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2025 Mock Psychology P2 > social influence > Flashcards

social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

3 types of conformity.

A

internalization
identification
compliance

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2
Q

state in order the different types of conformity from strongest to lowest

A

s - internalization
M- identification
l- compliance

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3
Q

what is internalization

A

makes beliefs, values and aims from a group their own
permanent change to peoples views/opinions

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4
Q

what is identification

A

short change to behavior and beliefs only in the presence of others

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5
Q

what is compliance

A
  • follows others ideas to gain approval from others.
  • publicly agree but privately disagree
  • their change of view is on temporarily
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6
Q

what are the2 explanations for conformity

A

informative social influence
normative social influence

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7
Q

what is informative social influence

A

someone conforms to be right, look at others by coping them.

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8
Q

what does informative social influence lead to

A

internalization, as it occurs when we do not have the knowledge or expertise to make our own decisions

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9
Q

what is normative social influence

A

someone conforms because they want to be liked and be apart of a group

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10
Q

what does normative social influence drive towards

A

compliance as it often occurs when a person wants to avoid the embarrassing situation of disagreeing with the majority

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11
Q

who conducted a study to investigate the variables that are affecting conformity

A

Asch Line Judgement task

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12
Q

Asch’s aim and amount of participants

A
  • investigate conformity and majorities influence
  • 123 male American undergraduates put into groups of 6
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13
Q

Asch’s procedure

A
  • participants and confederates presented 4 lines, 3 comparison lines and 1 standard lines.
  • asked to state which line is was the same length
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14
Q

findings for Asch’s study

A
  • 36.8% conformed
  • 25% never conformed
  • 75% conformed at least 1
  • 1% response given by participants were incorrect
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15
Q

what are the 3 factors/variables affecting the levels of conformity

A

group size
task difficulty
unanimity

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16
Q

what is group size

A

when individuals are more likely to conform when they are in a larger group

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17
Q

what is unanimity

A

when individuals are more likely to conform when the group is anominous.

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18
Q

what is task difficulty

A

individuals are more likely to conform when the tasks are difficult

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19
Q

how was group size manipulated in Asch’s research

A

he varied the amount/number of confederates.

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20
Q

how was unanimity manipulated in Asch’s research

A

he sometimes arranged for a confederate to give a different answer to the majority.

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21
Q

how was task difficulty manipulated in Asch’s research

A

he made the answers less obvious by having lines of the similar strength

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22
Q

strengths for Asch’s study

A

It’s Lab experiment, so the extraneous and confounding variables are strictly controlled, meaning the replication of the experiment is easy.
- has high internal validity
- supports normative social influence.
- the researcher breached ethical guideline for deception

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23
Q

weakness for Asch’s study

A
  • lacks ecological validity, findings cannot be generalised to real life
  • lacks population validity due to sampling issues- the study was subject to gender bias
  • lacks validity
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24
Q

