Social GLA review(vocab) Flashcards
The vocab on the Social GLA (148 cards)
1
Q
Adaptation
A
Adjusting to new environments
2
Q
Allegiance
A
Loyalty to a person or cause
3
Q
Altepetl
A
A Mesoamerican city-state
4
Q
Anatomy
A
The structure of an organism
5
Q
Aqueducts
A
Structures built to move water
6
Q
Aristocracy
A
A form of government where the upper class holds power.
7
Q
Assimilate
A
To absorb or integrate into a culture or society.
8
Q
Astrolabe
A
A navigational tool used to measure the height of a celestial body
9
Q
Astrology
A
Using space to tell the future
10
Q
Astronomy
A
The study of the stars
11
Q
Aztlan
A
The mythological original land of the Aztecs
12
Q
Bakufu
A
A feudal military government system in Japan
13
Q
Beliefs
A
Convictions or principles accepted as truths
14
Q
Black Death
A
A pandemic of bubonic plague striking Eurasia in the 14th century
15
Q
Bloodletting
A
A medical practice of drawing blood from a patient once believed to balance body humors.
16
Q
Bushido
A
The code of honor Japanese samurai followed
17
Q
Byzantine Empire
A
The eastern half of the Roman empire that was centered around Constantinople but was still standing after the fall of the Roman Empire.
18
Q
Cacao
A
The bean-like seeds that chocolate is made from.
19
Q
Calmecac
A
An Aztec school for nobles
20
Q
Calpulli
A
A Mesoamerican kinship-based community or neighborhood
21
Q
Cartography
A
Map-making
22
Q
Causeways
A
Raised roads or pathways built across water or marshy land.
23
Q
Chief of Internal Affairs
A
Someone responsible for managing issues and affairs within an organization or government.
24
Q
Chinampas
A
Small floating gardens used for farming especially in Mesoamerica
25
Christianity
A monotheistic religion revolving around the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
26
Circumnavigate
To travel completely around something.
27
City-States
Independent states made up of a city and the surrounding area
28
Civic Humanism
A Renaissance ideology emphasizing participation in public life for the common good
29
Classic Civilizations
Ancient civilizations that made significant contributions to human history and culture eg. Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
30
Codex/Codices
Manuscript books, esp. those written before the printing press.
31
Commodore
A high-ranking naval officer
32
Conquistador
Spanish explorers and conquerors of the Americas in the 16th century.
33
Conscription
Mandatory enrollment into military service.
34
Council of Wise Men
A group of respected people convening to advise or make decisions.
35
Court
A formal assembly of monarchs, nobles, and advisors governing a country.
36
Crusades
A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church to:
-Claim Jerusalem from Muslim control
-Unite the Greek and Latin Churches.
37
Cultural Contact
Interactions between different cultures, usually sharing ideas, goods, and practices.
38
Daimyo
Japanese feudal lords that ruled over territories called "han"
39
Dam
Structures built to control or redirect the flow of water-also called a dyke.
40
Democracy
A form of government where everyone gets a voice
41
Diversity
A variety of different elements within a group or entity.
42
Edict
An official proclamation or law by someone in authority.
43
Edo
The former name of Tokyo, Japan, esp. during the Edo period (1603-1868)
44
Emperor
A sovereign ruler of an empire.
45
Ethnocentrism
Considering your culture superior to others
46
Excommunication
Official exclusion of someone from the Christian Church.
47
Expansionism
The policy of expanding the territorial or economic influence of a country or empire.
48
Exploration
Travelling in search of new geographical, scientific, or cultural knowledge
49
Feudal System
A social and economic system based on exchange of land and workers for military service and loyalty.
50
Feudalism
The political system of medieval Europe based on the exchange of land and workers for military service and loyalty.
51
Fiefdom
A feudal estate held by a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty to a lord or monarch.
52
Fifth Era
What the Aztecs call the current sun
53
Filial Piety
A Confucian virtue emphasizing respect for parents and ancestors.
54
Glyphs
Symbols or pictures used in writing, often associated with ancient civilizations.
55
Guild
An association of craftsmen or merchants organized to promote their interests and establish standards.
56
Han
Land that the Shogun gives the daimyo for their loyalty-kind of like a fiefdom.
57
Head of State
The highest-ranking official of a sovereign state responsible for representing the country both at home and abroad.
58
Hereditary
Passed on through generations by inheritance.
59
Heresy
Belief or opinion contrary to religious doctrine.
60
Hierarchy
A system in which people are ranked above each other based on status or authority.
61
Hinterland
The countryside outside a city-state
62
Holy Land
The region in the Middle East that holds importance with Muslims, Christians, and Jews-the Jerusalem area.
| eg. Holy Sepulchre church and Dome of the Rock(al-Aqsa)
63
Humanism
A philosophical and cultural movement that emphasizes the value and potential of all human beings.
64
Huey Tlatoani
The emperor of the Aztec Empire
65
Huitzilopochtli
Hummingbird of the Left-the god of war and the sun in Aztec mythology
66
Human Sacrifice
Ritual killing of humans, usu. to appease a god or spirit
67
Identity
What makes someone different from others.
68
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence.
69
Indulgences
In Catholicism, remission of the temporal punishment granted by the Church.
