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psychology - mr rogers > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

types of conformity

A

identification
compliance
internalisation

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2
Q

identification

A

changes view publicly and privately

may be temporary

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3
Q

compliance

A

publicly not privately

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4
Q

normative social influence

A

explanations for conformity
people go along without really accepting their view
need for companionship
fear of rejection

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5
Q

informational social influence

A

explanation for conformity
accepts info from others a s evidence about reality

public and private

need to be accepted and feel confident

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6
Q

explanations for conformity

A

normative social influence
informational social influence

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7
Q

asch ao3 - uneconomical

A

uneconomical and time consuming
only testing one

crutchfield - panel of lights

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8
Q

asch ao3 - task difficulty

A

in another experiment - made lines more similar = ambiguous
increased conformity as more unsure

Rosander - questions on general knowledge
1/2 given incorrect answers
conformity increased with Q difficulty

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9
Q

Rosander

A

ao3 for asch

questions on general knowledge
1/2 given incorrect answers
conformity increased with Q difficulty

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10
Q

wittenbrink and Henley

A

ao3 for explanations of obedience
exposed to negative info about African Americans = later reported more negative beliefs

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11
Q

feln et al

A

ao3 of explanations of obedience

participants saw the reactions of fellow participants on screen during a debate
= large shift in participants judgements of performance

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12
Q

informational influence ao3 - moderated by task

A

some judgments are clear- non-social criteria
e.g deciding whether Bristol is most populated

bristol is the most fun
- cannot be made using objective criteria

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13
Q

variations of asch 3

A
  1. size of majority
  2. unanimity
  3. task difficulty
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14
Q

size of majority

A

asch variation
rate 3% with 1 stooge
3 = 33%

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15
Q

unanimity

A

asch variation
confederate before real participant gives correct answer - conformity = 5.5%

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16
Q

task difficulty

A

asch variation
conformity increase with difficulty

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17
Q

zimbardo ao3 real life application

A

led to beneficial reforms
high ecological validity
realistic setting

role playing?

soon took roles seriously - especially zimbardo

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18
Q

zimbardo ao3 situational hypothesis

A

none of participants showed this behaviour before = it was the environment

individual differences - not all guards behaved badly

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19
Q

zimbardo ao3 - lack of objectivity

A

shouldve stopped before 6v days

too involved

ethical issues - psychological harm

did sign informed consent
only deceived about arrest

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20
Q

milgram key experimenters commands

A

the experiment require that you continue

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21
Q

milligram findings

A

65% delivered max shock

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22
Q

asch findings

A

32% conformity rate

75% at least once

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23
Q

milgram variations 3 / situational factors in obedience

A
  1. proximity
  2. location
  3. power of uniform
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24
Q

bushman

Study These Flashcards
A

milgram - power of uniform support
female dressed either police, business or beggar

stopped people in street and told them to give change for a parking meter

72% as police
52% beggar

25
orne and holland
milgram ao3 lacked experimental realism. participants didn't believe situation was real responding to demand characteristics lacked ecological validity good reason to believe - anxious
26
Sheridan and king
milgram supporting study ao3 students train puppy made mistake = punish with electric shocks puppy squats 75% delivered maximum shocks unethical
27
hofling et al
milgram ao3 22 nurses
28
agentic state
reasons for obedience not responsible - shift to authority binding factor = social etiquette reason for state = maintain positive self-image
29
Lifton
agentic state ao3 irreversible transition in German doctors auschwitz
30
staub
agent state ao3 - alongside lifton experience of carrying out evil acts of long time that changes behaviour
31
legitimacy of authority
explanations for obedience condition needed to shift to agent state shared expectation that there's an authority figure accept definitions provided by authority
32
my Lai massacre
legitimacy of authority ao3
33
tarnow cockpit
captain must know what he's doing
34
adorno
authoritarian personality early childhood experiences strict parent s= obedient freud - harsh punishment = feel hostile = project feelings onto others F scale - to measure aspects of behaviour and attitudes
35
explnations for obedience
agentic state legitimacy of authority authoritarian personality
36
resistance to social influence
social support locus of ocntrol
37
social support
resistance to social influence breaks unanimous position provides confidence disobedient peer acts as role model
38
locus of control
resistance to social influence perception of personal control over they behaviour internal locus of control = what happens is consequence of own ability external = out of they rcontrol
39
Twenge et al
locus of control - resistance to social influence meta analysis young Americans believe life is controlled by outside forces LOC more external recently externality is correlated to poor school achievement
40
Linz and Semykinan
locus of control - resistance to social influence survey data from Russia employees gender differences in LOC men = internal women = external men = need for challenge women = need to be part of group affiliation
41
Rosenstrasse protest
social support - resistance to social influence
42
gore and Rotter
social support - resistance to social influence support for Rosenstrasse students who participate in civil rights protest = high internal LOC
43
Allen and Levine
social support - resistance to social influence doesn't have to be accurate to be effective confederate providing support wore glasses - test was about visual discrimination 2nd condition - confederate = no glasses both conditions reduced amount of conformity
44
moscovici
minority influence judge a coloured slide as green or blue 2 stooges (minority) - say green gave answers out loud colour clearly blue consistent trial = stooge gave green every time inconsistent = mixture nearly 1/3 agreed with the minority once
45
moscovici ao3 - lacks eco
its a trivial exercise disagreement over colour of slide doesn't tell us anything about minority influence IRL
46
moscovici ao3 - artificial
different to minority groups in society suffragettes they face more determined oposition
47
3 behaviours needed to bring about conversion process
1. consistency 2. flexibility 3. commitment
48
mugny
minority influence and behaviour flexibility flexibility I store effective at changing majority opinion than rigid arguments
49
nemeth and Brilmayer
minority influence and behaviour ao3 support jury situation amount o compensation confederate put forward alternative point = exerted influence confederate did not change position = no effect t
50
nemeth - the real value
minority influence and behaviour ao3 dissent in form of minority opens minds search for more info and consider more options difficult to convince value of disagreement - quickly become irritated
51
Xie et al
minority influence and behaviour tipping point for agreement number of people holding minority = sufficient to change developed computer models with open chats each person held traditional view but were open to chat to others spoke to a committed individual with alternative view - if listener held same belief = belief reinforced , different = belief con sided the moved onto next person if next person same view = adopt it
52
minorities are successful off they are (4)
1. principle - rather than self-interest 2. sacrifice 3. share characteristic swift majority 4. social trends - view keep with them
53
perez
social cryptoamnesia when opinion becomes integral part to society sculpture the source is forgotten
54
moscovici - social change though minority influence. stages of conversion process 5
1. drawing attention to issue 2. cognitive conflict - between what majority believe and minority 3. consistency of position 4. the augmentation principle - appear willing to suffer = committed 5. snowball effect
55
Perkins and Berkowitz
social change trough majority If people perceive something as norm - they alter behaviour to fit it perception correction strategies - aim = communicate actual norm
56
schultz et al
social change trough majority ao3 social norms and boomerang effect aimed at individuals who's behaviour is less desirebale widespread nature = those with desirable behaviour also receive message
57
social change through minority ao3 -n deviant
potential is limited because they're seen as deviant and so majority avoid aligning themselves with them message = little impact because attention is on source
58
social change though minority ao3 - gradual
strong tendency to conform with majority maintain status quo rather than engage in change

psychology - mr rogers (4 decks)

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