Social Cognitive Theory: Albert Bandura Flashcards
_____ and _____ have been largely ignored by most personality theorists, even though most of us recognize that we have had unplanned experiences that have greatly changed our lives.
Chance encounters, fortuitous events
Bandura agrees with Skinner that people can and do learn through direct experience, but he places much more emphasis on _____ learning, that is, learning by observing others.
vicarious
Through a _____ model that includes behavioral, environment, and personal factors, people have the capacity to regulate their lives.
triadic reciprocal causation
With _____, people are able to rely on others for goods and services.
_____ involves indirect control over those social conditions that affect everyday living. Bandura noted that “no one has the time, energy, and resources to master every realm of everyday life.”
proxy agency
_____ refers to people’s shared beliefs that they can bring about change.
collective efficacy
Most of Bandura’s early publications were in clinical psychology, dealing primarily with psychotherapy and the _____ test.
Rorschach
Every response a person makes is followed by some consequence.
_____ allows people to acquire new patterns of complex behavior through direct experience by thinking about and evaluating the consequences of their behaviors.
Enactive Learning
Bandura is the only _____ theorist to seriously consider the possible importance of these chance encounters and fortuitous events.
personality
Bandura defined a _____ as “an unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other”.
chance encounter
A _____ is an environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended.
fortuitous event
People’s most crucial self-reflective mechanism is _____: that is, their beliefs that they are capable of performing actions that will produce a desired effect.
Bandura defined _____ as “people’s beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events”.
self-efficacy
Efficacy refers to people’s confidence that they have the ability to perform certain behaviors, whereas an _____ refers to one’s prediction of the likely consequences of that behavior.
outcome expectancy
Self-regulatory influences are not automatic but operate only if they are activated, a concept Bandura calls _____.
selective activation
Redefine the Behavior Mechanism: The child who vandalizes a school building uses the excuse that others broke even more windows.
palliative comparisons
A third technique in redefining behavior is the use of euphemistic labels. Politicians who have pledged not to raise taxes speak of “revenue enhancement” rather than taxes; some Nazi leaders called the murder of millions of Jews the “purification of Europe” or “the final solution”.
Friendly fire, collateral damage
use of euphemistic labels
