Social Differentiation Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the 4 areas of differentiation that must be learned
Gender issues
Ability within sport
Ethnic minority / racial discrimination
Socio economically deprived
What is social differentiation
The process by which different statuses
develop in any group, organisation or
society.
In sport, players, managers/coaches, fans, owners, sponsors have different statuses
In general it is a distinction between social groups on the basis of biological, physiological and sociocultural factors
What is social stratification
The development of unequal layers based on factors such as income, education, status and power
- it is the idea that people are divided into a hierarchy, where some are deemed more important/powerful
Types of stratification
Social class
Gender
Age
Ethnicity
What is sport often described as
A microcosm of society
What does A microcosm of society mean when referring to sport
Reflects miniature facts of society, being played out in front of global audiences
Dominant groups in society exercise power and control over who
Minority groups
When does discrimination occur
When opportunities available to the dominant group are not available to all
Or
When prejudice is acted upon
What else should be considered within discrimination
Concepts of prejudice and stereotyping
Discrimination can be split into
Over and covert
Give an example of overt
Restricting a membership at a golf club
Give an example of covert
Reacting to an individuals self seated beliefs
- eg racism in South Africa’s rugby team during apartheid
Barriers to participation can be split into 2 areas…
Discrimination of minority groups
(Gender, race, class, age, disability)
Or
Socio cultural and economic factors
Define Socio cultural and economic factors
Factors that affect opportunity, participation, provision, attitudes and values
Examples of Socio cultural and economic factors
Time
Education
Finance
Facilities/location
What does research suggest
The higher a persons social class the more likely they are to participate in sport - the more influence and power
Eg: 1/3 of British medalists in 2012 were from private school implying they have better facilities and funding
What does sport also act as
A form of social control
What is social control
The way society influences behaviour through norms, rules and expectations
What can social control result in
Developing stereotypical views and act as barriers to participation in sport and physical activity
What’s are minority groups
Sections of the population who may differ from the majority, who often face barriers or unequal opportunities
In terms of:
Race
Ethinicuty
Religion
Gender
Sexual orientation
Disability
Socio economic status
What is discrimination
The unfair or prejudicial treatment of individuals/groups based on characteristics
In sport thus may include exclusion, unequal pay, or limited access to facilities/ opportunities
What are the 3 main constraints to access participation
Opportunity
Provision
Esteem
What does opportunity refer to
Refers to whether people have the chance to take part in sport
Influenced by Socio economic background, location, work/school commitments and family support
What does provision refer to
Whether the facilities, equipment, coaches or clubs are available and appropriate
- influenced by government, local investment, school provision
eg: equipment, coaching