who conducted a study to show people conforming to social roles

A

Zimbardo conducted his Stanford Prison Experiment to conform Social Roles

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25
what was Zimbardo's Aims and Participants
24 American Male Undergraduate students aim was to investigate how people would conform to the social roles in a stimuli experiment
26
what was Zimbardo's procedure
basement of the Stanford university was converted into a temporarily prison students volunteered to take part, randomly allocated to one of the 2 roles: guard and prisoner, both wore uniform prisoners were given numbers for identity. Both were given props and uniform
27
findings within Zimbardo's research
- identification occurred very fast - both prisoners and guards adapted to their roles and played their part - Guards began to Harass and torment the prisoners - prisoners only spoke about prison issues, significant evidence that they believed the prison was real
28
strengths for Zimbardo's study for social roles
- ethics was controlled by the participants being fully and completely debriefed about the aims and the results of the study - the amount of ethical issues for the study led to more ethical considerations taken into considerations for future studies to make them safer
29
weaknesses within Zimbardo's Study on Social Roles
- lacks ecological validity- suffers from demand characteristics. participants knew that they were taking part in the study so therefore changed their behaviour - lacks population validity- the sample only considers American Male students, findings can't be generalised
30
what is the Agentic State
a person believes that someone else will take responsibility for their own actions
31
what is the autonomous state
state in which a person believes they will take responsibility for their own actions
32
what is the agentic shift
a person shifts from an autonomous state to the agentic state
33
what is the legitimacy of authority
describes how credible the figure of authority is.
34
in milgrams study how was legitimate authority used
people saw the experimenter as legitimate as they knew he was a scientist and therefore likely to be more responsible
35
state the 3 situational factors
location. proximity and authority figure
36
proximity
state of being near in someone in space or time
37
location
a particular place or position
38
authority figure
a person who has or represents authority
39
why are people more likely to obey with someone wearing uniform
they give higher status and a greater sense of legitimacy
40
why do people obey to location in Milgram's study
conducted a prestigious American University, obedience was greater than in a variation of the study conducted in a rundown office
41
why do people obey within proximity
more likely to obey when they are less able to see the negative consequences of their actions and closer to their authority figure.
42
a strength within the agentic state and the legitimacy of authority
their theories can be used to successfully explain several real life examples of obedience towards destructive authority figure.
42
a weakness within Milgram's study linking within the situational variables
Milgram's variations, particular the removal of uniform as situational variables may have lacked validity , i.e. they do not measure what they were intended to measure
43
Milgram's aims within the variables that affect obedience, aims and amount of participants
he randomly selected participants- 40 male volunteers - aim was to observe whether people would obey a figure of authority when told to harm another person
44
Milgram's participants
participants = role of teacher confederates = role of learner decided through random allocation
45
Milgram's procedure
participants asked confederates a series of questions when confederates answered wrong, they would have been given an electric shock
46
milgrams method for his experiment
each participant completed several personality questionnaires, including Adorno's f-scale
47
findings for milgrams experiment
- the obedient participants scored higher on the F scale, in comparison to disobedient participants
48
conclusion for Milgram's experiment
obedience is influenced by the authoritarian personality
49
how was ethics a major issue in the experiment
- the use of deception - the lack of protection for the participants who were involved - pressure from the participants to continue even after asking to stop, interfering with participants right to withdraw
50
more evaluations for Milgram's experiment
- lacks ecological validity - lacks population validity - very reliable as it can be replicated
51
what are dispositional factors for obedience
they are internal factors that make individuals themeselves
52
what are the different types of dispositional factors for obedience
- appearance - personalities - likes and dislikes - your beliefs
53
who did Milgram partner up with in 1966
Elms
54
what is their aim for their research
see if the participants in Milgram's research were more to display authoritarian traits
55
who participated in the research
-20 obedient participants= administrated the full 450 v - 20 disobedient participants= refused to continue
56
what method did they use in the research
- completed several personality questionnaires
57
what are there findings within their research
obedient participants scored higher on the F-scale, in comparison to the disobedient ones
58
conclusion for the research
obedience is influenced by the authoritarian personality
59
who conducted the F-scale that is used within the dispositional factors on explaining obedience
Adorno
60
how did Adorno develop the F-Scale
Adorno interviewed former Nazi Soldiers
61
what does the F-scale do
measures how authoritarian a person is
61
what are some findings that Adorno made
a right F-scale was linked with excessive respect, and defence to those of a higher status
62
what are some negatives towards the F-scale
- its not wiling to accept any new ideas or new situations - individuals can rigid their opinions
63
what is minority influence
refers to situations where one person or a small group of people influences the beliefs and behaviour of other people
64
how is minority influence a type of social influence
it helps motivate individuals to reject group norms
65
what are the 3 main processes in minority influence
- consistency - flexibility - commitment
66
what is consistency
- majority must stay consistent with their views in order to get more attention
67
2 types of consistency
synchronic + Diachronic
68
what is synchronic
everyone say the same thing and have an agreement
69
what is diachronic
consistent over time
70
what is commitment
- people being committed to their cause/values - known as the argumentation principle
71
what is flexibility
- the minority is open to compromise and negotiation
72
what are the 2 ways that the minority wants to encourage people away to group norms
- conversion - the snowball effects
73
what is conversion
- involves new beliefs of behaviour being accepted both public ally and privately
74
the snowball affect
the gradual process of minority opinions becoming majority opinions
75
Moscovici?
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2025 Mock Psychology P2 (4 decks)

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