Social influence Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the three types of conformity
Internalisation
Identification
compliance
Explain the three types of conformity
- Internalisation - This is when the individual fully accepts the other person or group idea and truly think what they think is true as well they also change their behaviour in private and public as well. And if the group pressured is remove they will still continue to conform
- identification - This is when the individual conforms with the role society wants them to play but will not fully internalise it therefore in private they may have different opinions
- Compliance - The individual will only conform as they want to fit in with the group or society and if the majority has conformed to a certain idea manly to not be looked down upon and in private their views are not the same
Explain the two reason for conformity
NSI - This is when the person go with views of the majority hoping to be accepted
ISI - This occurs when the individual has a lack of information therefore will rely on someone else to gain that information and they may internalise this
What is minority influence
This is when the minority influenced someone or a group of people by a consistent view
What is group size and give an example
Group size can affect conformity this is because the more people there is the more likely someone is to agree with someone else views even though they don’t believe it themselves this can be because of ISI or NSI. A research was taken place and found that with one confederate only 3% of the real P’s conformed, with two confederates 12.8% of the real P’s conformed and with three confederates 32% of the real P’s conformed they tested this with more and it came back with the same results as 3 therefore showing it peaks at 3.
Asch (confederates)
What is unanimity and give an example
Unanimity which is when their is a group idea that is dominant and this makes other people conform with them as-well. An example is from Asch experiment and when he told one of the confederates to give a correct answer throughout this made the conformity drop to 5% and then did this again where another confederate gave a different wrong answer and the conformity dropped to 9% implying that if you break the group unanimity the conformity will drop also
Asch Line experimenmt
What is task difficulty and give an example
People tend to conform more when a task is more difficult and doesn’t have a definite answer. An example is from Asch original line experiment where he made the length between the lines much more insignificant and this increasing the rate of conformity, this can be because of informational social influence and this is when people agree with the majority view as the question asked dosen’t have a correct answer
What is conforming to social roles
Conformity to social roles is when an individual adopts a particular behaviour and belief, while in a particular social situation
conformity/social roles
Explain what Haney et al (1973) found about the Stanford prison experiment
Haney et al (1973) found strong evidence for conformity to social roles via prisoners and guards and the prison environment had a massive impact on their mental health where the prisoners became passive and depressed and the guards became oppressive and sadistic and the conformity was due to social situation then personal characteristics of the P’s.
What was the aim of Milgram shock experiment (1963)
Milgram wanted to find out why people obey authority, what conditions foster obedient behaviour and what condition foster independent behaviour
Explain the Milgram shock experiment (1963)
He asked psychology students to predict how P’s would behave if they were ordered to shock a stranger and they predicted no more then 3% would deliver the fatal shock of 450V
The P’s were asked to play the role of the ‘teachers’ and told to administer increasingly stronger electric shocks for every wrong answer, the confederates played the role of the ‘learner’ who the P’s though were real P’s as well
How many people took part in the Milgram shock experiment
Consisted of 40 men (Gender bias, population validity)
Results of the Milgram shock experiment
- 65% went all the way to 450 volts
- 22.5% stopped at 315 volts
What is obedience
Change in behaviour to a person in authority
Test if different factors affects obdience rate
Different way Milgram carried out the experiment
- Distance order - experimenter instructed the teacher by telephone 23% obedience
- Different setting - Experiment moved from Yale to a scruffy office 48% obedience
- Increased proximity - teacher was in the same room as the learner 40% obedience
- social support in disobedience - other teacher refused to give shocks 10% obedience
Real life examples
Explain everyday examples of obdience
- A teacher tells a student to put “put your phone away” the students will obey because the teacher has legitiamte authoriity
Milgram study
What are the two situational factors
- Legitimate authority
- Agentic state
The state
Explain the two situational factors
- Legitimate authority - If person giving orders has legitimate authority, people transfer the resonsiliblity for their actions to the authority figure
- Agentic state - People act as agent of the legitamte authority and hold the authority figure responsible for their actions
What is the authoritarian personality
This is a dispositional factor for obedience
authoritarian personality
What year was the AP devised and why
- 1950
- To explain the events that led to the slaughter of the Jews in Germany during the second world war
Adorno
How did people develop an authoritarian personality
According to Adorno this stemmed from a troubled child hood with hard practices such as punishment and this lead to the AP. People with an AP usually respect and listen to their superior while find people below them to be inferior. He also stated people with an AP are likely yo be more obedient with those in authority
Two things affecting conformity or obidience
- Situational varables
- personal variables
Group size ect
Give examples of resistance to social influence
- Group size - bigger the group size the more influential it is
- Gender - Some research suggest female conform more then male
- Internal locus of control - people with an internal LOC are in charge of themself and their own responsibility these people and are more likely to resist pressure to conform or obey
- External locus of control - Some people have an external LOC meaning they beleive outside factors will influence and control them and are more likely to conform and obey where as people with an i
Sheridan and King
Explain the researcher that found difference of male and female conformity levels
- Sheridan and King (1975) and this supported Milgram shock experiment
- The researcher told the P’s to shock the puppies
- 100% of female went to max voltage
- 54% of male went to max voltage
