Social Influence - Group Influences Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Social Influence - Group Influences Deck (5)
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1
Q

_____ is an improvement in performance and affects easy and well-learned tasks, while _____ is a decrease in performance and affects difficult and unfamiliar tasks.
Both occur in the mere presence of others.

A

Social facilitation; social inhibition

2
Q

_____ is also known as the free rider effect and occurs when members of a group contribute less to the group’s output than they would have done if working alone. Explanations for this include diffusion of responsibility and decreased evaluation apprehension.

A

Social loafing

Social loafing is less likely to occur when:

  • a group is small and cohesive
  • when group members believe that the task is personally meaningful, they’ll be punished for poor performance, their individual contributions are necessary for a successful outcome
  • individual contributions can be identified and evaluated
3
Q

_____ refers to the loss of a person’s sense of individuality and the reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior and occurs when people can act anonymously because they’re in a large crowd or their identities are disguised.

A

Deindividuation

4
Q

What are Steiner’s (1972) five group task types?

A
  1. Additive - output is the sum of efforts
  2. Compensatory - independent working, and efforts are averaged.
  3. Disjunctive - choosing the one best individual solution or answer
  4. Conjunctive - all participate, but limited by least capable member (e.g., relays or meeting deadlines)
  5. Discretionary - individual efforts combined, but group performance depends on how efforts are combined.
5
Q

What are Tuckman and Jensen’s (1977) five stages of group development?

A
  1. Forming
  2. Storming
  3. Norming
  4. Performing
  5. Adjourning