70
Islam
A monotheistic religion following the Qur'an.
71
Isolation
Being separated or detached by others, often by choice.
72
Judaism
A monotheistic religion based on the covenants of God and the Hebrew people as outlined in the Torah.
73
Koku
A traditional Japanese unit of volume equal to about 180 liters of rice used to pay taxes.
74
Macehualtin
Commoners or peasants in Aztec society
75
Manor
The main house or castle on noble's fiefdom.
76
Mayeuques
Farmer-peasants in the Aztec Empire
77
Mesoamerica
The region of Central America where many ancient civilizations flourished.
78
Metropolis
A large and densely populated urban area.
79
Mexica
What the Aztecs called themselves.
80
Middle Ages
The time period in Europe from the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance from the 5th to 15th century.
81
Militarism
Believing that a country should have a lot of military power.
82
Modernization
Making something modern
83
Monarchies
Forms of government where a king or queen holds supreme power.
84
Moors
Muslims who held the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages.
85
multicultural
Has a lot of cultures
86
Nahua
An ethnic group the Aztecs were part of.
87
Nationalistic
Characterized by passion for one's country or patriotism.
88
Nobles
Members of the noble class.
89
Oligarchy
A form of government where only a few people hold power
90
Omen
A sign or event believed to tell the future.
91
Oral tradition
Passed down through word of mouth.
92
Papacy
The authority of the Pope
93
Parish
A local administrative division within some Christian denominations.
94
Patron of the Arts
Someone who supports artists often financially.
95
Peasants/Serfs
Farmers who were tied to the land in feudal societies.
96
Perspective(personal)
Someone's way of seeing the world.
97
Perspective(art)
The technique of making something look 3-D.
98
Pestilence
A fatal epidemic disease.
99
Philosophers
People who questioned life, reason, existence, knowledge, and values.
100
Pilgrimage
A journey for religious or spiritual reasons.
101
Pipiltin
Nobles or aristocrats in Aztec society.
102
Plateau
A large flat hill
103
Pochteca
Aztec merchants that specialized in long-distance trade-but they were also spies.🕵
104
Popular Culture
Cultural products and practices enjoyed by the general public.
105
Priests
Religious officials that carry out ceremonies.
106
Protestant
A sect of Christianity that follows the Reformation.
107
Quetzalcoatl
Feathered Serpent-a main god in Aztec society associated with the wind and morning star
108
Republic
A form of government where power is held by the people and their elected representatives.
109
Renaissance
A period of cultural, artistic, and intellectual revival in Europe, marking the modernization and move from the Middle Ages.
110
Resources
Materials or assets that can be used to make goods or provide services.
111
Ritual
A formal ceremony or procedure, often religious.
112
Rural
Referring to the countryside or agriculture.
113
Sacrifice
Giving up something valuable for the sake of something else.
114
Scientific Method
A systematic approach to solving a problem.
115
Semi-nomadic
A lifestyle combining both settled and nomadic living.
116
Seppuku
Ritual suicide according to Bushido.
117
Shogun
The supreme military leader of Japan during the feudal period, basically the ruler of the country.
118
Silk Road
A trading route through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
119
Society
A community of people living together.
120
Sovereignty
Supreme authority or power to govern oneself.
121
Stoic
A person who adapts easily
122
Tecutin
A person who ruled smaller areas than the tlaloque.
123
Telpochcalli
Aztec school for commoners.
124
Templo Mayor
The main temple of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, centered around Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc.
125
Tenochtitlan
The Aztec capital
| Can also be called "the capital of the Aztec Empire"
126
Tezcatlipoca
Smoking Mirror-An Aztec god associated with fate, war, and sorcery.
127
Eagle and Jaguar Knights
Elite warriors in Aztec society.
128
The Sun Stone
An Aztec carved stone telling how the first 4 suns died.
129
Tithe
A tenth of something used to pay as tax to a church or clurgy.
130
Tlacotin
Slaves in Aztec society, used for labor and sacrifice.
131
Tlaloc
The Aztec god of rain, fertility, and water.
132
Tlatelolco
A section of Tenochtitlan known for its market and a massacre on the Aztecs by Spanish forces in 1968
133
Tlaloque
Someone who ruled over larger cities and towns in the Aztec Empire.
134
Toltecah
A Columbian pre-Mesoamerican culture.
135
Tonalpohualli
The Aztec 260-day calendar used for religious purposes.
136
Trade
The buying and selling of goods and services.
137
Trecena
An Aztec 13-day week
138
Tribute
Payment made periodically by one ruler to another.
139
Triple Alliance
A military/political alliance formed by Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan.
140
Urbanization
Concentrating the population into urban areas.
141
Usury
Charging excessive interest on loans
142
Values
Principles or standards of behavior
143
Vernacular
The language or dialect spoken by people in a particular country or region.
144
Western World
Regions of the world that are Westernized.
145
Worldview
Someone's perspective about the world, affected by outside influences.
146
Xiuhmolpilli
A 52-year period on the Aztec calendar when the Xiuhtlapohualli and the Tonalpohualli match up.
147
Xiuhtlapohualli
A 365-day Aztec agricultural and everyday calendar.
148
Nahuatl
## Footnote
Do not mix up with Nahua.
The language of the Aztecs
