Social Cultural History Flashcards
(14 cards)
How many immigrants arrived in the USA between 1860 and 1900?
At least 14 million.
Why was immigration important for US industrialisation?
Immigrants provided cheap labour and also consumed goods, aiding economic growth.
What were common reactions to mass immigration (1890–1912)?
Immigrants were welcomed for labour but also resented for causing overcrowding and taking jobs.
What was the American Protective Association (1887)?
An anti-immigration group that claimed American culture was being undermined by immigrants.
What was the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act?
A law that stopped immigration from China to the USA.
What was the Plessy v. Ferguson case (1896)?
A Supreme Court ruling that upheld segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
How did Southern states prevent African Americans from voting?
Through poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause.
What happened to African American political representation by 1910?
It had vanished; no African Americans were elected to state or national office in the South.
Who was Booker T. Washington and what did he promote?
A Black leader who promoted vocational training and economic self-help for African Americans.
What was the Atlanta Compromise (1895)?
Washington’s speech encouraging African Americans to accept segregation in return for education and jobs.
What was W.E.B. Du Bois’s approach to civil rights?
He rejected gradualism and called for immediate protest and legal action.
What was the Niagara Movement (1905)?
A movement led by Du Bois demanding full civil rights and opposing Washington’s accommodationism.
What is the NAACP and what did it aim to do?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; it aimed to challenge racism through the courts and publicity.
What was the position of African Americans before WW1?
Largely second-class citizens with restricted political rights, poor education, and severe segregation.
