Social Cognition Flashcards by Jack Evans

Dollard and Miller are associated with which type of theory?

1/ Trait theory
2/ Social cognitive theory
3/ Humanistic theory
4/ Drive theory

4/ Drive theory

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The initial drive > The cue to act > The response > The reinforcement of the response. Who is credited with proposing these 4-stages of habit learning:

1/ Bandura
2/ Kelly
3/ Dollard and Miller
4/ Mischel

3/ Dollard and Miller

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According to Dollard and Miller’s conflict situation types, an ‘approach-approach’ conflict is best described by:

1/ Being presented with two equally desirable goals and having to choose one (e.g. deciding between 2 great looking meals in a restaurant)
2/ Being presented with two equally bad goals and having to pick one.
3/ There is one goal, but it has attractive and unattractive elements.
4/ Being presented with multiple goals, some desirable and some undesirable.

1/ Being presented with two equally desirable goals and having to choose one (e.g. deciding between 2 great looking meals in a restaurant)

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According to Dollard and Miller’s conflict situation types, an ‘avoidance-avoidance’ conflict is best described by:

2/ Being presented with two equally bad goals and having to pick one.

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According to Dollard and Miller’s conflict situation types, an ‘approach-avoidance’ conflict is best described by:

3/ There is one goal, but it has attractive and unattractive elements.

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According to Dollard and Miller’s conflict situation types, an ‘double approach-avoidance’ conflict is best described by:

4/ Being presented with multiple goals, some desirable and some undesirable.

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Who is associated with social learning theory?

1/ Bandura
2/ Kelly
3/ Dollard and Miller
4/ Mischel

1/ Bandura

This was later developed into Social Cognitive Theory in 1986

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Which of the following factors is not part of Bandura’s reciprocal determinism model?

1/ Person factors (biological and internal higher order cognition root)
2/ Behavioural factors (learnt root)
3/ Environmental factors (external root)
4/ Cardinal factors (over-arching trait root)

4/ Cardinal factors (over-arching trait root)

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According to Bandura, which of the following best describes ‘personal agency’:

1/ We can effect things, we have free will (within the overall paradigm of our individual life environment - i.e. a stone age hunter gatherer has no chance of being a CEO)
2/ People can enlist the help of others to affect their life factors (e.g. asking a family member to babysit in order to get a job and change life in some way).
3/ Group collaborations with the intention of changing life experience in some way (e.g. villagers collectively building a barn to store food for the winter)
4/ It described an individuals most influential friends

1/ We can effect things, we have free will (within the overall paradigm of our individual life environment - i.e. a stone age hunter gatherer has no chance of being a CEO)

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According to Bandura, which of the following best describes ‘proxy agency’:

1/ We can effect things, we have free will (within the overall paradigm of our individual life environment - i.e. a stone age hunter gatherer has no chance of being a CEO)
2/ People can enlist the help of others to affect their life factors (e.g. asking a family member to babysit in order to get a job and change life in some way).
3/ Group collaborations with the intention of changing life experience in some way (e.g. villagers collectively building a barn to store food for the winter)
4/ Displacing responsibility for ones own actions onto others

2/ People can enlist the help of others to affect their life factors (e.g. asking a family member to babysit in order to get a job and change life in some way).

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According to Bandura, which of the following best describes ‘collective agency’:

1/ We can effect things, we have free will (within the overall paradigm of our individual life environment - i.e. a stone age hunter gatherer has no chance of being a CEO)
2/ People can enlist the help of others to affect their life factors (e.g. asking a family member to babysit in order to get a job and change life in some way).
3/ Group collaborations with the intention of changing life experience in some way (e.g. villagers collectively building a barn to store food for the winter)
4/ The ability to coerce others to the individual’s will

3/ Group collaborations with the intention of changing life experience in some way (e.g. villagers collectively building a barn to store food for the winter)

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According to Bandura, ‘modelling’ is best described as:

1/ Operant conditioning
2/ Classical conditioning
3/ Observed learning
4/ Innate disposition

3/ Observed learning

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Which experiment is famous for supporting the notion of modelling?

1/ Little Albert
2/ Stanford prison experiment
3/ Milgram’s obedience studies
4/ Bobo doll

4/ Bobo doll

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Which of the following is not one of Bandura’s three important factors in modelling?

1/ The more like us we perceive the model to be, the more likely we are to imitate them
2/ The more attractive the model, the more likely we are to imitate them
3/ The simpler the behaviour, the more likely it is to be imitated
4/ Aggressive and hostile behaviour is more likely to be modelled.

2/ The more attractive the model, the more likely we are to imitate them

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According to Bandura, which statements about the observer are likely to increase the likelihood of them imitating behaviour (modelling)? Pick 3 answers

1/ The person has been subjected to operant conditioning
2/ The person has less confident, lower self-esteem, or feels less competent.
3/ The person has socialist political leanings.
4/ The person has a history of being rewarded for conformity.
5/ The person hold the belief that imitating the behaviour will bring positive results.

2/ The person has less confident, lower self-esteem, or feels less competent.
4/ The person has a history of being rewarded for conformity.
5/ The person hold the belief that imitating the behaviour will bring positive results.

