social class and underachievement - external factors Flashcards
(17 cards)
Charles Murray new right underclass
Underclass Welfare dependant - Underclass live on benefits. Rely on state benefit and are unembloyed
Policy which aims to reduce the gab between working class and middle class students
Pupil premium
Summary of social class differences in educational achievement
Working class performance perform worse in education. At all Lee eke
Main categories explaining differences in educational achievement
- External factors
- Internal factors
External factors
Factors outside of school, such as family or neighbourhood or so io economic status (how much money you have), over which the school has little control
Material expectations - social, economic, conditions
Cultural expectations - value, attitudes and lifestyle outside of school
Internal factors
Factors whiffing the school. Whxih can effect the progress of a pupil. Stereotyping. Labelling. Self-fulling prophecy, halo effect, streaming, subcultures and school ethos
External factors - material factors
Considering how factors outside of school might affect what happens within school.
Material factors — having money to buy text books and private tutors will make a huge differences
Summer holidays
Uniform- can lead to bully
Poverty and home circumstances
Children from low-income families are more likely to live in crowded or damp accommodation and are more likely to have insufficient space ad quiet to be able to work effectively ag home. Poor diets and sickness can lead to tiredness af school which can make learning more difficult as more absence which leads to falling behind
- poorer parents may babe less access to pre-school or nursery facilities which may affect a child’s developments vs those who do have access. The average cost of sending a child to full time nursery is £1000 per month.
. Sure start - low income parents may not have the money for educational books and toys, computers and or internet access may not be available in the home there may also be a lack of money for out of school trips, sports equipment and if eve hidden costs of free state education - uniform: - £350 per child
Young people from poorer families may have part time jobs this can create conflict between the demands of study and paid work
Schools in poorer areas may suffer from deprivation as parents may not be week to support the school both financially and with their time
It can be difficult for poorer families to support students after they leave full time education which can result u. Large amount of debt for tuition fees and living costs which may prevent those from poorer backgrounds from going to university
Material facts
Poor diet and ill health - makes them more tired at school. Poor diet = not getting all the vitamins needed making schools sick leading to days of school
Lack of money for the hidden costs - uniform can cause bullying
Chain of training the leads to an another
Poor environment - children who live in a over crowded house
Not a nice area - causes a noise pollution air population . More likely to take time of school
Cost is travel and feel - amount of money. Not being able to transport
Damp overcrowded housing - no room for spare time to revise damp - unsafe
Part time work - less time for school work disadvantage prioritise part time work to school work
Material factor essay pal.
Factor - dampi and I’ve recorded housing
This leads to - a student not having a quiet space to work in
Whxih causes students to - means that they are unable to complete their work at home
This has a negative effect on their esp experience of education because - underachieve because they cannot work as well as students who have a quiet space
External factors - cultural factors
Cultural expectations of underachievement in school suggest that the value, attitude, language and other directs of cultural life are deficient or deprived in various ways in relation to the white middle- class culture do education, this is known as cultural deprivation and suggests gay factors combine to create disengagement from education
Parents attitude to efucafion
Parents atttude to education
See Davi’s 2010 high parent interest leads to better exam results than those children whose parents show no interest in
Middle class parents are more likely to frequently visit the school and take an interest in their education, encourage children when they are older by helping with exams options and encouraging them to stay in school after the minimum leaving age. The age of leaving has now been increased.
Hoe could this be seen as a compensatory educational policy?
Parents level of education
Middle class parents tend to be higher educated so are moving confident with guiding their children in the academic world or school, they are more confident to speak to teachers and are better able to help their children with their schoolwork. They are also able to buy the right educational toys and take their children to the best cultural experiences and get also have the money to be able to do theese aayivings,
- higher educated parents are able to guide you
. Cultral experiences Whxih help you in grow in school
Subculture explanations - attitudes and values
Perry and prances :010sugvesfs that class subcultures can affect educational achievement
Those in middle classes have jobs which offer the promise of career progression, through effort and educational qualifications which leads to a further orientation and deferred gratification, individual effort and intelligence are seen as they key to success.
This means that children are socialised into values and attitudes which encouraged ambition and educational success. A future kruenantuon and deferred gratification create a recognition. Of the need to individual hard work and for.
Middle class subculture means that social class has deferred gratification which is where they beleive in a process and they are willing to put effort in that process so fact eventually succeed.
Those is working class often have jobs which do not require educational qualifications and the lack of promotion opportunities leads to a present time orientation(lack of future them) and fatalism (an acceptance of the situation rather then trying to change it) working other provided more gains then working alone
This means that children are socialised into values and attitudes Whxih do not encourage ambition, immediate gratification discourages working hard in school for long term gals .
Deferred gratification
Work hard for something over a period of time vs
Immediate gratification- never worked hard they are not patent (working class) gettting pleasures immediately instead of waiting for progress
How does working class subculture can lead to failure in education
They don’t work hard to succeed live pay check tomorrow pay check as a result
Fatalism - acceptance of the situation they are in rather then having to wait for them
