Social facilitation/ evaluation apprehension Flashcards
(15 cards)
Social facilitation
- The influence of the presence of others on performance
- These others could be in the audience or performing in the same activity (coactors)
Social inhibition
- Opposite to social facilitation
- Negative impact on performance
What are the different types of audience that can cause social facilitation/ inhibition?
- passive ( audience, coactors)
- Interactive (competitors, spectators)
Co-actors
- Passive form of audience
- Involved in the same activity at the same time as the performer but not competing directly
Example- umpires, referees, Ball boys
Factors affecting performance
- Size of audience- larger audience (increases the chances of inhibition) smaller audience ( increases the chance of facilitation)
- proximity of audience- closer audience (increases likelihood of inhibition) further away audience (decreases chances of inhibition)
- Intentions of the audience- Hostile audience creates inhibition but a friendly, supportive audience creates facilitation
- Skill level of the task-
- Personality of the performer
- Type of task
Evaluation apprehension
- Judgement of performance can create both inhibition and facilitation
Factors depending on whether it’s facilitation or inhibition?
- home field Advantage- can facilitate performance through the familiarity of environment and support of crowd but can also inhibit in pressure situations (example)- penalties
- Nature of the performer- (introvert/extrovert) introvert, suffer social inhibition in front of others where as extrovert crave an audience and this creates facilitation
Novice/expert- novices lower scale levels breakdown with an audience present yet experts are able to perform with a higher level of skill in front of a crowd - High/low anxiety- performers with high levels of anxiety are more likely to choke under audience pressure but those with low anxiety will cope
- Confidence- confident performers better with an audience where as low confidence performers wilt under pressure
- nature of the task- task using large muscle groups are more likely to be done well in front of an audience (example)- athletics, swimming whereas tasks involving fine muscle groups are not performed well (example)- darts
- Complex/simple- complex tasks tend to breakdown under the pressure of being observed where as simple tasks tend to be performed better
Facilitation
- High arousal leads to improved performance by:
- Highly skilled performer
- Gross skills
- Simple skills
- extrovert performer
Inhibition
- High arousal leads to reduce performances by:
- novices
- fine skills
- Complex skills
- introvert performer
Evaluation apprehension
- arousal level/ anxiety increases because perceived judgement by others on you think/ perceive that others are judging you so you become anxious/ less confident
Summarise two causes and two effects of evaluation apprehension
Causes of evaluation apprehension
- Known observers to the performer
- arena home/away
Effects
- apprehension to the belief that the audience will evaluate the performance. Performance inhibited (Novice) Negative effect choking/Freezing
- If the belief is that the audience are supportive then this could lead to an improvement in performance. Task mastery/ best performance.
Summarise the external influences that impact a competitive performance
- Home field advantage- can faciliatate performance through familiarity of environment and support of crowd but can also inhibit in pressure situations like penalties
- distraction effect- crowd
- proximity effect-b A closer audience increases likelihood of inhibition an audience that is further away reduces the chances of inhibition
Outline two factors that affect arousal when seeking optimal performance
- stages of learning
- Genetics experience current mood
