social influence

Question 1

what is conformity?

Answer 1

yielding to group pressure

Question 2

what is the other name for conformity?

Answer 2

majority influence

Question 3

what happens when conformity takes place?

Answer 3

someones behaviour and beliefs are influenced by a larger group of people

Question 4

what is the weakest form of conformity?

Answer 4

compliance

Question 5

what is compliance?

Answer 5

when an individual changes their behaviour in public but not private

Question 6

what is the middle level of conformity?

Answer 6

identification

Question 7

what is identification?

Answer 7

when an individual changes their behaviour in public in an effort to be accepted by the group they want to be in

Question 8

what is the highest level of conformity?

Answer 8

internalisation

Question 9

what is internalisation?

Answer 9

when an individual changes their behaviour or view to that of others, in publuc and private

Question 10

what are the types of conformity?

Answer 10

compliance, identification and internalisation

Question 11

what are the explanations of comformity?

Answer 11

NSI, ISI

Question 12

what is ISI?

Answer 12

informative social influence - desire to be right

Question 13

what is NSI?

Answer 13

normative social influence - desire to fit in

Question 14

when is ISI most likely to occur?

Answer 14

unfamiliar/ ambiguous situations

Question 15

which famous study demonstrates the existence of ISI

Answer 15

Jenness’ jelly bean study

Question 16

which famous study demonstrates the existence of NSI

Answer 16

acsh’s lines study

Question 17

what was asch’s sample

Answer 17

123 american male student volenteers

Question 18

what are the issues with asch’s sample

Answer 18

small, ethnocentric, androcentric, volunteer type

Question 19

what was asch’s procedure?

Answer 19

groups of 7-9 confederates and 1 participant. match a standard line to A B C. 12/18 trials were critical. real participant answered second to last. task was ambiguous

Question 20

how many participants conformed at least once in asch’s study?

Answer 20

75%

Question 21

what was the overall % for conformity across all trials in asch’s study?

Answer 21

36.8%

Question 22

in the control group of asch’s study how many participants never confirmed?

Answer 22

95%

Question 23

what were the post interview findings of asch’s study?

Answer 23

participants reported conforming out of a desire to not be rejected (NSI)

Question 24

name the three factors asch showed effected conformity

Answer 24

group size
unanimity
task difficulty

Question 25

what minimum size group is required to increase chances of conformity?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

what happened to conformity rates once asch increased the size above 3?

Answer 26

little change

Question 27

what effect does unanimity have on conformity

Answer 27

when a group is not unanimous, conformity rates decrease

Question 28

what effect does unanimity have on conformity

Answer 28

when a group is not unanimous, conformity rates decrease

Question 29

what effect does task difficulty have on conformity?

Answer 29

when a task is more difficult, conformity rates increase

Question 30

how did asch explain the increase in conformity when a task became more difficult?

Answer 30

participants conformed out of a desire to be right (ISI)

Question 31

how did asch increase task difficulty in this variation of his experiment?

Answer 31

made the lines look more similar in length

Question 32

definitely what is meant by situational variables affecting conformity

Answer 32

features of an environment that affect the degree to which individuals yeild to group pressure

Question 33

define what is meant by individual variables affecting conformity

Answer 33

personal characteristics that affect the degree to which individuals yeild to group pressure

Question 34

explain what a social role is

Answer 34

a part an individual plays as a member of a social group, where their behaviour will meet the expectations of that situation

Question 35

which study demonstrated conformity to to social roles?

Answer 35

Haney et al, stanford prison experiment (Zimbardo)

Question 36

what was zimbardo trying to study?

Answer 36

the extent to which people conform to roles of prisoner/guard in a simulated prison-testing if its disposition or situation that causes ‘evil’ behaviour

Question 37

what was zimbardos sample

Answer 37

75 male university student volunteers, paid $15 a day

Question 38

what was wrong with zimbardos sample?

Answer 38

small, androcentric, ethnocentric, same age, volunteers

Question 39

where was the SPE experimental prison created?

Answer 39

psychology basement at stanford university

Question 40

where was the SPE experimental prison created?

Answer 40

psychology basement at stanford university

Question 41

how were the roles assigned in the SPE?

