league attract 3.9 million fewer spectators than season before
To what extent was there growth in leisure by travel?
Cars: use of cars has increased by 39% between 1954/1974. Also more affordable & could travel to leisure activities
Caravaning: (1968) 20% holiday accommodations in Cornwall was in caravans
-abroad: Britain airways founded in (1964) with flights to Spain, Malta and Bulgaria BUT
—were mostly for middle class due to it being costly, was only 8.4% of total holidays by (1971)
What scientific development occurred during 1964-70 society?
-developed supersonic Concorde aircraft in an Anglo French partnership
-(1965) post office tower was tallest building in Britain . Which improved telecommunication
(More important were development impacting people’s lives , contraception pill)
What developments were there in censorship in society?
Lord chamberlains office had banned Edward’s binds “early mornings play (1967) but backbencher mp George stracces, introduced bill to abolish censorship with Roy Jenkins support, and passed in (1968)
The bill included:
-permitted nudity on stage
-stop lord chamberlains office from persecuting plays
[films showing screen violence & sex became more acceptable, darling (1965) & Alfie in (1966)
-push by tvs
-but wasn’t an immediate response because of it mainly legitimizing changes that already took place
What progress was there towards female equality?(5)
-labour saving devices:
• washing machines, fridges, freezers, electric ions, freed women from kitchen
-increased availability for family planning:
• nation health service
family planning act (1967) allowed authorities to provide contraceptive pills and advice.
• (1970) matrimonial property act
-Increased education opportunities:
• Open university
• Growing female education in middle class
-increase avalibility for jobs:
• no shortage of jobs for women before (1970)
• (1970 equal pay act, gave equal pay for workers
[increased jobs and gave greater independence]
Attitudes towards women:
• books published “women the longest revolution” in (1966) changed attitude
• women lib group rose
• (1909) women national co-ordination committee put forward
-free contraception ,
-equal education,
-equal pay and
-24hour child care
Why was there limited progress towards female equality?(5)
-labour saving devices:
• advertising reinforced the female role as an housewife
educational opportunities:
• women account for 28% students in higher education
•5% women reach managerial posts
• girls left school at minimum age
Job availability :
• most clerical services had poor pay & no prospect
• media poorly portrayed working mothers
Availability of family planning :
• illegitimate birth rates rose from 5.8% (1960) -8.2% in (1970)
• divorce rose
Attitude toward women:
• inequality & discrimination still existed
• tradition stereotype roles remained prevalent
