Social Chance & Intolerance

Question 1

INTOLERANCE women employment

Answer 1

paid less (approx 60% men’ salary)
majority still worked as housewives: change wasn’t far-reaching

Question 2

INTOLERANCE women household roles

Answer 2

Still responsible for all household tasks (+job)
most can’t afford household products: 1930 75% households had no washing machine

Question 3

INTOLERANCE women behaviour

Answer 3

‘flappers’ minority in urban areas; not representative
vote did not change women’s role; few went on to take govt positions
Eleanor Roosevelt still campaigning in 1930s: change wasn’t good enough

Question 4

INTOLERANCE women entertainment

Answer 4

growing division traditionalism/modernism (scandalous movies)

Question 5

POSITIVE women employment + household roles

Answer 5

mindset change: can vote, work… like men: respected more
By 1929 10 Million women working outside of home, 24% increase from 1920
New domestic appliances reduced household chores: more free time for leisure/work

Question 6

POSITIVE women behaviour (due to entertainment)

Answer 6

‘Flappers’ defy traditional expectations: sexual liberation
As a result of films begin to adopt attitudes shown
Go out without chaperone, drive alone

Question 7

POSITIVE women enternainment

Answer 7

Hollywood produced sex symbols for women to enjoy e.g Rudolph Valentino
Strong female characters + female icons e.g Theda Bara
Jazz encouraged behaviours e.g flappers

Question 8

INTOLERANCE immigrants + communism

Answer 8

RED SCARE: mitchell palmer attorney general raids: 10,000 deported little evidence (for communist association) 1919-1920
Emergency Quota Act 1921 set limit of 357,000 immigrants / year
National Origins Act 1924 lowered annual limit to 150,000, banned all asians
SACCO&VENZETTI: assasinated 1927 without evidence

Question 9

INTOLERANCE african americans

Answer 9

Jim Crow laws: segregation
Public lynchings and torture
Little voting rights
Massive poverty

Question 10

INTOLERANCE native americans

Answer 10

Population declined 1,5 Million 19thC to 250,000 1920
Loss of land and culture
Poverty + segregation

Question 11

MONKEY TRIAL: fundamentalists / modern

Answer 11

Anti-Evolution League in Bible Belt (south) banned teaching of evolution
(mostly Wasps)
Lost monkey trial, mocked and influence severely weakened

Question 12

POSITIVE african americans

Answer 12

NAACP campaigns against segregation
First black uni: Howard University
Icons: Louis Armstrong
Massive migrations: populations in Chicago and Harlem doubled

Question 13

POSITIVE native americans

Answer 13

Respect increased after ww1: 12,000 NAs fought
1924 voting rights + US citizenship
1928 Merriam Report proposed to improve laws (passed FDR 1934)

Question 14

RADIO

Answer 14

by 1926 5 million homes have a radio
By 1929 NBC (network) made $150 Million / year
40% of households by 1930 and poorer dristricts shared
Gave access to jazz and sports commentary

Question 15

JAZZ

Answer 15

brought by African Americans; Louis Armstrong
Given access to by radio
Encouraged: Charleston dance, flappers=cultural change
Popular amongst youth (traditionalism/modern)

Question 16

SPORT

Answer 16

baseball popularity increased: national icon Babe Ruth made $80,000 per year
Boxing: ‘Fight of Century’ 1927 had 50 million listeners
Industry grew exponentially + became a staple of American culture

Question 17

CINEMA

Answer 17

New Stars: Theda Bara (modern behaviours e.g revealing clothes),
Rudolph Valentino (the sheikh 1921)
100 million movie tickets/week
Audience + doubles in 1920s
Only cost 10/20 cents: affordable

Question 18

LEISURE

Answer 18

working hours from 47h to 44h
Chicago workers spent 1/2 of leisure budget on movies
Household appliances gave housewives more free time

Question 19

ROARING 20s KEY FIGURES

Answer 19

caused by huge econ growth after ww1
aided by rep policies
mostly in urban areas; conditions for poor changed little
Minorities still discriminated
Ended by underlying weakness of econ + crash 1929

Question 20

PROHIBITION corruption + crime

Answer 20

1/12 officers fired for corruption
Hale Thompson Chicago mayor bribed by Al capone
Over 130 gang related murders Chicago 1926-27, no arrests
St Valentine’s Day Massacre 1927: murdered 7 of rival gang
Al Capone made $60 Million per year (popular public figure)

Question 21

PROHIBITION successes

Answer 21

early 1920s consumptions levels fell 30%
4000 arrests, 280,000 ‘stills’ seized by authorities

Question 22

PROHIBITION bootlegging + speakeasies

Answer 22

Captain McCoy specialised in improting whiskey by sea
2/3 illegal alcohol came from Canada: borders impossible to patrol
Speakeasies 1925 > saloons 1919
HUGE public demand

Question 23

KKK and racism

Answer 23

KKK peaked 1925 membership of 5 million, many influential figures
The birth of a nation 1915: racist film