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psychology social influence > social influence and change > Flashcards

social influence and change Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 ways in which resistance to SI can occur

A

1) independence
2) Anti-conformity

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2
Q

define independence

A
  • a lack of consistent movement either towards or away from social expectancy
  • ie. doing your own thing
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3
Q

define Anti-conformity

A
  • a consistent movement away from social conformity
  • ie adopting the behaviour of minority group
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4
Q

describe social support

A
  • pressure to confirm is reduced if there are other non-confirming people present
  • this dissenter adds a ‘model’ and allows someone to follow their conscience
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5
Q

give an example of social support regarding conformity

A
  • in Asch’s study, conformity rates dropped from 33% to 5.5% in the presence of a dissenter
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6
Q

give an example of social support regarding obedience

A
  • in Milgrams study, obedience dropped from 65% down to 10% in the presence of a dissenter
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7
Q

what are some A03 points of social support?

A
  • strength= supporting evidence
    • Asch’s study
    • Milgrams study
  • weakness= alternative explanation
    • other factors such as Authoritarian personality
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8
Q

what does a locus of control refer to?

A

refers to a persons perception of personal control over their behaviour

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9
Q

what do people with a high external LOC believe

A
  • believe things turn out a certain way regardless of their actions
  • behaviour is caused by luck or fate
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10
Q

what do people with a high internal LOC believe?

A
  • perceive themselves to be in control of their behaviour
  • they can affect the outcomes of situations
  • therefore they take personal responsibility
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11
Q

describe internality regarding resistance to SI

A
  • people with high internality rely less on the opinions of others
  • high internals seek info that is useful to them therefore less vulnerable to SI
  • achievement orientated
  • they believe they control their behaviour/future
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12
Q

A03 of locus of control

A
  • weakness= alternative explanation
    • other factors such as gender
    • eagly + Carli found males resist more than females
  • Strength= supporting evidence
    • oliner + oliner (WWll survivors)
    • ppl with higher internal LOC less likely to obey
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13
Q

define minority influence

A
  • type of SI where one person/small group influences the belief of other people
  • motivates ppl to reject the established majority group norms
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14
Q

how is minority influence achieved?

A
  • conversion
    • majorities are gradually won over to minority view point
    • behaviour/belief accepted both publically and privately—> internalisation
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15
Q

method of Moscovici research on Minority influence

A
  • each group had 4 naive participants + minority of 2 confeds
  • showed series of blue slides that varied in intensity and asked to judge color of slides
  • in ‘consistent’ condition, two confeds called blue slides green on every trial
  • in ‘inconsistent’ condition, confeds said slides were green on 2/3rds of trials
  • in control condition, 6 naive participants and no confeds, all said blue throughout
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16
Q

findings of Moscivici research

A
  • found that in the consistent condition, the real participant agreed on 8.2% of trials
  • in ‘inconsistent’ condition, real participants agreed on 1.25%
17
Q

conclusion of Moscovici minority influence research

A
  • consistent minority is 7% more effective than inconsistent minority
  • consistency is a more important factor in exerting minority influence
18
Q

what are the three main processes in minority influence?

A
  • consistency
  • commitment
  • flexibility
19
Q

define consistency in regards to MI

A
  • MI more likely if the same belief is retained overtime
  • draws majorities attention
  • synchronic consistency
  • diachronic consistency
20
Q

define synchronic consistency

A
  • people in the minority are all saying the same thing
21
Q

define diachronic consistency

A
  • minority have been saying the same thing for some time
22
Q

describe commitment as a process of minority influence

A
  • minorities engaging in risky/extreme behaviour to draw attention to their views
  • demonstrates their commitment
  • creates importance of viewpoint
23
Q

describe flexibility as a process of minority influence

A
  • MI more likely if minority is willing to adopt/compromise
  • demonstrates willingness to listen to others
  • ensures they are not viewed as dogmatic and unreasonable
24
Q

minority influence A03

A
  • methodological issues
    • judging color of slide = artificial
    •lacks external validity
  • research support
    • Nemeth and Brilmayer
    • flexibility is major factor
  • research has biased sample
    • moscovici used all females (gynocentric)
    • low generalisability
25
Q

what is social change

A
  • process where whole society adopts nee beliefs/attitudes/way of behaving which becomes social norm
26
Q

why is social change slow?

A
  • allows for new ideas to be ‘road tested’ to check suitability for mainstream society
27
Q

define drawing attention as a necessary condition for MI

A
  • differing minority views create a conflict that majorities are motivated to reduce
28
Q

define deeper processing as a condition necessary for MI

A
  • the more people think about issue, the more they will be able to challenge the existing social norm
29
Q

define the augmentation principle as a condition necessary for MI

A
  • when majority pays attention to risky actions by minority, minority are taken more seriously
30
Q

define the snowball effect as a condition necessary for MI

A
  • starting minority has relatively small effect
  • this spreads more widely as more people consider the issues being promoted
  • reaches a ‘tipping point’ where it leads to wide scale social change
31
Q

define social cryptoamnesia as a condition necessary for MI

A
  • minority knows that social change has occurred but the source of change/original message has been disassociated
  • now do not recall how it happened
32
Q

give evidence of consistency regarding black american civil right act

A
  • the boycott lasted 381 days
33
Q

give evidence of deeper processing in regards to the black american civil right movement

A
  • boycotting made more people questions the issue at hand
34
Q

give evidence of the augmentation principle regarding the black american civil right movement

A
  • rosa parks got arrested
  • presents her as committed and taken serious
35
Q

give evidence of the snowball effect regarding the black american civil rights movement

A
  • boycott extended from rosa parks to the wider community
  • members of black community were notified and began boycotting buses
36
Q

give example of social cryptoamnesia regarding the black american civil rights movement

A
  • law stating that black people can sit anywhere on the bus
37
Q

social change A03

A
  • strength = research support
    • nolan et al
  • weakness = methodology issues
    • issues with asch milgrams nf moscovici
    • doubts regarding external validity

-weakness= minority influence can act as barrier to social change
• majority does not want to associate with stereotypes

psychology social influence (3 decks)

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