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Like classical and operant conditioning, observational learning requires reinforcement.

True
False

False

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According to Bandura, which self-regulatory process is the most powerful?

Self-efficacy
Self-criticism
Self-praise
Self-reflection

Self-efficacy

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Which of the following are Bandura’s self-efficacy scales? Pick 3 answers

1/ Military self-efficacy scale 
2/ Teacher's self-efficacy scale
3/ Personal self-efficacy scale
4/ Children’s self-efficacy scale
5/ Parental self-efficacy scale

2/ Teacher’s self-efficacy scale
4/ Children’s self-efficacy scale
5/ Parental self-efficacy scale

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Pick as many answers as apllicable. According to Bandura:

1/ Personal variables influence behaviour
2/ Behaviour influences environment
3/ Environment influences personal variables
4/ Personal variables influence environment
5/ Behaviour influences personal variables
6/ Environment influences behaviour

All of the above. This is reciprocal determinism.

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According to Rotter, behaviour potential is:

1/ Behaviour designed to illicit subsequent behaviour
2/ A measure used to determine the likely behavioural response to a given situation
3/ The potential of a behaviour to have a lasting affect on the environment
4/ The potential of a behaviour to have a lasting affect on an individual’s personal characteristics.

2/ A measure used to determine the likely behavioural response to a given situation

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According to Rotter, the formula for determining behaviour potential is:

1/ Behaviour Potential = Reinforcement value X Expectancy
2/ Behaviour Potential = Efficacy value X Expectancy
3/ Behaviour Potential = Reinforcement value X Dopaminergic response
4/ Behaviour Potential = Efficacy value X Dopaminergic response

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1/ Behaviour Potential = Reinforcement value X Expectancy

Who is associated with the notion of ‘locus of control’?

Kelly
Bandura
Mischel
Rotter

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Rotter

What scale did Rotter develop to measure (or locate) locus of control?

The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)
The Control Orientation Index (COI)
Cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS)
The I-E Scale

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The I-E Scale

According to Rotter, if someone has an internal locus of control:

1/ They are likely a genius
2/ They tend to have more autonomy in their life, and are less reliant on others.
3/ They are likely a psychopath
4/ They are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and to suffer more poor health.

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2/ They tend to have more autonomy in their life, and are less reliant on others.

According to Rotter, if someone has an external locus of control: 1/ They are likely a genius 2/ They tend to have more autonomy in their life, and are less reliant on others. 3/ They are likely a psychopath 4/ They are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and to suffer more poor health.

4/ They are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and to suffer more poor health.

Walter Mischel... 1/ Questioned the stability of traits across situations. 2/ Maintained the stability of traits across situations. 3/ Dismissed the idea of traits altogether. 4/ Dismissed the importance of the situation on behaviour altogether.

1/ Questioned the stability of traits across situations.

Who is credited with instigating the person-situation debate? 1/ Kelly 2/ Bandura 3/ Mischel 4/ Rotter

3/ Mischel

Mischel's "personality coefficient" refers to: 1/ The correlation between situational factors and personality development 2/ The correlation between previously identified traits and observed behaviour 3/ The correlation between situational factors and observed behaviour 4/ The correlation between previously identified traits and subsequent personality development

2/ The correlation between previously identified traits and observed behaviour

What did Mischel develop in order to understand personality and behaviour? 1/ The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) 2/ The Control Orientation Index (COI) 3/ Cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS) 4/ The I-E Scale

3/ Cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS)

George Kelly is credited with developing.... 1/ Personal construct theory 2/ Trait theory 3/ Drive theory 4/ Locus of control theory

1/ Personal construct theory

Mischel was interested in.... 1/ Showing that traits were stable over time 2/ Showing how situational variance affected behaviour 3/ Showing how traits were not stable over time 4/ Showing how situational variance did not affect behaviour

2/ Showing how situational variance affected behaviour

Mischel found that.... 1/ A behavioural trait measure (such as aggression) in one situation was not a good predictor of it in a different situation 2/ A behavioural trait measure (such as aggression) in one situation was a good predictor of it in a different situation 3/ It is impossible to predict behaviour across situations 4/ Situations have no effect at all on behaviour

1/ A behavioural trait measure (such as aggression) in one situation was not a good predictor of a different situation

According to Mischel, an individual's "behavioral signature" is... 1/ Their score on a recognised personality model (such as the FFM or 16PF) 2/ An indication of their cardinal trait 3/ A list of situations most likely to illicit a behavioural response 4/ Their stable pattern of behaving differently in various situations

4/ Their stable pattern of behaving differently in various situations

According to Bandura.... 1/ Conditioning is not a mechanical process in which people are passive participants. 2/ Conditioning is a mechanical process in which people are passive participants. 3/ People are never subject to conditioning 4/ The idea of conditioning is a malign example of societal power structures.

1/ Conditioning is not a mechanical process in which people are passive participants.

