social determinants

Question 1

social gradient

Answer 1

the lower an individuals socioeconomic position, the worse their health. this gradient reflects inequalities in income, education, and occupation

Question 2

early life

Answer 2

Experiences during pregnancy, birth, and childhood impact lifelong health. Poor nutrition, exposure to stress, and lack of stimulation can lead to developmental delays and chronic illnesses

Question 3

stress

Answer 3

Long-term stress contributes to physical and mental health problems, including hypertension, heart disease, and depression.

Question 4

social exclusion

Answer 4

Marginalised individuals (e.g., due to race, disability, or poverty) face barriers to healthcare, employment, and education, affecting their health.

Question 5

work

Answer 5

Safe, secure, and meaningful employment supports good health. Poor conditions or job insecurity can cause stress and injury.

Question 6

unemployment

Answer 6

Associated with low self-esteem, mental health issues, and reduced access to healthcare and healthy living resources.

Question 7

social support

Answer 7

Having strong relationships with friends, family, and community members improves resilience, mental health, and recovery from illness.

Question 8

addiction

Answer 8

Substance use is both a cause and result of social disadvantage and can lead to chronic illness, injury, and social disruption.

Question 9

food

Answer 9

Access to affordable, nutritious food is essential. Food insecurity can result in malnutrition and obesity.

Question 10

transport

Answer 10

Reliable and affordable transport enables access to health services, education, and employment.

Question 11

culture

Answer 11

Cultural beliefs shape attitudes towards health, illness, and healthcare utilisation.