Answer 41

randomly

Question 42

how were the prisoners deindividuated in the SPE

Answer 42

uniform, number

Question 43

how were the guards aided into their social role in the SPE?

Answer 43

uniform, dark reflective glasses, billy clubs

Question 44

what happened with the social roles of the guards and prisoners in the SPE?

Answer 44

settled quickly, prisoners became steadily more depressed, guards increasingly more brutal

Question 45

what happened with the social roles of the guards and prisoners in the SPE?

Answer 45

settled quickly, prisoners became steadily more depressed, guards increasingly more brutal

Question 46

what happened to the prisoners after around 36 hours into the SPE?

Answer 46

one had a breakdown

Question 47

how many days did it take before the standford experiment was stopped?

Answer 47

6 (it was supposed to run for 14 days)

Question 48

what were the conclusions of standford prison experiment?

Answer 48

individuals readily conform to social roles. situational variables are more important in ‘evil’ behaviour

Question 49

the BBC recreated the standford prison experiment, what did they find?

Answer 49

couldnt support the standford prison experiment? prisoners rebelled and overthrew guards

Question 50

what recent criticisms have arisen linked to the standford prison experiment?

Answer 50

that zimbardo manipulated the behaviour of the guards, encouraging ‘tough guard’ behaviour

Question 51

what is obedience?

Answer 51

complying with the demands of an authority figure

Question 52

why is obedience generally a good thing?

Answer 52

it helps society to function effectively

Question 53

who famously researched obedience?

Answer 53

milgram

Question 54

what was the sample for milgrams study?

Answer 54

40 male american volunteers aged 20-50

Question 55

what was wrong with milgrams study?

Answer 55

small, ethnocentric, androcentric, volunteers

Question 56

what were the participants told milgrams experiment was testing?

Answer 56

memory

Question 57

what were the two roles in milgrams experiment and who took on each role?

Answer 57

teacher- real participant, learner- confederate

Question 58

who was the authority figure in the study and how could they be identified?

Answer 58

experimenter- grey lab coat

Question 59

what was the punishment system for the ‘memory task’ in milgrams study?

Answer 59

increasing levels of electric shocks ‘given’ when the learner gave the incorrect answer. started at 15 volts, up to 450 volts

Question 60

how did milgram make his participant believe the shock machine was real?

Answer 60

gave them a 45 volts shock, the confederate was an actor

Question 61

what % of milgrams participants went to 450 volts?

Answer 61

65%

Question 62

what % of milgrams participants went to 300 volts?

Answer 62

100%

Question 63

describe the behaviour pf the participants during the milgrams study.

Answer 63

increasing levels of discomfort, signs of distress like sweating, 3 had seizures

Question 64

what does milgrams study tell us about obedience?

Answer 64

people are likely to obey an authority figure even if it distresses us or goes against our moral code

Question 65

what type of experiment was milgrams study?

Answer 65

controlled observation

Question 66

what were the ethical issues in milgrams study?

Answer 66

psychological harm, guestions regarding the right to withdraw, deception

Question 67

how did milgram try to control some of the ethical issues in his study?

Answer 67

participants were reunited with the learner, debrief given

Question 68

what additional situational factors did milgram test in variations of his original experiment?

Answer 68

proximity, location and uniform

Question 69

how fid milgram alter proximity in his experiment?

Answer 69

1 teacher and learner in the same room 2 teacher forces hand of learner onto shock plate 3 experiment instructs teacher by phone

Question 70

how did milgram alter location in his experiment?

Answer 70

completed in a run down office block rather than at yale

Question 71

how did milgram alter uniform in his experiment

Answer 71

instead of the lab coat the experimenter was called away and a plain clothed confederate took over

Question 72

what happened to the % pf fully obedient participants when milgram changed location?

Answer 72

dropped by almost 20%

Question 73

what happened to the % pf fully obedient participants when the instructions were being given by someone in plain clothes?

Answer 73

dropped by 45%

Question 74

what happened to the % pf fully obedient participants when they increased their proximity to the learner?

Answer 74

decresed 40%

Question 75

hat is the agentic state

Answer 75

a mental state where we feel no personal responsibility for our behaviour because we believe we are acting for an authority figure