Which of these statements contradicts Bandura's perspective 1/ People are not reactive organism shaped and shepherded by environmental forces or driven by concealed inner impulses. 2/ People actively seek out and process information about their environment to maximize favorable outcomes. 3/ People are reactive organism shaped and shepherded by environmental forces and driven by concealed inner impulses. 4/ Human functioning is the product of a dynamic interplay of personal, behavioural, and environmental influences.

3/ People are reactive organism shaped and shepherded by environmental forces and driven by concealed inner impulses.

Social learning theory departs from radical behaviourism in that... 1/ It rejects classical conditioning as being relevant to human behaviour 2/ It rejects operant conditioning as being relevant to human behaviour 3/ It rejects modelling as being relevant to human behaviour 4/ It asserts that individuals do possess free will rather than being completely controlled by environmental reinforcements

4/ It asserts that individuals do possess free will rather than being completely controlled by environmental reinforcements

Bandura proposed which four-step pattern of modelling behaviour? 1/ Attention, reinforcement, reproduction, and motivation. 2/ Attention, reinforcement, reward, and motivation. 3/ Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. 4/ Attention, punishment, reinforcement, and reward.

3/ Attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

If an individual has an external locus of control, what impact would this likely have on their self efficacy? 1/ Higher self-efficacy 2/ Lower self efficacy 3/ It isn'y likely to affect it at all 4/ Self-efficacy would become a secondary trait

2/ Lower self efficacy

Mischel felt that.... 1/ Trait theories had good predictive power 2/ Trait theories had poor predictive power 3/ The only trait theory with predictive power was the 16PF 4/ It is impossible to even attempt to predict human behaviour

2/ Trait theories had poor predictive power

According to Mischel, the term 'interactionism' means what? Pick 2 answers 1/ The affect of personality depends on the situation 2/ The effect of personality depends on the mind/body relationship 3/ Situations are affected by the personalities of the people who are present 4/ The effect of personality primarily depends on the presence of an alpha male (betas have no impact)

1/ The affect of personality depends on the situation | 3/ Situations are affected by the personalities of the people who are present

According to Mischel... 1/ Behaviour is driven by enduring traits and therefore predictable across situations 2/ Behaviour is completely inconsistent 3/ Behaviour may reflect a pattern of reacting across a lifetime 4/ Behaviour is the result of classical conditioning but not operant conditioning

3/ Behaviour may reflect a pattern of reacting across a lifetime

Mischel's type 1 of coexisting variability/consistency is: 1/ Concerned with variability across individuals (a little like the trait approach) 2/ A behaviour disproportionately affected by the situation 3/ Intraindividual focus concerned with behavioural signatures (if and then statements) 4/ A behaviour disproportionately affected by the individual's personal characteristics

1/ Concerned with variability across individuals (a little like the trait approach)

Mischel's type 2 of coexisting variability/consistency is: 1/ Concerned with variability across individuals (a little like the trait approach) 2/ A behaviour disproportionately affected by the situation 3/ Intraindividual focus concerned with behavioural signatures (if and then statements) 4/ A behaviour disproportionately affected by the individual's personal characteristics

3/ Intraindividual focus concerned with behavioural signatures (if and then statements)

Mental representations in Mischel's CAPS system are called CAUs. This stands for 1/ Cognitive-association units 2/ Coefficient-auxiliary units 3/ Consciousness-awareness units 4/ Cognitive-affective units

4/ Cognitive-affective units

Mischel's "CAPS" is an acronym for: 1/ Consciousness-awareness personality system 2/ Cognitive-affective processing system 3/ Cognitive-association processing system 4/ Coefficient-auxiliary processing system

2/ Cognitive-affective processing system

Kelly's personal construct theory views people as 1/ Informal scientists developing their own cognitive constructs 2/ Non-active agents 3/ Passive receivers of environmental influences 4/ Having no role in the development of their personalities

1/ Informal scientists developing their own cognitive constructs

Who proposed the social cognitive theory? 1/ Edward Thorndike 2/ B. F. Skinner 3/ Albert Bandura 4/ Sigmund Freud

3/ Albert Bandura

According to social cognitive theory individuals 1/ Are self-organising, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating, 2/ Are active players responding to inner stimuli and the external environment 3/ Are seen to be influential in determining their own motivation, development and behaviour 4/ All of the above 5/ 1 & 3 only

4/ All of these

Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result. He called this concept: 1/ Self-reinforcement 2/ Self-efficacy 3/ The psychological situation 4/ Organismic valuing

2/ Self-efficacy

According to Rotter’s social learning theory the perception people have whether or not they have control over receiving reinforcement from the behaviours they choose to make is called 1/ Self-efficacy 2/ Locus of control 3/ Encodings 4/ Cognitive constructs

2/ Locus of control

What does Mischel (1984) mean by Person-by-situation interactions? 1/ Individuals behave the same in all situations 2/ Situations create new traits 3/ Traits dominant situations 4/ Individuals express traits in particular situations

4/ Individuals express traits in particular situations

What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction? 1/ Situations change traits. 2/ Situations create new traits. 3/ Traits dominant situations. 4/ Situations affect how traits are exhibited.

4/ Situations affect how traits are exhibited.

Social Cognition Flashcards

(52 cards)