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Part one: Affluent Society > Social Developments > Flashcards

Social Developments Flashcards

Info that is on the specification (51 cards)

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1
Q

What does infrastructure mean?

A

physical environment

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2
Q

What was Britain’s infrastructure like in 1951?

A
  • run-down
  • badly needed modernising
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3
Q

How did housing need to be improved?

A
  • replace war damage
  • pre-war slums
  • ownership of homes still less common than renting/ council homes
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4
Q

How were housing issues improved?

A
  • pre-war slums were removed
  • new towns were built e.g., Harlow - Essex
  • home ownership increased
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5
Q

Why did home ownership increase?

A

easy access to cheap mortgages

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6
Q

How is the economy improved?

A
  • men’s wages increased
  • massive increase in private savings
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7
Q

What finally came to an end in 1954?

A

food rationing

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8
Q

What happened to the ownership of consumer goods?

A

huge surge, especially in: televisions, washing machines, and refrigerators

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9
Q

What service became popular during this time?

A

hire purchasing

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10
Q

What is hire purchasing?

A

a system where a buyer pays a deposit on an expensive item and then pays monthly instalments (including interest) to hire the item over the length of the contract

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11
Q

What was a visible symbol of affluence in Britain during this time?

A

advertising industry

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12
Q

What did people start doing with their spare time?

A

new leisure activities

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13
Q

How many T.Vs were in use by 1960?

A

10 million & an estimated 50% of the population watched T.V. in the evening

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14
Q

What about the car industry changed?

A

car ownership increased
- raised by 25% between 1957-1959

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15
Q

What happened as a result of this increase in car ownership?

A
  • demand for more roads
  • 1,200 new roads built/ completed
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16
Q

How did leisure and holidays develop?

A
  • Holiday camps (Butlins) reached their peak
  • However only 2% of people experienced a luxury holiday
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17
Q

How did social attitudes change?

A
  • increased tension
  • left-wing criticism on focusing on material affluence
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18
Q

What ideas had been ingrained into the class system before the 1950s?

A
  • respect for authority
  • strong class loyalties
  • conformist values
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19
Q

How were class loyalties demonstrated?

A

the voting results e.g., in 1951 65% of the working class voted for the labour party

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20
Q

When did this social breakdown of previous norms begin?

A

late 1950s

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21
Q

What was the trigger event for social change within the classes?

Study These Flashcards
A

the Suez crisis - exposed the manipulative nature of the government

22
Q

What group began to exhibit the new idea of challenging authority?

Study These Flashcards
A

CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament)

23
Q

How did social values change?

Study These Flashcards
A

became more individualist

24
Q

What is the ‘Establishment’?

Study These Flashcards
A

a term for a network of informal connections between social and political elites (overwhelmingly male)

25
How did the perception of the Establishment change in the 1950s?
people were less willing to follow the Establishment as they were deemed liars and manipulative
26
Why would negative opinions of the Establishment cause negative opinions for the Conservative party?
The conservative government was dominated by the Establishment
27
How were women in the 1950s viewed?
- housewives - ideal woman = wife & mother
28
What was the average age of marriage during the 1950s?
21 = 75% of the population
29
What was the ratio of women working in 1951?
1 in 5
30
What government benefit was allocated to women?
Family Allowance - paid women weekly a benefit for each child
31
What were women's financial restraints?
financially dependent on their husbands
32
How did women in the work place change by 1964?
the number of women working increased
33
What allowed this increase in employment for women?
labour saving devices e.g., washing machines, and refrigerators
34
What movement was also making its way over to Britain in the early 1960s?
second wave feminism
35
How did second wave feminism effect women in society?
it argued that women were unfulfilled and trapped in their domesticated lives
36
What was the attitude towards immigration at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?
enthusiastic
37
How were the New Commonwealth immigrants received by society?
New Commonwealth immigrants caused both social tension and change
38
How many commonwealth immigrants had settled in Britain by 1958?
210,000 - 75% were male working to support families back home
39
How many immigrants sought permanent residence in the 1950s?
676,000
40
What event caused such a large influx of immigrants into Britain?
Empire Windrush of 1948
41
What did the Empire Windrush symbolise?
a new period of African-Caribbean immigration into Britain
42
How did the authorities view immigration into Britain?
economically desirable - immigrants filled many important low-wage jobs
43
What act was passed in regards to immigration in 1962?
Commonwealth Immigrants Act
44
What was one of the main trigger events for this act?
Notting Hill Riots
45
What is an overview of what happened at the Notting Hill Riots in 1958?
Large mobs of white youths attacked African-Caribbean's in Notting Hill
46
How did youth culture differ for young people of this time compared to their parents?
- abolition of National Service (conscription) after 1960 - labour saving devices - girls no longer had to help their mothers
47
Why was youth population larger at this time?
post-war baby boom - 10% of the population were teens
48
In the 1950s what was the most obvious youth subculture?
Teddy boys
49
What were the symbols of being a Teddy Boy?
- Edwardian fashion - challenging older people and their views on social order
50
What were Teddy Boys later replaced by in the later 1950s?
Mods & Rockers
51
What was public reaction like towards new youth culture?
in a state of moral panic and hysterical about the supposed danger that the youth held

Part one: Affluent Society (8 decks)

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